The authors experienced a case of 54 years old female patient who had sudden loss of vision in her right eye following intranasal ethmoidectomy. The computer tomography of orbit showed that RMR muscle was entrapped to medial orbital wall and optic nerve was strained and deviated to medial wall. The fluorescein angiogram showed central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) in that eye.
Female ; Fluorescein ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Optic Nerve ; Orbit ; Retinal Artery Occlusion* ; Retinal Artery*

The authors experienced a case of 54 years old female patient who had sudden loss of vision in her right eye following intranasal ethmoidectomy. The computer tomography of orbit showed that RMR muscle was entrapped to medial orbital wall and optic nerve was strained and deviated to medial wall. The fluorescein angiogram showed central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) in that eye.
Female ; Fluorescein ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Optic Nerve ; Orbit ; Retinal Artery Occlusion* ; Retinal Artery*

264 premature infants were examed under indirect ophthalmoscopy from October 1992 to Novermber 1994. We performed clinical analysis and results were obtained as follows. The first examination was performed at 6.3 weeks of life in average, and 35(13.3%) among 264 premature infants were diagnosed as retinopathy of prematurity(ROP). Infants who were diagnosed as ROP were 1432gm on birth weight and 30 weeks of gestational age in average. There were significant difference in the duration of oxygen consumption, birth weight and gestational age between threshold stage of ROP and normal premature in fants(p<0.05). The mean time of course to prethreshold stage was 15 days, and the mean time was 10 days from prethreshold stage to threshold stage.
Birth Weight ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Oxygen Consumption ; Retinopathy of Prematurity*

The Foster Kennedy syndrome is ipsilateral optic disc atrophy and contralateral optic disc edema that is caused not only frontal lobe tumor but also another intracranial tumors and non tumorous conditions. In this case, suspected neurofibromatosis by the skin and ocular manifestations, there are glioblastoma multiforme in left temporoparietal lobe and undefined mass with bony destruction of the ipsilateral sphenoidal wing ridge. Authors asserted that ipsilateral optic atrophy was caused by direct compression of the undefined mass on sphenoidal wing ridge to the optic nerve and the contralateral disc edema was result from high intracranial pressure caused by glioblastoma multiforme.
Adult ; Anterior Chamber ; Atrophy ; Edema ; Female ; Filtering Surgery ; Frontal Lobe ; Glaucoma* ; Glioblastoma ; Humans ; Intracranial Pressure ; Iris ; Neurofibromatoses ; Optic Atrophy ; Optic Nerve ; Optic Nerve Diseases* ; Parturition ; Skin

Removal of subgingival calculus is essential for the success in periodontal treatment. Subgingival instrumentation is used for the removal of all bacterial plaque and calculus. In this study, two types of anterior curet were used on ant. teeth to conduct subgingival scaling and root planing. The remaining amount of calculus was evaluated according to type of instrument, depth of pocket, and tooth surface. 24 teeth extracted from patients being treated at Dan Kook University dept. Perio. were used. 4 surfaces per tooth a total of 96 areas were evaluated. 12 teeth treated with Gracey No. 1-2 was used as the control group and 12 teeth treated with Mini-five curet No. 1-2 was the experimental group. The 4 surfaces of the teeth(buccal, mesial, lingual or palatal, distal) were observed under a stereomicroscope and the images were captured 3 times per surfaced with a CCD. The image were observed on the monitor using a 10 x 10 grid produced with the Microsoft power point. The amount of calculus remaining was evaluated 3 times per surface. The results were as follows. 1. There was no significant difference in remaining calculus according to the pre-treatment pocket depth, and tooth position(Mx. or Mn.). 2. The Mini-five curet showed better results than the Gracey curet but there was no statistically significant difference. 3. In both Gracey curet group and Mini-five curet group the lingual(or palatal) surface showed significant difference compared to the other surfaces(p < 0.05). From the results above, it is thought that when treating ant. teeth consideration of the tooth surface is more important than the choice of instrument.
Ants ; Calculi ; Dental Scaling* ; Humans ; Root Planing* ; Tooth

Cancer may be a disease of genes, arising from genetic damage of diverse sorts-recessive and dominant mutations, large rearrangement of DNA and gene translocation on chromosomes, all leading to distorisions of either the expression or biochemical function of genes. The search for these genetic damage in neoplastic cells now is the most important in cancer research. It has been found that the cancer relevant genes were located on the specific regions of chromosomes. To determine whether epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR), P53 and bcr genes located in chromosomes 7, 17 and 22 are altered, we examined 12 neuroepithelial tumor with Southern blot analysis(five low grade astrocytoma, two high grade astrocytoma, two medulloblastoma, on oligodendroglioma, one ependymoma, one choroid plexus papilloma). The loss of heterozygosity(LOH) of EGFR gene was detected in two cases of medulloblastoma. The rearrangement of EGFR gene was detected in a case of ependymoma. The LOH of P53 gene was found in a case of choroid plexus papilloma and low grade astrocytoma. The rearrangement of P53 gene was founs id a case of oligodendroglioma. The LOH of bcr gene was observed in two cases of medulloblastoma and low grade astrocytoma. The rearrangement of bcr gene was observed in two cases of high grade astrocytoma. These results suggested that tumorigenesis and tumor development in the neuroepithelial tumor may invlove specific gene changes in chromosomes 7, 17 and 22.
Astrocytoma ; Blotting, Southern ; Carcinogenesis ; Choroid Plexus ; DNA ; Ependymoma ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Genes, erbB-1 ; Genes, p53 ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Medulloblastoma ; Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial* ; Oligodendroglioma ; Papilloma, Choroid Plexus

