We studied the change in intraocular pressure (IOP) in 15 consecutive cataract patients who underwent extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens implantation between Feb. 1993 and Apr. 1993 to evaluate the effect of this surgery on postoperative IOP. To evaluate the clinical usefulness of non-contact tonometer, the intraocular pressures were measured with Kowa non-contact tonometer (TM-2000, Japan) as well as Goldmann applanation tonometer. There was a decrease in IOP of 3.4±2.9mmHg (p<0.001) 3 months after this surgery and the intraocular pressure differences between pseudophakic eyes and contralateral phakin eyes at 3 months postoperatively were 2.4±3.8mmHg (p<0.05). The correlation coefficient between non-contact tonometer and Goldmann tonometer was 0.8876 (p=0.001) in the postoperative 76 eyes. Therefore, out results suggest that extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens implantation alone can be a useful surgical method in cataract patient with ocular hypertension, and non-contact tonometer was relatively accurate in measuring the postoperative intraocular pressure.
Cataract Extraction* ; Cataract* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Methods ; Ocular Hypertension

PURPOSE: To evaluate the pattern of distant lymph node metastasis in colorectal carcinoma and its correlation with distant organ metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed abdominal CT scans of 46 patients with pathologically proven colorectal carcinoma. RESULTS: The incidence of distant lymphadenopathy in colorectal carcinoma was 30.4%(14/46). The most commonly involved distant lymph node was the left paraortic lymph node below the renal hilum(9/25). The most common type of distant lymphadenopathy was solitary type(7/14) and all of these lymphadenopathies were noted in the left paraortic lymph node below the renal hilum. Six cases of left sided colorectal carcinoma showed left paraortic lymphadenopathy with solitary type. The incidence of distant organ metastasis was 17. 4%(8/46) and markedly increased if distant lymphadenopathy was multiple and confluent, or confluent type(5/7). CONCLUSION: The incidence of distant lymphadenopathy in colorectal carcinoma was not high and the most common lymphadenopathy was the left paraaortic lymph node with solitary type below the renal hilum. The possibility of distant organ metastasis was high if distant lymphadenopathy was multiple and confluent, or confluent type.
Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymph Nodes* ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the prophylactic effect of brimonidine 0.2% and apraclonidine 0.5% in preventing intraocular pressure(IOP) elevation in patients undergoing laser iridotomy. METHODS: The 24-hour, placebo-controlled, randomized, clinical trial was conducted to determine the efficacy of brimonidine 0.2% and apraclonidine 0.5% in controlling IOP after combined argon and Nd:YAG laser peripheral iridotomy. The 110 eyes(56 eyes with angle closure glaucoma, 54 eyes with narrow occludable angle) were randomized to receive brimonidine 0.2%, apraclonidine 0.5% or artificial tear(as placebo) 20 minutes before the procedure. IOP was measured before and 1, 2, and 24 hours after the procedure by masked observer using Goldmann applanation tonometry. The difference between preoperative(baseline) IOP and the highest postoperative IOP was recorded as the maximum IOP rise. RESULTS: The mean of maximum IOP rise was 1.1+/-5.6 mmHg in the brimonidine group, 1.0+/-2.9 mmHg in the apraclonidine group and 4.7+/-7.6 mmHg in the placebo group. There was statistically significant decrease in IOP in both drug groups compared to the placebo group(p<0.05). The incidence of maximum IOP rise greater than 5 mmHg was 18.2%(6/33 eyes) in the brimonidine group, 11.4%(4/35 eyes) in the apraclonidine group and 42.9%(18/42 eyes) in the placebo group. But no statistical difference was found between the brimonidine group and apraclonidine group(p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both brimonidine 0.2% and apraclonidine 0.5% were significantly effective in preventing IOP spike following laser iridotomy procedure. There was a tendency toward less efficacy with brimonidine 0.2% compared to apraclonidine 0.5%, but this was statistically insignificant.
Argon ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Manometry ; Masks ; Brimonidine Tartrate

