This study aimed to investigate the existence of GABA receptor and the mechanisms of action of GABA and diazepam of the trachealis muscle isolated from dog. Horizontal muscle strips of 2mm×15mm were prepared from canine trachea, and isometric myography in isolated muscle chamber bubbled with 95/5%-O₂/CO₂ at 36℃, at the pH of 7.4 was performed. Muscle strips contracted responding to the electrical field stimulation (ESP) by 2~20 Hz, 20 msec, monophasic square wave of 60 VDC. GABA and diazepam suppressed the EFS-induced contractions to the similar extent, significantly. (p<0.05). Bicuculline, a GABA(A) receptor antagonist blocked both GABA- and diazepam-inhibitions; but DAVA, a GABA(B) receptor antagoinst did not affect either of them. These results suggest than in the canine trachealis muscle, there may be only GABA(A) receptor, and GABA and diazepam inhibit the contractility via GABA(A) receptor.
Animals ; Bicuculline ; Diazepam ; Dogs ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid* ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Myography ; Receptors, GABA ; Receptors, GABA-A ; Trachea

The simultaneous ipsilateral fractures of the arm and forearm are relatively rare and there is no exact method of treatment for these fractures. Authors has clinically analized 37 cases of these fractures which are treated between September, 1973 and May, 1987 at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine. The results can be summarized as follows. l. Among 440 patients with humeral fracture, there were associated fractures of the ipsilateral forearm bone in 69 patients (13. 4%). 2. The main cause of these fracture was traffic accident and the next one was fell from a height. 3. The most frequently associated injury was nerve paralysis. 4. The methods of treatment were classified as follows . 1 st method Both arm and forearm were treated by internal fixation (32.1%). 2nd method The arm was treated by internal fixation and the forearm by conservative method (11.8%). 3rd method The arm was treated by conservative method and the forearm by in- ternal fixation (11.8%). 4rdmethod Both arm and forearm were treated by conservative method (44. 3%). 5. By Andersons criteria, excellent and satisfactory results were obtained in 47. 1% of cases which were treated by mainly 1 st method.
Accidents, Traffic ; Arm ; Forearm ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Paralysis

Many injuries of the hand have been occured in these days because of frequent industrial hazards and frequent handling of tools in modern civilizing life. A voluminous amount of literature has been recently concerned with many problems and questions posed by tendon surgery. Many investigations have been devoted to discussion of suture materials, tendon suturing, grafting, healing, rate of healing, nutrition and related clinical and laboratory endeavors. Because of these efforts, the designation of Zone II as“no man's land” is no longer significant and should be called “skilled man's land”. With regard to to secondary reconstructive surgery, in cases without much scarring and few associated lesions, we routinely select the one-stage graft and use early motion in the postoperative programs. This paper aimed to review our experience with 215 patients with flexor tendon injuries in hand who were treated with primary repair or tendon graft with average follow up of 8.5 months from June, 1973 to May, 1987 and the following results were obtained. 1. The most frequent site of injury was Zone V. 2. The over all end result of primary repair was satisfactory in 86.5% by White and Kleinert criteria. 3. The over all end result of tendon graft in Zone Il was satisfactory in 51.0% by White and Kleinert criteria. 4. In Zone lI, primary repair obtained satisfactory result in 36.4% but the tendon graft obtained satisfactory result in 51.0%. 5. In tendon graft, the preoperative stste was supposed to have close relation to postoperative result and the duration from injury to graft was supposed to have little relation to postoperative results. 6. In primary repair, the cases using Bunnells suture technique obtained satisfactory result in 85.1% and the cases using modified Kesslers suture technique obtained satisfactory result in 91.2%.
Cicatrix ; Clinical Study ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand ; Humans ; Suture Techniques ; Sutures ; Tendon Injuries ; Tendons ; Transplants

Acute encephalopathy with thalamotegmental involvement occurs in infants and young children and is thought to be a postviral or postinfectious brain disease. This disease is preceded for several days by fever and symptoms of upper respiratory infection. The symptoms are followed by the rapid evolution of stupor and coma, associated with generalized seizures and decerebrate rigidity. In this disease, the computed tomography (CT) or brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrate symmetrical focal lesions in the thalami and brainstem tegmentum. We report two cases of acute encephalopathy with thalamotegmental involvement and remaining motor dysfunction in infants.
Brain ; Brain Diseases ; Brain Stem ; Child ; Coma ; Decerebrate State ; Fever ; Humans ; Infant* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Seizures ; Stupor

