We reviewed the records of 101 eyes who underwent extracapsular cataract extraction without intraocular lens implantation at Kosin Medical Center from Feb. 1987 to Mar. 1990. Of these, 47 eyes that showed postoperative corrected visual acuity of 0.5 more and more than 2 months' follow-up periods, were recruited for this study. To detect the changes of preoperative predicted aphakic refractions and postoperative observed aphakic refractions. we studied the changes of pre- and postoperative axial lengths, keratometric measurements, and observed aphakic refractions at postoperative 2 months were compared with predicted aphakic refractions, using linear regression formula. The results were as follows: 1. Distribution of age were in the range of 24 to 79 years(mean, 59.4 years), and seventh decade(31.8%) was most common. 2. Postoperative keratometric measurements was decreased in power of mean +/- SD; 0.04 +/- 0.14 diopters(p>0.05). 3. Postoperative axial length was increased by 0.20 +/- 0.09mm(p<0.05). 4. The difference between pre- and postoperative refractive power was mean +/- SD; 0.58 +/- 0.16 diopters(p<0.05).

Laboratory diagnostic methods, applied for the diagnosis of Acanthamoeba Keratitis, were evaluated for their usefulness in 16 patients of suspicious Acanthamoeba keratitis. Wet smear, Acridine orange(AO) stain, Gram stain and culture on nonnuturent agar plate were routinely used in all patients, and among them, and used saline of 7 contact lens not ideal for the corneal scraping specimens. AO and Gram stains were very useful in the identification of acanthamoeba, and culture on nonnutrient agar plates was essential to confirm this infection. Light and electron microscopic examinations were also useful in patients with negative results of ordinary diagnostic techniques. Suspicion of Acanthamoeba infection in patients that are recalcitrant to antibiotic treatment or related to contact lens wear, is the mont important step for the diagnosis of Acanthamoeba Keratitis. And also examination of corneal specimens by experienced observer is prerequisite for the accurate diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis.
Acanthamoeba ; Acanthamoeba Keratitis ; Agar ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques* ; Coloring Agents ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Keratitis*

Epidemiologic study of contact lens related infectious keratitis was performed in 19 hospitals which were located nation wide, Two hundred eighteen cases of contact lens related infectious keratitis(male 55 patients, female 163 patients) were diagnosed among 649 infectious keratitis patients between April 1995 and September 1997. Patients were mainly in twenties (54.6%) and residents of Seoul and Pusan(65.6%). Their major occupations were student(31.7%) and office worker(25.5%). Soft contact lens was involved in infectious corneal ulcer in 96.8% and disposable lens in 13.3%. Lenses were puchased at optical shop in most cases (72%). Unfortunately, 51.6% of patients was not aware of possible contact lens complication and 66.7% was not able to use contact lens properly due to improper education. Pseudomonas was isolated from corneal ulcer in 65.4% of cases and Serratia in 9%. This study reveals that contact lens related infectious keratitis can be devastation disease especially socially active age group, and proper education of both contact lens usage and proper lens dispense system should be needed.
Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic ; Corneal Ulcer ; Education ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Keratitis ; Occupations ; Pseudomonas ; Seoul ; Serratia

In 44 out of 218 cases of contact lens related infectious keratitis from 19 hospitals throughout the country, contact lenses or contact lens storge cases were cultured. Microorganism was detected in 40 cases[90.9%]. Two or more organisms were isolated in 31 cases[77.5%]. Pseudomonas was the most common organism isolated from contact lens or contact lens storage medium[31 out of 84, 45.2%], followed by Serratia[15 out of 84, 17.9%], fungi [4], and acanthamoeba[4]. Acanthamoeba was found only in one hospital. Antibiotic sensitivity test for isolated pseudomonas showed that 96%of cases was sensitive to ciprofloxacin and 88%to ceftazidime.
Acanthamoeba ; Ceftazidime ; Ciprofloxacin ; Contact Lenses ; Fungi ; Keratitis* ; Pseudomonas