Purpose: To determine whether previous cataract surgery affected the surgical prognosis of primary trabeculectomy with mitomycin- C (MMC) to treat exfoliative glaucoma (XFG). Methods: This retrospective, consecutive study included 51 phakic eyes and 40 pseudophakic eyes of XFG patients that had previously undergone phacoemulsification via a temporal, clear corneal incision. All patients underwent primary trabeculectomy with MMC. Complete success was defined by an intraocular pressure (IOP) <18 mmHg and an IOP reduction ≥ 20% without any glaucoma medication. The cumulative probabilities of success were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and risk factors for surgical failure were analyzed using the Cox’s proportional hazards model. Results: The mean follow-up period was 44.7 ± 28.0 months. The IOP had decreased by 4.5 mmHg in phakic eyes and 11.1 mmHg in pseudophakic eyes at the last visits after surgery (p = 0.005). The cumulative complete success rates were 78.4% at 1 year and 15.0% at 5 years for phakic eyes, and 85.0% and 31.5% for pseudophakic eyes. The complete success rates thus tended to be lower for phakic than pseudophakic eyes (p = 0.068). The risk factors associated with surgical failure were early postoperative hypotony (hazard ratio = 2.81, p = 0.016, complete success) and phakic status (hazard ratio = 1.97, p = 0.040, complete success). Conclusions The long-term outcomes of XFG patients whose pseudophakic eyes had undergone phacoemulsification prior to primary trabeculectomy with MMC were comparable to or better than those of patients with phakic eyes. Therefore, performing phacoemulsification first, followed by trabeculectomy, may be the better option if trabeculectomy is required by XFG patients with cataracts.

Purpose: To determine whether previous cataract surgery affected the surgical prognosis of primary trabeculectomy with mitomycin- C (MMC) to treat exfoliative glaucoma (XFG). Methods: This retrospective, consecutive study included 51 phakic eyes and 40 pseudophakic eyes of XFG patients that had previously undergone phacoemulsification via a temporal, clear corneal incision. All patients underwent primary trabeculectomy with MMC. Complete success was defined by an intraocular pressure (IOP) <18 mmHg and an IOP reduction ≥ 20% without any glaucoma medication. The cumulative probabilities of success were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and risk factors for surgical failure were analyzed using the Cox’s proportional hazards model. Results: The mean follow-up period was 44.7 ± 28.0 months. The IOP had decreased by 4.5 mmHg in phakic eyes and 11.1 mmHg in pseudophakic eyes at the last visits after surgery (p = 0.005). The cumulative complete success rates were 78.4% at 1 year and 15.0% at 5 years for phakic eyes, and 85.0% and 31.5% for pseudophakic eyes. The complete success rates thus tended to be lower for phakic than pseudophakic eyes (p = 0.068). The risk factors associated with surgical failure were early postoperative hypotony (hazard ratio = 2.81, p = 0.016, complete success) and phakic status (hazard ratio = 1.97, p = 0.040, complete success). Conclusions The long-term outcomes of XFG patients whose pseudophakic eyes had undergone phacoemulsification prior to primary trabeculectomy with MMC were comparable to or better than those of patients with phakic eyes. Therefore, performing phacoemulsification first, followed by trabeculectomy, may be the better option if trabeculectomy is required by XFG patients with cataracts.

