PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of MRI in the management of cervical cancer treated by conventional four-field whole pelvic irradiation. METHOD AND MATERIAL: Between 1993-march and 1994-february, 20 patients(4 Stage I B, 3 Stage U A, 13 Stage U B) with invasive cervical cancer were eligible for evaluation of accuracy of conventionally designed lateral treatment field without MRI determination. RESULTS: 5 out of 20 Patients had inadequate margin without MRI. The position of uterine fundus was more important than cervix in correction of field size and the center of treatment field. CONCLUSION: This Preliminary date show MRI determination of uterine position prior to radiotherapy planning is essential in the case of four-field whole pelvic irradiation technique.
Cervix Uteri ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Radiotherapy* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

All authors would like to withdraw the article because they have found a mistake in selecting subjects for this study.

BACKGROUND: The afferent and efferent pathways of fentanyl cough response (FCR) and central organization are poorly understood at present. The aim of this study was to investigate the pretreatment effects of morphine, propofol, atropine, and midazolam on FCR. METHOD: The 120 healthy patients were randomly assigned to six equal pretreatment groups. They received 2ug/kg fentanyl rapidly through a peripheral venous catheter. The patients in each group were pretreated before the time necessary for peak plasma levels with different drugs as follows: group 1, no premedication; group 2, morphine 0.05 mg/kg iv; group 3, morphine 0.05 mg/kg iv naloxone 0.01mg/kg iv; group 4, propofol 0.5 mg/kg iv; group 5, atropine 0.01 mg/kg iv; group 6, midazolam 0.05 mg/kg iv. The patients were observed for any coughing or side effects, including oxygen desaturation, bronchoconstriction, chest wall rigidity and seizure. RESULT: 40% of patients in group 1 (control) had a cough response to fentanyl. Group 2 (morphine) and group 3 (morphine naloxone) showed a reduced FCR of 10%. The incidence of coughing was 60% of the patients in group 4 (propofol), 30% in group 5 (atropine), and 40% in group 6 (midazolam). These were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: FCR is not altered by pretreatment with propofol, atropine, or midazolam, but morphine inhibits cough response and this antitussive effect was not antagonized by naloxone.
Atropine* ; Bronchoconstriction ; Catheters ; Cough* ; Efferent Pathways ; Fentanyl* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Midazolam* ; Morphine* ; Naloxone ; Oxygen ; Plasma ; Premedication ; Propofol* ; Seizures ; Thoracic Wall

PURPOSE: To determine the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of tuberculous arthritis, and the frequency-in such cases-with which tuberculoma occurs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images of 26 patients (M:F, 14:12; mean age, 46.2 years) with pathologically proven tuberculous arthritis were retrospectively reviewed. The presence of joint effusion, subchondral erosion, synovial proliferation and soft tissue abscess, and whether the inner wall of this abscess was smooth, were assessed. In particular, we determined whether a nodular lesion which showed low SI on T1WI, central low SI with peripheral high SI on T2WI, and rim enhancement on contrast study, was a tuberculoma. RESULTS: The joints involved were those of the knee (n=7), hip (n=7), shoulder (n=4), sacroiliac region (n=3), elbow (n=3), and ankle (n=2). Joint effusion was noted in 15 cases (58%), and subchondral erosion in 24(92%). synovial proliferation was found in 23 cases (88%), and soft tissue abscess in 24 (92%). The inner wall of this abscess was irregular in 17 cases (71%). A tuberculoma was present in intra- or extra-articular soft tissue in 18 cases (69%). CONCLUSION: The MR findings of tuberculous arthritis were subchondral erosion, synovial proliferation, and soft tissue abscess. The presence of a tuberculoma in intra- or extra-articular soft tissue, a specific finding in tuberculous arthritis, was noted in 69% of our cases.
Abscess ; Ankle ; Arthritis* ; Elbow ; Hip ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee ; Retrospective Studies ; Shoulder ; Tuberculoma*

BACKGROUND: Because of wide individual variations in response to sedative and the level of sedation desired by different patients, inadequate sedation is frequent during surgery. Patient-controlled sedation is a logical extension of patient-controlled analgesia to find and maintain their own steady-state of sedation by self-administration of sedatives during surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of patient-controlled sedation compared with anesthesiologist-controlled sedation during surgical spinal anesthesia. METHODS: Unpremedicated forty adult patients who received spinal anesthesia for lower extremity surgery were randomly allocated into two groups (n=20 for each group). After selection of target state of sedation according to sedation scale, patient-controlled sedation (PCS) group self-administered 0.5 mg (1 ml) intravenous midazolam in increments using a Walkmed PCA infusor and anesthesiologist- controlled sedation (ACS) group administered by the anesthesiologist as the same manner to achieve previously selected sedation state. Sedation score, vital signs, SpO2 were checked 5, 10, 20, 30, 40min after start of drug injection. RESULTS: The sedation scores patient desired were 4.4 +/- 0.8 in PCS group and 4.3 +/- 0.7 in ACS group. These scores were achieved 20min after start of injection in PCS group and 40 min in ACS grou p (p<0.05). Degree of satisfaction was higher in PCS group compared with ACS group (1.5 +/- 0.6 vs 2.1 +/- 0.8, p<0.05). No complications were detected in two groups. CONCLUSIONS: PCS using midazolam was better than ACS in terms of early achievement of sedation state patient desired and degree of satisfaction.
Adult ; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Infusion Pumps ; Logic ; Lower Extremity ; Midazolam* ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Vital Signs