To compare the antimicrobial efficacy of several antibiotics in the treatment of ciprofloxacin and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus(MCRSA)keratitis, we established a rabbit keratitis model by using MCRSA isolated from keratitis patient. A strain of MCRSA, approroximately 100 colony forming units in 10 microliterof phosphate buffered saline was injected intrastromally into the each cornea of New Zealand white rabbits. 30 rabbtits(30 eyes)were randomly divided into 5 groups and treated with either 0.3%ciprofloxacin, 0.3%trovafloxacin, 5%vancomycin, 5%cefazolin, or sterile deionized water.Topical antibiotics were administered every 15 min for 6 hours(750microliter). Rabbits were sacrified 1hour after the last eyedrop, and excised corneas were homogenized, diluted, and plated on BAP medium.Bacterial colonyforming units per cornea were quantified after 48-hour incubation. Aqueous humor were collected from each eye and drug concentration was counted with HPLC. The log1 0 value of colony forming units(CFUs)of vancomycin treated group was 4.85+/-0.64;ciprofloxacin, 6.16+/-0.46;trovafloxacin, 6.58+/-0.29;cefazolin, 6.25+/-0.25;and sterile deionized water, 6.57+/-0.33.In view of mean CFU, vancomycin showed greater antimicrobial activity and it was statistically significant(p<0.05). However, all of these treatment did not completely sterilize any corneas with 6-hour treatment. From these results, only topical vancomycin(5%)represented effective antimicrobial activity with short-term treatment in rabbit keratitis with MCRSA.
Anti-Bacterial Agents* ; Aqueous Humor ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Ciprofloxacin ; Cornea ; Humans ; Keratitis* ; Methicillin Resistance* ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus* ; Rabbits ; Staphylococcus ; Stem Cells ; Vancomycin ; Water

Wilson's disease is an inborn error of copper metabolism which may be associated with hepatic cirrhosis and progressive degeneration of the central nervous system. The most common ophthalmologic finding in Wilson's disease is the Kayser-Fleischer ring. Other much less common physical signs include neurologic signs, endocrinologic abnormality. The Kayser-Fleischer ring occurs in the corneal periphery and is usually yellow- brown color. The Kayser-Fleischer ring.copper deposition at the level of the posteior position of Descemet's membran. The authours have recently experienced two cases of wilson's disease. One case. a 20-year-old girl, has Kayser-Fleischer rings in both eyes, amenorrhea, chronic active hepatitis and the other case, a 21-years-old girl, has dense yellow-green colored Kayser-Fleischer rings in both eyes, palilalia, and family relationship. Both cases have been treated with D-penicillaine and low copper diet. After treatment, clinical manifestation have been improved markedly at former case and the other cae is steady stage, but the Kayse-Fleischer rings have not disappeared yet in both cases.
Amenorrhea ; Central Nervous System ; Copper ; Diet ; Family Relations ; Female ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; Hepatolenticular Degeneration* ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Metabolism ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Penicillamine ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Hyperkalemia is a common and potentially life-threatening metabolic disorder. The electrocardiogram(ECG) is known to be a relatively sensitive diagnostic tool hyperkalemia. However many exceptions, in which patients showed normal ECG findings even though hyperkalemic, have been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of correlation between the ECG findings and hyperkalemia and to determine when the ECG has value for diagnosing hyperkalemia. METHODS: Patients who had been diagnosed as having hyperkalemia at two university hospitals during three years were enrolled in this study. We reviewed the medical records of the patients and evaluated the following 6 ECG abnormalities: tall T waves, narrow T waves, QRS widening, atrioventricular block, loss of P waves, and sine waves. We defined tall T waves and narrow T waves as 20 percentiles of heights and widths of the T waves from the 100 patients with normokalemia. RESULTS: During the study period, there were 100 hyperkalemic patients, and we analyzed 69 available electrocardiograms. Abnormal ECG findings were revealed in 67% of 69 patients. The higher the serum potassium level, the more abnormal ECG findings. The common ECG abnormalities were tall T waves and loss of P waves. The patients with normal ECGs even though hyperkalemic had relatively low potassium levels. And whether chronic renal disease was not correlated to the ECG abnormality. CONCLUSION: The electrocardiogram is a good diagnostic tool for hyperkalemia if it is used with accurate diagnostic criteria. Thus, hyperkalemia should be considered when the ECG shows tall T waves or loss of P waves.
Atrioventricular Block ; Electrocardiography* ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Hyperkalemia* ; Medical Records ; Potassium ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is an uncommon association with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often leading to a variety of serious complications. A total of 41 resected cases of IBD were examined to elucidate the pathologic features of intestinal CMV infection which was assessed by histologic examination and confirmed by immunohistochemistry with CMV antibody. Six cases were positve for CMV antibody; five cases in 19 ulcerative colitis (UC, 26.3%) and one case in 22 Crohn's disease (CD, 4.5%). Of 7 cases of the steroid-treated UC group, five cases were superinfected with CMV (71.4%) but none in 12 cases of the steroid-untreated UC group. All of the five CMV-positive cases in UC showed deep ulceration and transmural inflammation, while none of 10 UC cases without above features were CMV positive. Fibrinoid necrosis and thrombi were found in 83.3% of the CMV infected group, while none in the CMV-negative group of UC cases (p=0.01). We conclude that IBD, particularly UC, is susceptible to the CMV infection when steroid hormone is administered, and that deep colonic ulceration, transmural inflammation and fibrinoid necrosis of vasculature may suggest superinfection of CMV in UC patients. It seems that deep colonic ulceration may be the consequence of an ischemic change following vascular luminal occlusion or vasculitis by CMV infection.
Colitis, Ulcerative ; Colon ; Crohn Disease ; Cytomegalovirus Infections* ; Cytomegalovirus* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Inflammation ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases* ; Necrosis ; Phenobarbital ; Superinfection ; Ulcer ; Vasculitis

