PURPOSE: This study was conducted to assess the effects of lights-out at nighttime on body weight, physiological variables, and behavioral status in premature infants and to provide basic data for applying lights-out at night time in premature infants. METHODS: Premature infants of over 32 weeks' corrected age were included in this study (January 2015-June 2015), and were allocated to two groups according to the lights-out at night for 5 hours: study group and control group. Lights-out was applied to the study group from midnight for five hours in a quiet environment. RESULTS: Fifty-two infants were included in the study: 26 in the study group and 26 in the control group. Growth rates of body weight, height, and head circumference were higher in the study group compared to the control group, but there were no statistical differences. In the physiological variables, heart rate decreased by 6.9 beats per minute in the study group, but it increased by 2.7 beats per minute in the control group (P<0.0001) during applied 5 hours at night. Anderson Behavioral State Score decreased in the study group compared to the control group (P=0.042). CONCLUSION: Lights-out at night decreased the heart rate and made the behavioral status more stable. To understand the effects of lights-out on long-term growth and development of premature infants at the highest risk of delayed growth and development, further studies with a larger number of premature infants are needed.
Body Weight* ; Circadian Rhythm ; Growth and Development ; Head ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature*

The terminal differentiation of odontoblasts is characterized by specific molecular markers that reflect their functional maturity.This review explores both canonical markers, such as Dentin Sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), Dentin Matrix Protein 1 (DMP1), Nestin, and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), and emerging markers like MAP1B, MAP Tau, and β-catenin. These markers offer valuable insights into the regulation of odontoblast differentiation and the maintenance of their polarized, dentin-secreting phenotype. The review further discusses the experimental applications of these markers in in vitro studies, dental tissue engineering, regenerative endodontics, and drug discovery. Canonical markers are utilized to confirm the maturity of odontoblasts and evaluate bioengineered tissues, while emerging markers reveal potential new targets for enhancing dentin repair and regeneration. Additionally, the role of signaling pathways, including Wnt5a, BMP, and integrin-mediated pathways, in supporting the structural and functional characteristics of mature odontoblasts is discussed. By consolidating current knowledge on these markers and pathways, this review aims to advance the understanding of odontoblast biology and contribute to the development of innovative strategies for dental tissue engineering and regenerative therapies.

The terminal differentiation of odontoblasts is characterized by specific molecular markers that reflect their functional maturity.This review explores both canonical markers, such as Dentin Sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), Dentin Matrix Protein 1 (DMP1), Nestin, and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), and emerging markers like MAP1B, MAP Tau, and β-catenin. These markers offer valuable insights into the regulation of odontoblast differentiation and the maintenance of their polarized, dentin-secreting phenotype. The review further discusses the experimental applications of these markers in in vitro studies, dental tissue engineering, regenerative endodontics, and drug discovery. Canonical markers are utilized to confirm the maturity of odontoblasts and evaluate bioengineered tissues, while emerging markers reveal potential new targets for enhancing dentin repair and regeneration. Additionally, the role of signaling pathways, including Wnt5a, BMP, and integrin-mediated pathways, in supporting the structural and functional characteristics of mature odontoblasts is discussed. By consolidating current knowledge on these markers and pathways, this review aims to advance the understanding of odontoblast biology and contribute to the development of innovative strategies for dental tissue engineering and regenerative therapies.

The terminal differentiation of odontoblasts is characterized by specific molecular markers that reflect their functional maturity.This review explores both canonical markers, such as Dentin Sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), Dentin Matrix Protein 1 (DMP1), Nestin, and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), and emerging markers like MAP1B, MAP Tau, and β-catenin. These markers offer valuable insights into the regulation of odontoblast differentiation and the maintenance of their polarized, dentin-secreting phenotype. The review further discusses the experimental applications of these markers in in vitro studies, dental tissue engineering, regenerative endodontics, and drug discovery. Canonical markers are utilized to confirm the maturity of odontoblasts and evaluate bioengineered tissues, while emerging markers reveal potential new targets for enhancing dentin repair and regeneration. Additionally, the role of signaling pathways, including Wnt5a, BMP, and integrin-mediated pathways, in supporting the structural and functional characteristics of mature odontoblasts is discussed. By consolidating current knowledge on these markers and pathways, this review aims to advance the understanding of odontoblast biology and contribute to the development of innovative strategies for dental tissue engineering and regenerative therapies.

