No abstract available.
Chorion* ; Chorionic Villi Sampling* ; Chorionic Villi* ; Female ; Pregnancy

The ankle is an important joint supporting the entire musculoskeletal system during standing and walking. Current opinion has emphasized necessity of anatomical reduction and rigid internal fixation for a displaced or unstable fracture of the ankle. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation of the adequate surgical operative methods and postoperative care with prognosis. The authors analysed 104 cases of ankle fracture, treated operatively in Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Dae-Han Hospital from January 1991 to December 1994, followed up more than one year. The results were as follows: 1. According to the classification of Lauge-Hansen and Danis-Weber, the most common type was supination-external rotation and type B, respectively. 2. The most common cause of injury was slip down and the others were traffic accident, fall down and direct trauma. 3. According to the criteria of Meyer, the result of treatment was good or excellent in 94 cases (90.4%) radiologically and in 91 cases (87.5%) clinically. 4. The complications were 5 cases of traumatic arthritis, 3 cases of malunion, 2 cases of non-union and 1 case of infection. 5. The early ROM exercise after accurate reduction and rigid internal fixation was very important in treatment of fracture of the ankle.
Accidents, Traffic ; Ankle Fractures ; Ankle* ; Arthritis ; Classification ; Joints ; Musculoskeletal System ; Orthopedics ; Postoperative Care ; Prognosis ; Walking

Recently, the incidence of fracture and dislocation of the proximal humerus has been increased with increment of traffic accident and industrial accident. Although most proximal humeral fractures can be treated satisfactorily by simple conservative treatment, the displaced fracture or fracture-dislocatiion of the proximal humerus demands special treatment and judgement. It has been reported that the results of the surgical treatment of the unstable fracture of the proximal humerus was better than that of conservative treatment. The authors analysed 32 cases displaced fracture or fracture-dislocation of the proximal humerus treated operatively which were followed up more than 1 year at the Dae Han Hospital from June, 1990 to May, 1993. The obtained results were as follows; l. According to Neer's classification, there were 2-part fracture in 3 cases(9%), 3-part in 17 cases(54%), 4-part in 2 cases(6%), fracture-dislocation in 8 cases(25%) and head splitting in 2 cases(6%). 2. The clinical results by Neer's criteria were excellent in 9 cases(28%), good in 14 cases(44%), fair in 7 cases(22%), and poor in 2 cases(6%) among the 32 cases. 3. The complication were limitation of motion in 4 cases, avscular necrosis of humeral head in 2 cases, nonunion in 1 case, delayed union in 1 case, ectopic ossification in 1 case and malunion in 1 case. 4. In the unstable fracture of the proximal humerus treated by accurate reduction and rigid fixation with intensive rehabilitation can be obtained, relatively satisfactory results because of the inability to maintain an acceptable closed reduction.
Accidents, Occupational ; Accidents, Traffic ; Classification ; Dislocations ; Head ; Humeral Head ; Humerus ; Incidence ; Necrosis ; Ossification, Heterotopic ; Rehabilitation ; Shoulder Fractures

Cryopreservation is able to store the surplus pre-embryos for freezing and furthermore thawing and transfer in a subsequent cycle. Cryopreserving cells which are maintaining their viability are the very complex process. This study has been carried out in order to find the effects of cryopreservation steps, freezing media and embryonic stages on the rates of viability and development of cryopreserved mouse embryos. Female ICR mice (6~8 weeks old) were induced to superovulate by sequential intraperitoneal injection of 5 IU PMSG and 5 IU hGC 48h apart. Mouse embryos were collected according to its developmental stage after the injection of hCG. Embryos were cryopreserved not only by cryoprotectant step (1 step~ 4 step) but also in a variety of media (HTF, IVF medium, D-PBS) and cell stage. The results were as follows: There is no clear advantage in these freezing media of rapid method, but 4 cell and 8 cell of slow method (2, 3, 4 step) have advantage in D-PBS. The development of embryos according to cell stage become greater in 8 cell stage. In the treatment steps of cryopreservation, the development of embryo to blastocyst was similar among rapid method, but the development of 4 cell and 8 cell embryos to blastocyst according to slow method was better than rapid method.
Animals ; Blastocyst ; Cryopreservation* ; Culture Media* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Freezing ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Mice* ; Mice, Inbred ICR

OBJECTIVES: To investigate longitudinal changes in behavior and quality-of-life (QoL) in children with sleep disordered breathing (SDB) after adenotonsillectomy (AT). METHODS: This study prospectively enrolled 148 children who underwent AT for SDB. Caregivers filled out Korean attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) rating scale (K-ARS) and Korean version of the obstructive sleep apnea-18 (KOSA-18) at preoperative 1 day, postoperative 1 month, and postoperative 6 months. Longitudinal changes in K-ARS and KOSA-18 were evaluated and compared among subgroups. RESULTS: Both K-ARS and KOSA-18 scores improved immediately at postoperative 1 month and were maintained at postoperative 6 months. The mean preoperative K-ARS scores of the non-ADHD, ADHD-trait, and overt-ADHD groups showed uniformly immediate and sustained improvements. Also, the mean preoperative KOSA-18 scores of the small, moderate, and large impact groups were significantly improved both at postoperative 1 month and 6 months. The changes in behavior and QoL showed no significant differences with regard to the aforementioned factors. CONCLUSION: After AT, we may expect immediate and sustained improvements in behavior and QoL in children with SDB regardless of preoperative symptom severity. Moreover, by performing AT, improvements in behavior and QoL are expected regardless of sex, age, allergic trait, or concurrent coblation-assisted turbinoplasty. These findings may help our colleague physicians counselling pediatric SDB patients and their caregivers.
Adenoidectomy ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Caregivers ; Child* ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life* ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes* ; Tonsillectomy