PURPOSE: Relapses are a major problem in children with steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome(SRNS). This study has been performed to determine the predictive factors for relapse in children with SRNS. METHODS: The study group consisted of 73 children with SRNS who had been admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Hospital, over 6 years from 1996 to 2001. The medical records were reviewed retrospectively and analyzed to determine significant relationships between selected variables[age at onset, sex, laboratory data, the rapidity of response(days to remission), interval to first relapse] and the frequency of relapse. RESULTS: The age(mean+/-SD) of patients was 4.53+/-2.53 years old. The male to female ratio was 52:21. In 95%, 39 out of the 41 children had a renal biopsy, and the final diagnosis was minimal change nephrotic syndrome. There was no significant correlation between the frequency of relapse and the following variables:age at onset, sex, and presence of hematuria. However, the rapidity of response correlated well with the frequency of relapse, especially during the first year after the onset of the disease(P=0.006). CONCLUSION: The rapidity of response is expected to be one of the predictive factors for relapse in children with SRNS.
Biopsy ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Records ; Nephrosis, Lipoid ; Nephrotic Syndrome* ; Pediatrics ; Recurrence* ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: In this study, we investigated the frequency and risk factors for early postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation after phacoemulsification in patients with a prior trabeculectomy. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of 200 eyes (172 patients, study group) with filtering bleb after previous trabeculectomy and 207 eyes (144 patients, control group) without previous trabeculectomy, who underwent temporal clear corneal phacoemulsification with posterior chamber lens implantation. Twelve possible risk factors including age, gender, glaucoma type, interval from trabeculectomy to phacoemulsification, axial length, preoperative IOP, preoperative bleb morphology (height, vascularity), glaucoma medication, and concomitant intraoperative procedures (iris manipulation, anterior vitrectomy, subconjunctival mitomycin C injection) were analyzed to identify independent risk factors using a multivariate logistic regression method. Early postoperative IOP elevation was defined as IOP value > or = 25 mm Hg or an IOP increase > or = 10 mm Hg the morning after surgery compared to the preoperative IOP. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the frequency of IOP elevation between the study group (25 eyes, 12.5%) and control group (6 eyes, 2.9%; p < 0.001). The mean early postoperative IOP (15.2 +/- 6.7 mm Hg) was significantly higher than preoperative IOP (12.5 +/- 4.4 mm Hg) in the study group (p < 0.001). Risk factors for early postoperative IOP elevation were low bleb height (odds ratio; OR = 9.995, p = 0.003) and iris manipulation (OR = 4.831, p = 0.026) in the study group while risk factors were preoperative use of glaucoma medication (OR = 3.492, p = 0.004) and iris manipulation (OR = 34.249, p = 0.009) in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Phacoemulsification increases the risk of IOP spike in prior trabeculectomized eyes, especially those with low bleb height and intraoperative iris manipulation. We suggest intraoperative and postoperative efforts to minimize intraocular inflammation and earlier follow-up examination in these patients.
Blister ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Iris ; Logistic Models ; Mitomycin ; Phacoemulsification* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Trabeculectomy ; Vitrectomy

Among the complication of filtering surgery for glaucoma, late bacterial endophthalmitis is relatively uncommon, but very disatrous and so requires a prompt and vigorous treatment. Recently, authors experienced 2 cases of late onset endophthalmitis, each developed 13 years and 15 years after filtering surgery. And we performed pars plana vitrectomy as well as medical treatment. These cases had a good response to our medical and surgical treatment with no loss of vision.
Endophthalmitis* ; Filtering Surgery* ; Glaucoma ; Vitrectomy

PURPOSE: We investigated the long-term longitudinal changes in axial length (AL), mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP), and choroidal thickness (CT) according to the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) after glaucoma surgery. The potential variables associated with CT changes were also evaluated.METHODS: This was a prospective study for 1 year after glaucoma surgery, which included 71 eyes of 71 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. The subfoveal CT (SFCT) and peripapillary CT (PPCT) were measured using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography preoperatively and 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. MOPP was calculated from the IOP and blood pressure. The AL was measured using partial coherence interferometry. Regression analysis was conducted to assess the possible association of variables.RESULTS: The AL decreased and the MOPP, SFCT, and PPCT increased significantly with IOP reduction at 1 year post-operatively (all, p < 0.001). The changes in SFCT and PPCT were significantly associated with IOP reduction at 1 year postoperatively (r = −0.519 and r = −0.528, respectively). Importantly, greater increases in SFCT and PPCT were found in patients with IOP reduction more than 30% from baseline, when compared with those with less than 30% reduction (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). The SFCT increased more significantly in patients with AL ≤ 24 mm, compared with patients with AL > 24 mm (p = 0.044).CONCLUSIONS: Reduction in the IOP, increase in the MOPP, decrease in the AL, and increase in the CT after glaucoma surgery persisted for 1 year during a long-term follow-up. These results suggested that glaucoma surgery reduced mechanical compression on the optic nerve fiber and increased intraocular blood flow.
Blood Pressure ; Choroid ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Interferometry ; Intraocular Pressure ; Optic Nerve ; Perfusion ; Prospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

No abstract available.
Polymerase Chain Reaction*