PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the levels of bone mineral density (BMD) and to explain the factors influencing BMD among female college students in Korea. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 144 college women. Lifestyle factors were determined by self-report questionnaire. Body composition was measured by body composition analyzer and bone mineral density was measured by ultrasound bone densitometry. Data were analyzed using SPSS for windows, version 19.0. RESULTS: The mean BMD at calcaneus site was 0.56 g/cm2 (mean T-score=-0.22). The incidence of osteopenia was 21.5%. Factors predicting BMD were menarche age (r=-.22, p=.009) and height (r=-.18, p=.030) with 7% of explained variance. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that health care professionals need to provide young women with program that is intended to affect their intention toward osteoporosis preventive behavior change.
Body Composition ; Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Calcaneus ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Delivery of Health Care ; Densitometry ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intention ; Life Style ; Menarche ; Osteoporosis ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: We retrospectively evaluated the results and complications of urethroplasty in adult patients with hypospadias. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between February 1997 and June 2007, 21 adult patients with hypospadias underwent urethroplasty. The types of hypospadias were as follows: megameatus intact prepuce(MIP; n=4), subcoronal(n=5), distal penile(n=3), midshaft(n=2), penile(n=2), penoscrotal(n=2), and scrotal(n=3). Among the 21 patients, 13 were in the primary operative (group A) and 8 were in the re-operative(group B). RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 32.4+/-6.4 years(group A, 33.1+/-6.0 years; group B, 31.1+/-7.8 years). The mean duration of catheter drainage was 8.0+/-2.4 days(group A, 7.9+/-1.8 days; group B, 8.0+/-2.1 days). The surgical procedures included tubularized incised plate urethroplasty(n=14), Thiersch-Duplay(n=3), pyramid(n=3), and transverse preputial island flap (n=1). The overall success rate was 61.9%(group A, 92.3%; group B, 12.5%). Urethrocutaneous fistulas and a meatal stricture occurred in 6 and 1 patients, respectively, with both occurring in 1 patient(38.1% overall complication rate). Fistula repairs were performed successfully in 4 patients and another fistula resolved spontaneously. The meatal strictures were treated with simple dilatation. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrated a very high success rate in the treatment of primary adult hypospadias. And more careful surgical procedure is needed in patients who had history of previous failure more than 2 times because of significantly high complacation rate.
Adult ; Catheters ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Drainage ; Female ; Fistula ; Humans ; Hypospadias ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

Malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma is a rare complication. Most com-mon malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma is squamous cell carcinoma, which represents about 75 to 80% followed by adenocarcinoma in 6 to 7%. It is generally consi-dered that prognosis is extremely poor in case of adenocarcinoma associated with cystic te-ratoma. In this paper, we describe an adenocarcinoma arising from a mature cystic teratoma of left ovary in 47 year old woman. Left ovary was measured 18x15x7cm, 1,295gm in size. Uterus and right ovary were normal appearance. Left ovarian cyst was adhered to omentum and peritoneum. But neither rupture of cyst nor ascites were found at laparotomy. A brief review of concerned literatures was presented.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Ascites ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Female ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Middle Aged ; Omentum ; Ovarian Cysts ; Ovary* ; Peritoneum ; Prognosis ; Rupture ; Teratoma* ; Uterus

Changes in heart rate during reversal of neuromuscular block have been a subject of clinical investigation for manly years. A number of studios have compared the effect used anticholinergica and anticholineaterase. In most studies, the druga were administered separately or simultaneously. Furthermore these studios have ignored any possible affects that the general inhalation aneathetics used during surgery might have had during reversal of neuromusclar Block. Recently, the volatile anesthetics which mar hove a significant role in heart rate during administration of atropine and neostigmine were reported. This study was undertaken to investigate those effects of halothane and enflurane on heart rate chances during reversal of neuromuscular b1ock with glycopyrrolate (0.7 ug/kg) and pyridoatigmine (0.2 mg/kg) which was given either separately or simultaneously have been used on 40 cartes at Depatment of Anesthesiology, Hanyang University Hospital from October 1985 to June 1786. The results were as follows : 1) There were not a significant differences on age, height and weight in compare with subgroups. 2) The changes of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were not a significant statistica-llr in compare with subgroups. 3) The changes of heart rate were showed that Initial increasing and decreasing of base-line level at 10 minutes were statistically significant in compare with subgroups. (p<0.0001) 4) Tachycardia were observed as following sequence; E : G --> P>E:G +P>H : G+P > H : G --> P and bradycardia were as following sequence; H : G --> P>H : G+P>E : G --> P=E : G+P.
Anesthesiology ; Anesthetics ; Atropine ; Blood Pressure ; Bradycardia ; Enflurane* ; Glycopyrrolate* ; Halothane* ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Inhalation ; Neostigmine ; Neuromuscular Blockade* ; Pyridostigmine Bromide* ; Tachycardia