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Cytomegalovirus Infections* ; Cytomegalovirus*

The goal of fracture treatment is to restore the patient to pre-injury function level. But the outcome assessment after orthopedic interventions has usually focused on physician-defined parameters of technical success, such as fracture union, alignment and range of motion rather than patient function and quality of life. However, the correlation among improvements in these parameters and functional status, psychosocial well being is inconsistent and weak in the elderly. Therefore authors assessed the functional status after surgical intervention of hip fractures in the elderly with functional recovery score(FRS). Independence in basic activities of daily living, in instrumental activities of daily living, in mobility, freedom from pain and intact memory were assessed in 133 hip fractures in the elderly. The hip fractures in the elderly resulted in 24.8% loss of function after the first year. The older the age, the more the loss of function after surgery of hip fractures. The more functional loss was observed in female patients and in patients with poor postoperative radiological results, but statistically insignificant (P>0.05). The more functional loss was observed in patients with underlying medical disease preoperatively and it was statistically significant (P<0.05). We recommend the evaluation of functional status in the elderly after hip fractures.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged* ; Female ; Freedom ; Hip Fractures* ; Hip* ; Humans ; Memory ; Orthopedics ; Quality of Life ; Range of Motion, Articular

BACKGROUND: The potent bronchodilatory effects of ketamine on airway smooth muscle tone are important in the management of patients with asthma, but its mode of action is unclear. In the present study we evaluated that effects on isolated guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle. METHODS: Changes of isometric contraction of strip were measured. (1) Serial stimulation with acetylcholine(ACh) in Krebs solution or with A23187, nifedipine, ketamine were evaluated. After that, ACh stimulation was induced in Ca2+ free solution. (2) In Ca2+ free solution, ACh contraction was obtained(L1) and emptied by repetitive ACh stimulation. Internal stores were refilled by Ca2+ with ACh stimulation. During the incubation period, A23187, nifedipine, ketamine, cyclopiazonic acid + ketamine was added and tested for their ability to inhibit refilling. Refilling was evaluated by ACh produced contraction (L2) with ratio (L2/L1). (3) Effects of ketamine on the contraction induced by caffeine were also checked. RESULTS: Ketamine inhibited amplitude dose-dependently by successive application of ACh in modified Krebs solution and Ca2+ free solution. Ca2+ influx through voltage gated channels were inhibited with nifedipine but not with A23187. ACh sensitive internal store were different when A23187, nifedipine and ketamine were applied in Ca2+ free solution. Refilling of internal store were potentiated by A23187, but decreased by nifedipine and ketamine. Caffeine produced contractions in the presence of ketamine were not significantly different from control. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the inhibitory effects of ketamine in guinea pig trachea were by acting through voltage and receptor gated channels in dose-depedent manner and these effects may be interferences of intracellular second messengers system.
Animals ; Asthma ; Caffeine ; Calcimycin ; Guinea Pigs* ; Guinea* ; Humans ; Isometric Contraction ; Ketamine* ; Muscle, Smooth ; Nifedipine ; Second Messenger Systems ; Trachea*

BACKGROUND: Intraductal papillary tumors of the breast exhibit bloody discharge, often with no evidence of a palpable tumor, making discrimination between benign and malignant lesions sometimes difficult for pathologists and surgeons. Thus the technique used in removing the offending ductal system should be fully diagnostic, adequately therapeutic and cosmetically. Microdochectomy has been the accepted treatment for intraductal papillomas of the breast. METHODS: We performed dye-injection microdochectomy on intraductal papillomas of the breast in 15 patients. This procedure utilize a lacrimal probe and 24-gauge medicut that were gently advanced into the offending duct, and methylene blue dye was injected to outline the involved duct for easy dissection through a circumareolar incision. Also a visual check was made as the duct filled with eye. With careful dissection as far as the base of the nipple and good hemostasis, the suspicious duct was easily isolated and then dissected along its entire length and removed with a small cone of the breast tissue surrounding the duct. RESULTS: The peak incidence was in the 3rd and the 4th decades (67%). Among the 15 patients operated on for an intraductal papilloma, 7 (47%) had bloody discharge, 2 (13%) were serous, 2 (13%) were yellowish and 4 (26.7%) had both bloody dischrage and mass. Microdochectomy was performed under general anesthesia in 12 (80%). There were single papillomas in 9 (60%) and multiple papillomas in 6 (40%). Postoperative complication was seroma in the wound in 1case (7%). CONCLUSIONS: Because we could perform dye-injection microdochectomy safely, rapidly, and effectively, we think that this procedure should be a standard treatment for intraductal papilloma of the breast.
Anesthesia, General ; Breast* ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Methylene Blue ; Nipples ; Papilloma ; Papilloma, Intraductal* ; Postoperative Complications ; Seroma ; Wounds and Injuries