BACKGROUND: In recent studies, tacrolimus ointment has been shown to be effective for the treatment of atopic dermatitis with an excellent safety profile. OBJECTIVE: This study was done to assess the efficacy and side-effects of tacrolimus ointment for the facial atopic dermatitis(AD) in Korean. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Open-label, non-comparative study with 2 months' follow-up was done to assess the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus ointment (Protopic0ointment 0.1%, Fujisawa, Japan) in moderate to severe facial AD. Patients were instructed to apply it two times daily for 8 weeks. Facial lesions were evaluated at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment with in-tensity score by investigator. RESULTS: In comparing of intensity scores and each clinical score at baseline with those of 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, a significant decrease was noticed at all follow-up periods. Burning sense(54.5%) and pruritus(18.2%) were detected. CONCLUSION: Tacrolimus ointment is effective in treatment of severe facial AD and has tolerable mild adverse effects at the site of application in Korean.
Burns ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Research Personnel ; Tacrolimus*

No abstract available.
Oxygen* ; Transplants*

The first report of cyst formation in the urachal relic was contributed by Lawson Tait in 1883 and re- searches of R.C. Begg (1927-1930) established the nature of development and anomalies of the urachus. Originally urachus was part of the fetal bladder which was formed from the cloaca. In adult, the tract is located in the extraperitoneal tissue of the anterior abdominal wall in the midline between the umbilicus and the urinary bladder. Incomplete regression of the urachus results in anomalies one of which is urachal cyst : mid portion of urachus is patent with both the cephalic and the caudal ends closed. We report a case of infected urachal cyst confirmed by exploration and microscopic examination.
Abdominal Wall ; Adult ; Cloaca ; Humans ; Umbilicus ; Urachal Cyst* ; Urachus ; Urinary Bladder

No abstract available.
DNA* ; Ploidies* ; Stomach Neoplasms*

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the statistical relevance of whether the systemic predisposing factors affect the prognosis of surgical treatment of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). All cases had undergone bone biopsies to determine the characteristics of the mechanisms of BRONJ by optical microscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data included 54 BRONJ cases who underwent surgery and in whom bone biopsies were performed. The results of surgery were evaluated and the results were classified into 3 categories: normal recovery, delayed recovery, and recurrence after surgery. The medical history, such as diabetes mellitus, medication of steroids, malignancies on other sites was investigated for an evaluation of the systemic predisposing factors in relation to the prognosis. The three factors involved with the medication of bisphosphonate (BP) were the medication route, medication period, and drug holiday of BP before surgery. The serum C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide (CTX) value and presence of microorganism colony in bone biopsy specimens were also checked. Statistical analysis was then carried out to determine the relationship between these factors and the results of surgery. RESULTS: The group of patients suffering from diabetes and on steroids tended to show poorer results after surgery. Parenteral medication of BP made the patients have a poorer prognosis after surgery than oral medication. In contrast, the medication period and drug holiday of BP before surgery did not have significance with the results of surgery nor did the serum CTX value and presence of microorganism colony. Necrotic bone specimens in this study typically showed disappearing new bone formation around the osteocytic lacunae and destroyed Howship's lacunae. CONCLUSION: Although many variables exist, this study could in part, predict the prognosis of surgical treatment of BRONJ by taking the patient's medical history.
Biopsy* ; Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw* ; Causality* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Holidays ; Humans ; Jaw Diseases ; Microscopy ; Osteogenesis ; Osteonecrosis ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Steroids

