No abstract available.
Contraception*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Hepatitis B, Chronic* ; Hepatitis, Chronic*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Hepatitis B, Chronic* ; Hepatitis, Chronic*

No abstract available.
Travel Medicine

PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence,. degree, and clinical significance of non-obstructive intrahepatic bile duct di'latation encountered on follow up CT after gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed follow-up abdominal CT of 65 patients who had undergone gastrectomy with truncal vagotomy and subtotal gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma. We classified those patients who showed intrahepatic duct dilatation into non-obstructive or obstructive groups depending on the presence or absence of the lesions obstructing the duct. We also evaluated the incidence, degree and pattern, and appearance time of non-obstructive type of duct dilatation. RESULTS: Non-obstructive and obstructive biliary dilatations were present in 8 cases(12.3%) and 9 cases(13. 8%), respectively. The degree of non-obstructive group was mild in 6 cases(75%) and moderate in 2 cases (25%) who had taken cholecystectomy during the follow up period, and patterns were proportional dilatation of the central and peripheral intrahepatic ducts. It appeared on follow up CT obtained 6 to 12 months after operation in 7 cases and 3.5 months in one case. No statistical significance was noted between the type of surgery and the incidence of non-obstructive dilatation(p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Mild dilatation of the central intrahepatic ducts without evidence of mechanical biliary obstruction can be seen on follow-up CT obtained more than 6 months after gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma, and the incidence is about 12%. We think that this finding is non-obstructive and clinical evaluation is unnecessary.
Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Cholecystectomy ; Dilatation* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrectomy* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vagotomy, Truncal

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis was performed on 40 patients who had had previous lux bar spine surgeries. OBJECTIVE: To determine what factors most influenced surgical outcome and to analyze results in a series of revision lumbar surgeries. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Satisfactory surgical outcome of the revision lumbar surgery range from 28% to 82% and are rarely comparable to primary surgery. Many factors predicting outcome from repeat lumbar surgery haute been listed. METHODS: Forty patients were analyzed who had had previous lumbar surgeries. The patients were classified into 5 groups according to diagnosis: 3 Infection,5 instability,8 nonunion, 14 HNP and 10 spinal stenosis. of 40 patients,33 patients(82.5%) underwent fusion with instrumentation for repeat surgery. Their clinical course was followed for a minimum of 1 year. The number of surgery on each mpatient was 1.3 times on an average. RESULTS: Overall, 80% of patients had a satisfactory result. Obviously extruded or sequestrated HNP in MRI findings, complete block of contrast with severe radiculopathy and/or myelopathy in spinal stenosis, complete decompression, neurolysi s and fusion with instrumentation, and longer than 6 month pain relief after precious surgery were correlated with satisfactory outcome. However, the number of precious operation, age, repair of pseudarthrosis , no abnormality at surgery and combined multiple degenerative joint disease were significantly correlated with poor surgical outcome. The most common complication during repeat surgery was dural tear in 5 cases(12.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Success rate of revision surgery was low as compared to primary operation. Therefore, erroneous diagnosis and faulty surgical technique understandably lead to failure, and precise attention to preoperative and intraoperative detail can minimize these sources of error.
Decompression ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Joint Diseases ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pseudarthrosis ; Radiculopathy ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Cord Diseases ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine* ; Tears

No abstract available.

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a clonal stem cell disorder characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, multilineage dysplasia, peripheral cytopenias with normocellular or hypercellular marrow, and susceptibility to leukemic transformation. MDS represents a heterogenous group of disorders with a wide spectrum of clinical, morphological, biologic, and genetic characteristics. MDS is classified according to the World Health Organization criteria and the International Prognostic Scoring System. Risk-adapted treatment strategies have been developed in consideration of the advanced age of patients and to improve the clinical course of the disease. The pathophysiology, cytogenetic/molecular profiles, clinical characteristics and treatment modalities according to the prognostic groups will be described. In the future, a combination of treatment modalities to increase gene reactivation and to take advantage of increased expression of target genes may be critical to improve clinical outcomes. Multiple pathways may be involved in the MDS phenotype, and combination therapies, including novel agents, may be required to make further progresses in the treatment of this disease.
Bone Marrow ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Hematopoiesis ; Humans ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes* ; Phenotype ; Stem Cells ; World Health Organization

No abstract available.
Anemia* ; Humans* ; Kidney Failure, Chronic*

This study was conducted to assess macro- and micronutrient compositions in school lunch menus based on the 'Dietary Guideline' for School Lunches. Ninety-five dieticians in elementary school in Chungbuk were asked to complete a questionnaire on characteristics of the school lunch program (such as type of foodservice, food production system), the information about dietitians (such as age, education, and job history), and the extent of the use of processed foods and frozen foods. They were asked to return the questionnaire with the menus including the name and the quantity of every food ingredient offered during a week. A total of 554 lunch menus provided for a week of June 2004 were analyzed. Average nutrient content per meal was as follows; 660 kcal, energy; 92.9 g, carbohydrate; 26.7 g, protein; 21.1 g, fat; 287 microgramRE, vitamin A; 0.5 mg, thiamin; 0.5 mg, riboflavin; 29.3 mg, vitamin C; 338.2 mg, calcium; 3.9 mg, iron; and 97 mg, cholesterol. Average percentages of energy from carbohydrate, protein and fat was 56.2%, 16.2%, and 29.0%, respectively. The mean nutrient content per meal was higher in rural-type than in urban-type schools. The weekly menu of 40% of the schools provided < 55% of energy from carbohydrate, and 39% of the schools offered lunch that provided > or =30% of energy from fat. The micronutrient content was generally high when the percent energy from fat was less than 25%. Our results showed that only 52.6% of the schools provided lunches with the energy composition as in the 'Dietary Guideline' of School Lunches. Whole Milk was the major contributor to fat, saturated fatty acid and cholesterol. We suggest that school foodservices start to provide low fat milk instead of whole milk to reduce fat, saturated fatty acid and cholesterol. If low fat milk is served instead of whole milk, percentage of energy from fat and saturated fat can be reduced from 29% to 25%, and from 10.2% to 9.1%, respectively, and cholesterol could be reduced from 97 mg to 79 mg. Efforts to meet 'Dietary Guideline' for School Lunches should be made, especially to reduce fat intake, while maintaining essential nutrient intake at sufficient levels for children.
Ascorbic Acid ; Calcium ; Child ; Cholesterol ; Chungcheongbuk-do ; Education ; Frozen Foods ; Humans ; Iron ; Lunch* ; Meals ; Micronutrients ; Milk ; Nutritionists ; Riboflavin ; Vitamin A