Venous malformations has been shown to be the most common intracranial vascular malformation autopsy and clinical series. Cerebral venous malformation is associated with different frequnecies of epileptic seizures. Only in about 25% of cases are venous malformation diagnosed because of the occurrence of epileptic seizures. We report a case of 4 year-old female patient with status epilepticus caused by venous angioma in the right temporal lobe of the brain.
Autopsy ; Brain* ; Child, Preschool ; Epilepsy ; Female ; Hemangioma* ; Humans ; Status Epilepticus* ; Temporal Lobe ; Vascular Malformations

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Neurilemmoma* ; Neurofibromatosis 1

In the initial published version of this article, there was a mistake in the title. The correct title should be “Impact of Day 14 Peripheral Blood Chimerism after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation on the Treatment Outcome of Non-Malignant Disease”.

BACKGROUNDS: Pancreaticoduodenectomy has been applied to diseases of periampullary region since 1935 by Whipple and associates, but this procedure is so complexed that associated with high morbidity and mortality. In the treatment of periampullary cancer, curative surgical resection only promises the possibilities of cure, because other methods of treatment including chemotherapy and radiation therapy have been of little or no benefit to improve the survival rate. METHODS: We performed the clinical analysis on 123 cases of pancreaticoduodenectomies at the department of Surgery, Chonnam University Hospital, during the past 11 years from June 1986 to May 1997 to assess the associated factors with postoperative complications and the survival rate. RESULTS: Among 123 cases, 104 cases(84.6%) were malignant tumor of periampullary region, 16 cases were benign lesion, and 3 cases were type IV pancreatic injury. Pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed in 115 cases, pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy in 4 cases, total pancreatectomy in 2 cases and extended pancreaticoduodenectomy in 2 cases. Postoperative complications were developed in 28 cases(22.8%) and the major cause of postoperative complication was the anastomotic leakage, especially in the pancreatico-jejunostomy site. The overall operative and hospital mortality rate was 7.3%. Preoperative percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(PTBD) and the serum level of albumin and bilirubin were not related to the development of postoperative complications. Factors affecting survival after resection of malignant tumor were the size of tumor, presence of lymph node metastasis and tumor infiltration to adjacent tissue, but the level of CEA, alphaFP, and CA 19-9 and tumor differentiation were not related to the survival rate statistically. CONCLUSION: Optimal preoperative preparation of the patient and a meticulous and standarized operative technique are mandatory to minimize the operative morbidity and mortality after pancreaticoduodenectomy. In the treatment of periampullary cancer, radical surgical resection is recommended for long-term survival, as well as the development of other treatment modalities to prevent the postoperative recurrence.
Anastomotic Leak ; Bilirubin ; Drug Therapy ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Lymph Nodes ; Mortality ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pancreatectomy ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy* ; Postoperative Complications ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate

No abstract available.
Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous* ; Female* ; Humans ; Mucins*

Spontaneous rupture of the bile duct is an exceedingly rare and usually recognized fatal cause of peritonitis and intraabdominal sepsis. Several reports of isolated cases have demonstrated its rarity in the absence of operative trauma or severe injury. Perforation of the biliary system occurs most frequently in the gall bladder, which perforation of the hepatic duct is less common, being described mainly in infants, but extremely rarely in adults. The diagnosis of the spontaneous rupture of the bile duct depends on meticulous clinical examination and imaging investigation. The basic principles of treatment are to stop the bile leakage, evacuate the extravasated bile, apply decortication of the encapsulated fluid collection and provide adequate drainage. We report on a patient with spontaneous perforation of the right hepatic duct who presented with abdominal pain, jaundice and fever. Exploratory surgery showed proximal common bile duct obstruction with right hepatic duct perforation.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Bile ; Bile Ducts ; Biliary Tract ; Common Bile Duct ; Diagnosis ; Drainage ; Fever ; Hepatic Duct, Common* ; Humans ; Infant ; Jaundice ; Peritonitis ; Rupture, Spontaneous* ; Sepsis ; Urinary Bladder