The terminal differentiation of odontoblasts is characterized by specific molecular markers that reflect their functional maturity.This review explores both canonical markers, such as Dentin Sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), Dentin Matrix Protein 1 (DMP1), Nestin, and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), and emerging markers like MAP1B, MAP Tau, and β-catenin. These markers offer valuable insights into the regulation of odontoblast differentiation and the maintenance of their polarized, dentin-secreting phenotype. The review further discusses the experimental applications of these markers in in vitro studies, dental tissue engineering, regenerative endodontics, and drug discovery. Canonical markers are utilized to confirm the maturity of odontoblasts and evaluate bioengineered tissues, while emerging markers reveal potential new targets for enhancing dentin repair and regeneration. Additionally, the role of signaling pathways, including Wnt5a, BMP, and integrin-mediated pathways, in supporting the structural and functional characteristics of mature odontoblasts is discussed. By consolidating current knowledge on these markers and pathways, this review aims to advance the understanding of odontoblast biology and contribute to the development of innovative strategies for dental tissue engineering and regenerative therapies.

PURPOSE: To evaluate accuracy and reliability of program to measure facial soft tissue thickness using 3D computed tomographic images by comparing with direct measurement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One cadaver was scanned with a Helical CT with 3 mm slice thickness and 3 mm/sec table speed. The acquired data was reconstructed with 1.5 mm reconstruction interval and the images were transferred to a personal computer. The facial soft tissue thickness were measured using a program developed newly in 3D image. For direct measurement, the cadaver was cut with a bone cutter and then a ruler was placed above the cut side, The procedure was followed by taking pictures of the facial soft tissues with a high-resolution digital camera. Then the measurements were done in the photographic images and repeated for ten times. A repeated measure analysis of variance was adopted to compare and analyze the measurements resulting from the two different methods. Comparison according to the areas was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the direct measurements and those using the 3D images (p>0.05). There were statistical differences in the measurements on 17 points but all the points except 2 points showed a mean difference of 0.5 mm or less. CONCLUSION: The developed software program to measure the facial soft tissue thickness using 3D images was so accurate that it allows to measure facial soft tissues thickness more easily in forensic science and anthropology.
Anthropology ; Cadaver ; Forensic Sciences ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Microcomputers ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was 1) to analyze clinically-executed cervical lateral mass screw fixation by the Kim's technique as suggested in the previous morphometric and cadaveric study and 2) to examine various complications and bicortical purchase that are important for b-one fusion. METHODS: A retrospective study was done on the charts, operative records, radiographs, and clinical follow up of thirty-nine patients. One hundred and seventy-eight lateral mass screws were analyzed. The spinal nerve injury, violation of the facet joint, vertebral artery injury, and the bicortical purchases were examined at each lateral mass. RESULTS: All thirty-nine patients received instrumentations with poly axial screws and rod systems, in which one hundred and seventy-eight screws in total. No vertebral artery injury or nerve root injury were observed. Sixteen facet joint violations were observed (9.0%). Bicortical purchases were achieved on one hundred and fifty-six (87.6%). Bone fusion was achieved in all patients. CONCLUSION: The advantages of the Kim's technique are that it is performed by using given anatomical structures and that the complication rate is as low as those of other known techniques. The Kim's technique can be performed easily and safely without fluoroscopic assistance for the treatment of many cervical diseases.
Cadaver ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Nerves ; Vertebral Artery ; Zygapophyseal Joint