Dermatomyostis is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy characterized by progressive symmetric proximal muscle weakness and typical cutaneous lesions. The association of adult dermatomyositis and malignancy in particular has generated much attention recently. A 66 year-old male biopsy proven dermatomyositis had bloody hemoptysis 1 week ago and skin manifestation aggravated during steroid therapy in outpatients rheumatology clinic. During routine evaluation mediastinal mass was found, and following bronchoscopic biopsy confirmed small cell lung carcinoma. In Korea a few cases were reported about stomach cancer, breast cancer and acute lymphoblastic leukemia but small cell lung cancer was not reported yet. So we reported a case of small cell lung cancer developed in patients with dermatomyosits during therapy with brief review of literatures.
Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy ; Breast Neoplasms ; Dermatomyositis* ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Muscle Weakness ; Myositis ; Outpatients ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Rheumatology ; Skin Manifestations ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma* ; Stomach Neoplasms

PURPOSE: The classic technique for open reduction of subcondylar fractures is the submandibular approach. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical result of retromandibular approach to displaced subcondylar fractures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During a period of 24months we perfomed a prospective study with a retromandibular approach in 23 paients with displaced subcondylar fractures. In this article we describe clinical result in 23 patients with follow ups for 3 months after surgery. Preoperatively all patients had malocclusion and radiology demonstrated displacement. RESULT: The retromandibularl approach for ORIF was good in all case. Mouth opening(M/O) was 49mm. Occlusion was good too. Permanent facial nerve palsy was not detected. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that the retromandibular approach is a safe technique for subcondylar fractures.
Facial Nerve ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; Mouth ; Paralysis ; Prospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors of infections associated with implantable venous access ports (IVAPs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From August 2003 through November 2011, 1747 IVAPs were placed in our interventional radiology suite. One hundred forty four IVAPs were inserted in patients with hematologic malignancy and 1603 IVAPs in patients with solid tumors. Among them, 40 ports (23 women and 17 men; mean age, 57.1 years; range, 13-83) were removed to treat port-related infections. We evaluated the incidence of port-related infection, patient characteristics, bacteriologic data, and patient progress. Univariable analyses (t test, chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test) and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors for IVAP related infection. RESULTS: Overall, 40 (2.3%) of 1747 ports were removed for symptoms of infection with an incidence rate of 0.067 events/1000 catheter-days. According to the univariable study, the incidences of infection were seemingly higher in the patients who received the procedure during inpatient treatment (p = 0.016), the patients with hematologic malignancy (p = 0.041), and the patients receiving palliative chemotherapy (p = 0.022). From the multiple binary logistic regression, the adjusted odds ratios of infection in patients with hematologic malignancies and those receiving palliative chemotherapy were 7.769 (p = 0.001) and 4.863 (p = 0.003), respectively. Microorganisms were isolated from 26 (65%) blood samples, and two of the most causative organisms were found to be Staphylococcus (n = 10) and Candida species (n = 7). CONCLUSION: The underlying hematologic malignancy and the state of receiving palliative chemotherapy were the independent risk factors of IVAP-related infection.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Analysis of Variance ; Catheter-Related Infections/*epidemiology/microbiology ; Catheters, Indwelling/*adverse effects ; Female ; Hematologic Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Palliative Care/statistics & numerical data ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Vascular Access Devices/*adverse effects ; Young Adult

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is one of the connective diseases characterized by altered immunity and has a high incidence of cancers, such as malignant lymphoma, leukemia, breast cancer and cervical cancer. Lymphadenopathy is one of the clinical findings of SLE. But it is also seen in cancer metastasis. Therefore, if the SLE patient has lymphadenopathies from cancer metastasis it is very difficult to make a differential diagnosis between the manifestation of SLE and that of cancer metastasis. In Korea, there is no report on SLE associated with lymphadenopathies from cancer metastasis. This is the first report of a case of SLE with a cervical lympadenopathy that comes from the metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Breast Neoplasms ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Head and Neck Neoplasms* ; Head* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Leukemia ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Lymphoma ; Neck ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

PURPOSE: The cisplatin and etoposide had been reported to be an effective anti-tumor drug for small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer and so on. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of cisplatin and etoposide in aqueous solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cisplatin 200 microgram/ml was prepared in 0.9% sodium chloride and stored in either glass bottle or polyvinyl chloride (pvc) bag and protected from light or exposed to fluorescent light. Etoposide solution was prepared in 0.9% sodium chloride, and contained in glass bottle. Precipitating concentration was achieved using 200 microgram/ml, 400microgram/ml, 600 microgram/ml, and 1000 microgram/ml of etoposide solution. Samples were stored at room temperature and visually inspected and assayed for etoposide and cisplatin content by high-performance liquid chromatography after 15 minutes, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 24 hours of storage. RESULT: 1) Cisplatin concentration decreased less than 10% from initial concentration for 24 hours of storage, both in glass bottle and pvc bag. Stability of cisplatin 200 microgram/ml in both container were not different. and Condition of light exposure did not have significant effect on stability of cisplatin 200 microgram/ml in glass bottle. 2) The etoposide 200 microgram/ml was not precipitated and stable for 24 hours, but we could find the precipitates of etoposide with the concentration of 400 microgram/ml or higher for 24 hours. CONCLUSION: Cisplatin 200 microgram/ml and etoposide 200 microgram/ml in 0.9% sodium chloride were stable at room temperature under room fluorescent light for 24 hours.
Breast Neoplasms ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Cisplatin* ; Etoposide* ; Glass ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Polyvinyl Chloride ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; Sodium Chloride