This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of the C-factor on the bond strength of a 6th generation self-etching system by measuring the microtensile bond strength of four types of restorations classified by different C-factors with an identical depth of dentin. Eighty human molars were divided into four experimental groups, each of which had a C-factor of 0.25, 2, 3 or 4. Each group was then further divided into four subgroups based on the adhesive and composite resin used. The adhesives used for this study were AQ Bond Plus (Sun Medical, Japan) and Xeno III (DENTSPLY, Germany). And composite resins used were Fantasista (Sun Medical, Japan) and Ceram-X mono (DENTSPLY, Germany). The results were then analyzed using one-way ANOVA, a Tukey's test, and a Pearson's correlation test and were as follows. 1. There was no significant difference among C-factor groups with the exception of groups of Xeno III and Ceram-X mono (p < 0.05). 2. There was no significant difference between any of the adhesives and composite resins in groups with C-factor 0.25, 2 and 4. 3. There was no correlation between the change in C-factor and microtensile bond strength in the Fantasista groups. It was concluded that the C-factor of cavities does not have a significant effect on the microtensile bond strength of the restorations when cavities of the same depth of dentin are restored using composite resin in conjunction with the 6th generation self-etching system.
Adhesives ; Composite Resins ; Dentin ; Dentin-Bonding Agents ; Humans ; Molar

PURPOSE: To assess the macular thickness changes after cataract surgery in diabetic patients using optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 104 diabetic patients who underwent cataract surgery. We examined the changes of macular thickness using OCT before cataract surgery and 1 week, 1-, 2- and 6-months after surgery. The central subfield mean thickness (CSMT) was used to evaluate macular edema which was defined as an increase of CSMT (DeltaCSMT) > 30% from the baseline. The association between prior laser treatment or severity of diabetic retinopathy and macular thickness were also analyzed. RESULTS: Macular edema occurred in 19 eyes (18%) from the diabetic group and 63% of macular edema developed at 1 month after surgery. Thirteen (68%) out of 19 eyes with macular edema showed the resolution of macular edema by 6 months after surgery without treatment. DeltaCSMT of eyes without a history of laser treatment was statistically greater compared to eyes with a history of laser treatment in at 1- and 2-months after surgery, but was not different than eyes who had laser treatment at 6-months after surgery. The severity of diabetic retinopathy was not significantly correlated to macular edema, but there was statistical difference when patients who had a history of prior laser treatment were excluded. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of macular edema after cataract surgery in diabetic patients was 18%. Its peak incidence was at 1 month post surgery and it resolved spontaneously in 68% of patients by 6 months post surgery. Prior laser treatment might prevent postoperative macular edema until 2 months after cataract surgery in diabetic patients. However, macular edema did not affect the severity of diabetic retinopathy.
Aged ; Cataract/*complications ; *Cataract Extraction ; Diabetic Retinopathy/complications/*pathology ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Macula Lutea/*pathology ; Macular Degeneration/etiology/pathology ; Male ; Postoperative Period ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Time Factors ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Acuity

Aneurysms arising from the ophthalmic artery itself are very rare compared with aneurysms originating from the bifurcation of the ophthalmic artery and carotid artery. There was only one reported case of a ruptured aneurysm of the ophthalmic artery itself. We discuss clinical significance of an aneurysm at this site, as well as the role of three dimentional image of multislice computed tomography angiogram(3D-image of MCTA) in determining the cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH).
Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, Ruptured* ; Carotid Arteries ; Multidetector Computed Tomography ; Ophthalmic Artery*

The pathological manifestation of the patient with convulsive seizures has not been clearly proved mostly until the clinical use of brain computerized tomography. The brain C.T. findings, anamnesis, clinical diagnosis in the 133 consecutive patients who admitted to this hospital because of convulsive seizures from Oct. 1981 to Feb. 1983 were analyzed and literature review was made. 1) The C.T. scan revealed structural abnormalities in 46% of patients with seizure disorders, and cortical atrophy non-specific granuloma etc. 2) The older patients had a high rate of abnormal findings in the brain C.T. than younger patients. 3) The patients having short duration of disease history had higher rate of abnormal C.T. findings. 4) The patients with focal seizure had higher abnormal findings than generalized seizure. 5) The patients with seizure only showed C.T. abnormalities in 22% of cases inspite of patients with positive neurological findings showing C.T. abnormalities in 80% of cases. 6) The patients with temporal lobe lesion showed focal seizures usually in higher rate in compare with the patients with lesion in other part of brain.
Atrophy ; Brain* ; Diagnosis ; Epilepsy ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Seizures* ; Temporal Lobe ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Chordoma

This report aimed to provide a summary of the 2023 survey results on the external quality assessment (EQA) scheme for the general transfusion medicine test and general transfusion antibody test programs in Korea. Proficiency testing materials were prepared at the Asan Medical Center for biannual distribution to participating laboratories. The accuracy rates and number of participating laboratories were as follows: ABO typing, 99.8%–100.0% (n=940, n=940); RhD typing, 99.8%–100.0% (n=924, n=918); crossmatching, 95.6%–99.4% (n=802, n=825); unexpected antibody screening, 99.4–100.0% (n=358, n=358); direct antiglobulin test (DAT) using a polyspecific reagent, 99.3%–100.0% (n=296, n=292); DAT using anti-immuno globulin G monospecific reagent, 100.0% (n=76, n=76); and DAT using antiC3d monospecific reagent, 97.3%–100.0% (n=73, n=73). The 2023 EQA scheme for transfusion medicine program has improved and maintained the standards of the participating laboratories.