Endoscopic injection therapy using various different agents(ethanol, polidocanol, epinephrine with and without hypertonic saline, etc.) is considered as the least expensive and effective technique to obtain hemostasis in peptic ulcer bleeding, however most of these agents induce tissue necrosis or degeneration. Theoretically the injection of fibrin glue in peptic ulcer bleeding may be safer than that of other agents, however, to date, there have been no data from randomized clinical trials on the comparison of the efficacies between these agents. To compare the hemostatic efficacy between FG[Beriplast P, Behring, Germany] and HSE[3% saline and epinephrine(1: 10,000)], we conducted a prospective, randomized, clinical trial among one hundred twenty-seven patients with peptic ulcer bleeding from March, 1992 to December, 1993 and in whom a visible vessel or active bleeding was identified.
Epinephrine* ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive* ; Fibrin* ; Hemorrhage* ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Peptic Ulcer* ; Prospective Studies*

Isolated adrenal gland injuries have rarely been reported, but can be potentially devastating if unrecognized. Herein, we describe a case of an isolated adrenal gland injury following a motor vehicle accident. Under the diagnosis of an isolated adrenal injury without visceral organ injury by abdominopelvic CT, conservative management led to a favorable outcome.
Adrenal Glands ; Motor Vehicles

BACKGROUND: Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is effectively used for postoperative pain control. Fentanyl has a strong analgesic effect but has some side effects. The purpose of this study was to compare the side effects and analgesic effects of fentanyl alone and combination with nalbuphine in patients using intravenous PCA. METHODS: Forty six ASA class 1 or 2 patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group F (n = 23) received fentanyl 1,200microgram in 100 ml of normal saline. Group NF (n = 23) received nalbupine 60 mg and fentanyl 600microgram in 100 ml of normal saline. All patients used the same background infusion rate (2 ml/hr), bolus dose (2 ml) and lockout interval (15 min) just after emergence from general anesthesia. The analgesic effect was evaluated by using a visual analogue scale (VAS) at 1 hr, 6 hr, 12 hr, 24 hr and 48 hr postoperatively. Side effects and satisfaction degree were also checked. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of pain scores and satisfaction degrees. The side effects were similar in both groups except that sedation was significantly (P<0.05) lower in group NF. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that nalbuphine with fentanyl in combination is a useful method for intravenous PCA. On comparing the incidence of side effects in the two groups, sedation was found to be lower for the combined regimen.
Analgesia* ; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled ; Anesthesia, General ; Fentanyl* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Nalbuphine ; Pain, Postoperative ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Postoperative Complications

Brachial plexus block is a suitable, technique for surgery of the forearm, because it provides good intraoperative anesthesia and prolonged postoperative analgesia when long-acting local anesthetics are used. An eighty-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital for right radioulnar fracture. He had active pulmonary tuberculosis, severe valvular heart disease, hypertension, mild subarachnoid hemorrhage and a difficult airway. So, we performed an infraclavicular block to treat the fracture site and used a nerve stimulator when median nerve dital response and musculocutaneous nerve response were sought, and combined spinal-epidural block for the iliac bone graft at the same time. Regional anesthesia many advantages compared to general anesthesia in extremity operation. Peripheral nerve block and neuraxial block, when used properly in combination, should be able to replace general anesthesia in the majority of cases.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, Conduction ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthetics, Local ; Brachial Plexus* ; Extremities ; Forearm ; Heart Valve Diseases ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Median Nerve ; Musculocutaneous Nerve ; Peripheral Nerves ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Transplants* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

PURPOSE: This study examined the expression of clusterin and Ki-67 in human transitional cell carcinoma(TCC). In addition, the relationship of clusterin and Ki-67 expression with the clinicopathological factors and prognosis of human TCC was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 149 human TCC tissues were obtained from 149 patients who underwent a radical cystectomy(n=81) or transurethral resection(n=68). The expression of clusterin and Ki-67 was analyzed using immunohistochemical staining. The results were evaluated with respect to the clinicopathological factors. RESULTS: Positive clusterin expression was observed in 21.1% of the total TCC tissues. The expression of clusterin was not significantly related to age, gender, tumor stage and grade. However, recurrence-free survival rate of the patients with positive clusterin expression was significantly lower than that of patients with negative clusterin expression(p=0.02). The expression level of Ki-67 in the TCC tissues was associated with the tumor stage(p<0.001) and grade(p<0.001), but not with age and gender. Furthermore, the recurrence-free survival rate of patients with strong Ki-67 expression was significantly lower than that of patients with weak Ki-67 expression(p<0.001). The expression of clusterin was not significantly related to the level of Ki-67 expression. However, in the patients showing strong Ki-67 expression, the recurrence-free survival rate of the patients with positive clusterin expression was significantly lower than that of the patients with negative clusterin expression(p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the expression of clusterin and Ki-67 can be used as a useful predictor of the prognosis of patients with human TCC.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Clusterin ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate

Serous papillary cystadenomas arising in testis have been rarely reported, and they often resemble ovarian serous tumors of borderline malignancy. Herein, we report a case of a serous papillary cystadenoma of the testis in a 59 year old man. Based on a clinical diagnosis of left testicular tumor, a left radical orchiectomy was performed. The pathologic evaluation revealed a serous papillary cystadenoma of borderline malignancy in the testis.
Cystadenoma, Papillary* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Orchiectomy ; Testis*