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical outcome of an operation with early rehabilitation from ankle fracture in accordance with the injury type. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 136 patients (70 males and 66 females) who underwent surgery and early rehabilitation for ankle fractures between December 2008 and December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. The average age was 47.9 years, with a range of 18~79 years. The mean follow-up period was 28.7 months, with a range of 24~102 months. All patients were classified in accordance with the Lauge Hansen classification and anatomic fracture site. Moreover, the presence of ligament injuries were documented. A short-leg cast was applied postoperatively for two weeks; thereafter, patients began the range-of-motion exercises after cast removal. Full weightbearing was allowed at 2 weeks postoperatively. Each patient was assessed radiologically and clinically based on the Olerud-Molander score, visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, joint stiffness, and capability of single heel raising. RESULTS: Seventeen patients (12.5%) complained of postoperative pain (VAS score 1~3), and the incidence was higher in patients with trimalleolar fractures or associated ligament injuries. Twenty-three patients (16.9%) complained of postoperative ankle stiffness. The mean Olerud-Molander score was 75.4/80 (range, 55~80). Olerud-Molander scores were lower in patients with ligament injuries than in those with fracture alone. There was no nonunion or fracture displacement even after early weightbearing walking. CONCLUSION: In this retrospective series, early rehabilitation after surgical restoration of ankle mortise by anatomical reduction and stabilization was shown to be successful. Earlier motion exercise and weightbearing walking can minimize fracture complications like joint stiffness or weakness in ankle fracture.
Ankle Fractures* ; Ankle* ; Arthralgia ; Classification ; Exercise ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heel ; Humans ; Incidence ; Joints ; Ligaments ; Male ; Pain, Postoperative ; Rehabilitation* ; Retrospective Studies ; Walking ; Weight-Bearing

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study is to compare the effects on the pharyngeal airway space of skeletal anchored face mask with those of tooth-borne facemask. METHODS: We used two types of facemask for maxillary protraction, the tooth-borne facemask (TBFM) and the skeletal anchored facemask (SAFM), and evaluated the effects of each facemask on the pharyngeal airway. Twenty-eight patients (mean age 10.3 years) were treated with the TBFM and 24 patients (mean age 11.2 years) were treated with the SAFM. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken before treatment (T1) and after treatment (T2) to assess changes in the dimensions of the upper airway. Statistical analysis was performed with independent t tests, matched t tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS: There were marked increases in upper airway dimensions in both groups following treatment, but the SAFM group had a significantly greater increase in airway dimensions than the TBFM group. Also, the SAFM subgroups showed more improved airway measurements than the TBFM subgroups in both the superior and inferior pharyngeal airways. CONCLUSIONS: SAFM is more effective than TBFM in increasing upper airway dimensions.
Humans ; Masks ; Methods*

Hobnail hemangioma, also known as "targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma", represents a distinctive benign vascular tumor, characterized histologically by a biphasic growth pattern of dilated vascular structures lined by prominent hobnail endothelial cells in the superficial dermis, and collagen dissection by angulated vessels in deeper parts of the lesion. It is important to distinguish this tumor from patch stage Kaposi's sarcoma, retiform hemangioendothelioma and progressive lymphangioma. We report a 26-year-old man showing typical clinical and histological features of hobnail hemangioma.
Adult ; Collagen ; Dermis ; Endothelial Cells ; Hemangioendothelioma ; Hemangioma* ; Humans ; Lymphangioma ; Sarcoma, Kaposi

There is no clear consensus on the optimal treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture. Recently, studies have demonstrated the critical role of functional rehabilitation in the treatment of ruptured Achilles tendons. Hence, conservative treatment is preferred by a growing number of surgeons seeking to treat the condition without the risk of complications from surgery. However, operative treatment is still considered as a more reliable treatment option for acute Achilles tendon rupture. In this review article, we provide an overview of recent treatment strategies for acute rupture of the Achilles tendon.

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a rare, benign odontogenic tumor that predominantly appears in the second decade of life in female patients. Most AOTs occur in the anterior part of the maxilla and are usually associated with impacted anterior teeth. There are three types of AOT, follicular, extrafollicular, and peripheral, which are classified based on the location of the lesion and its association with the impacted tooth. We report a rare case of AOT associated with an impacted right mandibular lateral incisor in an 11-year-old female patient.
Child ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor* ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Odontogenic Tumors* ; Tooth ; Tooth, Impacted