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a disorder of male sexual differentiation caused by mutations within the androgen receptor gene, represents a variety of phenotypes from females with 46,XY karyotype over individuals with ambiguous genitalia to infertile males. Single base mutations resulting in amino acid substitution represent the most common mutations of the androgen receptor (AR) gene and are associated with complete AIS. The location of the gonads can be variable including, the intra-abdominal cavity, the labioscrotal folds, and the inguinal regions. Testicular descent is a two-stage process comprising transabdominal and transinguinal phases. The first phase is not controlled by androgen and may be regulated by mullerian inhibiting substance, by contrast the second phase is androgen dependent. Recently we have identified a point mutation CGA to TGA at position 607 of exon 3 in complete AIS patient, so we report it with brief review of literatures.
Amino Acid Substitution ; Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome* ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Exons ; Female ; Gonads ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Male ; Ovary* ; Phenotype ; Point Mutation ; Receptors, Androgen* ; Sex Differentiation ; Testis*

PURPOSE: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1(HIF-1) is a transcriptional activator of genes whose products are involved in systemic, local, and cellular responses to hypoxia. We investigated the effect of androgen deprivation on the expression of HIF-1alpha and related proteins in the penile corpus cavernosum of castrated rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats(250~350 gm) were divided into 3 groups of 10 each: sham operation(group 1), bilateral orchiectomy(group 2), and bilateral orchiectomy plus hormone replacement(group 3). Testosterone propionate(2 mg/day for 4 weeks) was used for hormone replacement. At 4 weeks after surgery, serum testosterone and erythropoietin were measured, and the expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF were examined by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot of corpus cavernosum. RESULTS: There was no significant change in serum erythropoietin among the three groups. HIF-1alpha and VEGF immuno-positive cells were dense in vascular endothelium and cavernosal smooth muscle and showed more intense staining in the orchiectomy group compared with the control and sham operation groups. The amount of HIF-1alpha and VEGF proteins detected by Western blot were also increased in the orchiectomy group compared with the control and sham operation groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that increased HIF-1alpha expression in the penile tissue of castrated rat results from adaptive responses to hypoxia, and testosterone deprivation may contribute to hypoxic injury in the cavernosal microenvironment.
Adult ; Animals ; Anoxia ; Blotting, Western ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Erythropoietin ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth ; Orchiectomy ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Testosterone ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

We report a case of therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia after low-dosed topoisomerase II inhibitor (etoposide) treatment for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). A 62-yr-old female patient had previously been treated with a HLH-94 protocol containing a low-dose of etoposide (total dose of 300 mg/m2). Thirty-one months later, the patient was admitted to the hematology department with general weakness and upper respiratory infection symptoms. Peripheral blood smear and bone marrow study revealed acute monocytic leukemia. There was no evidence of myelodysplastic syndrome, and a cytogenetic study showed no chromosomal abnormalities.
Bone Marrow/pathology ; Etoposide/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/*chemically induced/*diagnosis/therapy ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/complications/*drug therapy ; Middle Aged

PURPOSE: Raman spectroscopy is a vibrational spectroscopic technique, which is capable of providing details on the chemical composition, molecular structure and molecular interactions in cells and tissues. The primary objective of this study was to explore Raman spectroscopy for the detection of spectral changes between normal and cancer tissue in the stomach. METHODS: Tissue specimens were obtained from the resected stomach of advanced gastric cancer patients. The normal gastric and cancer tissues were harvested from the middle, lower portion of the stomach and from the tumor mass, respectively. 19 sets (antrum, body and cancer) of spectral data, with clearly defined histopathological findings, were selected in this study. FT-Raman spectroscopy (Bruker Inc., Karsruhe, Germany) was used for tissue Raman studies, with excitation at 1, 064 nm. The Raman spectra from the gastric tissue specimens were obtained with a 20 minute signal acquisition time. RESULTS: In the range 700~1, 900 cm-1, the Raman spectra of gastric antral tissue were dominated by a number of vibrational modes of biomolecules, such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. The Raman spectrum pattern of gastric body tissue was similar to that of the antrum, suggesting the structure and composition between the gastric antrum and body are much the same. The Raman spectra differed significantly between the normal and malignant cancer tissues, with cancers showing higher percentage signals for protein, lipid and nucleic acid compared to normal tissue (P<0.05). Difference were observed in the shapes of the Raman spectra between the normal and cancer tissues, particularly in the spectral ranges 1, 250~1, 255, 1, 330~1, 340 and 1, 440~1, 450 cm-1, which contain signals relating to protein and lipid conformations and CH2 bending mode of nucleic acids. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the ability of Raman spectroscopy to detect biochemical changes in malignant gastric tissue, and may become a useful adjunct to pathological diagnosis allowing guided biopsies and assessment of adequacy of resection margins.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Nucleic Acids ; Pyloric Antrum ; Spectrum Analysis ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman* ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Stomach*