To evaluate the results and complications of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy(PRK) in high myopia, 39-months follow-up study after PRK on 179 eyes with high myopia(more than -0.6 diopter) was performed prospectively. And comparative analysis in complications of excimer laser PRK between high myopia and low and moderate myopia(less than -5.9 diopter) was done. In case of high myopia, overcorrection was developed in 63 eyes(35.39%) and undercorrection was developed in 17 eyes(9.55%) 6 months after PRK. At 10 days, induced astigmatism appeared in 122 eyes(68.16%), but it wasdecreased with the lapse of time. Twenty three eyes(12.99%) lost 2 lines of best-spectacle-corrected visual acuity 1 year after surgery, but part of the eyes regained gradually baseline visual acuity. Clinically significant corneal haze was developed in 80 eyes(44.69%) during follow-up period. Excimer laser PRK in high myopia compared with low and moderate myopia induced significantly high occurrence in overcorrection, undercorrection, refractive astigmatism, loss of best-corrected visual acuity, and corneal haze(P<0.05).
Astigmatism ; Follow-Up Studies ; Lasers, Excimer* ; Myopia* ; Photorefractive Keratectomy* ; Prospective Studies ; Visual Acuity

Histopathologic studies for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-associated chronic gastritis have been mostly undertaken with endoscopic biopsy specimens, often leading to an inappropriate evaluation of the gastric mucosal alterations. The purpose of this paper was designed to investigate the actual prevalence of lymphoid follicle formation by H. pylori infection using the resected stomachs. A total of 16 fresh gastrectomy specimens bearing gastric carcinoma were examined under the quick and gentle procedure, with which H. pylori was detected in 12 cases (75%) and lymphoid follicles in 14 cases (87.5%), while the detection rate of H. pylori remained 56.3% in the control group which comprised the same 16 resected stomachs and were examined by routine tissue preparation procedure without any special care. There was a significant correlation between the presence of H. pylori and lymphoid follicle formation (p=0.05), but no correlation was found between the grades of H. pylori and lymphoid follicles. The topographical distribution of H. pylori or lymphoid follicles in antrum and body gave no statistical difference. Similarly, there was no correlation between H. pylori infection and intestinal metaplasia, activity of chronic gastritis or histologic types of accompanying adenocarcinoma. We conclude that studies of the gastric mucosal change by H. pylori infection using the gastrectomy specimens provide a useful information for analysis of lymphoid follicle formation which is a consistent morphological characteristic of H. pylori infection.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy ; Gastrectomy* ; Gastritis ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Metaplasia ; Prevalence ; Stomach