In the last decade Computed Tomography(CT) has played a critical role in the diagnostic evaluation of the patients with focal brain injury. But it is apparent from pathologic studies that CT underestimates the severity of the many forms of cerebral injury such as primary brain stem injury, non-hemorrhagic cortical contusion and diffuse axonal injury(DAI). Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI), however, has been shown to be highly sensitive in detecting diffuse brain injury(DBI). Among the consecutive 13 cases of DBI patients in this series for 10 months, twelve patients were verified as MR evidence of injury in prospective studies. The anatomical distribution of the injuries were 11 cases of corpus callosal lesion, 6 cases of lobar white matter lesion, 1 case of primary brain stem lesion. The sensitivities of MR imaging in detecting the primary lesion were 76.9%(10/13) in T1WI and 92.3%(12/13) in T2WI. In DBI, patients with callosal injuries had higher incidence(8/12) than lobar white matter and primary brain stem lesion, the corpus callosal atrophy by midsaggital MR imaging and behavioral seguellae in survivous of severe head injury implicate the corpus callosal injury and degeneration. More accurate detection and delineation of traumatic lesions with MR should permit more accurate prediction of neurologic and cognitive recovery and assist in optimizing form of treatment.
Atrophy ; Axons ; Brain ; Brain Injuries* ; Brain Stem ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Prospective Studies

To evaluate the effectiveness and to find out which grade(clinical and computed tomography) of subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) patients are most effected with the medication of the calcium antagonist, we did this study. We selected 339 cases(study cases) among a total of 603 cases of SAH who were admitted to our hospital from Sept. 1982 to Aprial 1991. The criteria of study cases are patients who were admitted and who had a brain computed tomography(CT) taken within 3 days after the SAH and who had a clinical grade(Hung & Hess) on admission between I-IV. We divided study cases into 3 groups. Group I:surgery was done more than 7 days after the SAH and together with non-surgical patients, no medication was used(N=126). Group II:surgery was done more than 7 days after teh SAH and together with non-surgical patients medication of the calcium antagonist was given orally(N=120). Group III:surgery was done more than 7 days after the SAH and together with non-surgical patients, medication of nimodipine intravenously was given, and also patients, medication of nimodipine intravenously was given, and also patients who received surgery did within 3 days after the SAH were given intravenous injection and cisternal irrigation of nimodipine(N=93). We compared the overall management outcome and the incidence of delayed ischemic dificit(DID) and unfavorable outcome due to DID in each group. We also analyzed the causes of unfavorable outcome according to the clinical grade on admission and the amount of blood in the cistern seen on the brain CT in each group. The results of this study showed that overall management outcome was improved by using the calcium antagonist. The calcium antagonist reduced the incidence of DID as well as the unfavorable outcome related to DID. In clinical grade III patients on admission, the unfavorable outcome due to DID was significantly lower in group II and III than in I(group I vs. II:p<0.05, group I vs. III:P<0.01). In cases with a large amount of blood in the cistern seen on the brain CT, the unfavorable outcome was significantly lower in groups II and III than in I(group I vs. II:p<0.01, group I vs. III:p<0.05). We conclude that the overall management outcome of aneurismal SAH patients may be improved by using a calcium antagonist and the effect of the calcium antagonist is prominent in clinical grade III patients on admission and patients with a large amounts of blood in the cistern seen on the brain CT.
Aneurysm* ; Brain ; Calcium* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Injections, Intravenous ; Nimodipine ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage*

We undertook a retrospective analysis of 30 patients admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery Dongsan Medical Center Keimyung University utilizing Magnetic Resonanace Imaging(MRI) to make diagnosis and surgical indication of degenerative cervical spine lesions. All patients were taken T1 Weighted Image(T1W1) T2 Weighted Image(T2WI) and gradient echo image on 2.0 Tesla unit. Pre- and postoperative MRI were obtained seven of 15 cases with myelopathy. All patients could be evaluated the extent and degree of disc herniation, osteophytes and cord compression. A focal area of High-Signal-Intensity(HIS) was observed on T2WI in 15 patients with mydlopathy predominantly. HIS diminished postoperatively in the patients who improved clinically and remained the same in one case whose condition remained unchanged after decompression. We think MRI with high resolution images in the initial procedure of choice in decision-making of patients with degenerative cervical spine lesion. Furthermore HIS of the spinal cord produced by compressive lesions appears to be an important indicator for predicting prognosis of patients with myelopathy.
Decompression ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurosurgery ; Osteophyte ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Cord Diseases ; Spine*

It is well known that stereotaxic urokinase(UK) irrigation through a catheter is one of surgical methods in the management of hypertensive intracerebral hematoma(ICH) patients. Several authors recommended irrigation with 6000 IU UK, 4 times per a day. Based on authors' experience some patients who were managed with above protocol suffered from complications such as meningitis and/or pneumonia. It might be partially caused by prolonged duration of irrigation and immobilization of the patients. In order to reduce complications and to improve the final outcome of hypertensive ICH patients, we tried high dose UK irrigation(group II:irrigation with 50ml of normal saline mixed with 200,000 IU UK at immediate postoperative period, followed by two times of 20,000 IU UK irrigation per a day) to remove the ICH rapidly in those patients since Oct. 1991. We compared the rate of decreasing volume of hematoma, Glasgow coma scale(GCS) score change according to postoperative period, final outcome, and the rate of complications between this group(group II) and group I(4 times irrigation with 6,000 IU UK per a day). The results shows that the rate of decreasing volume of hematoma is slightly more rapid in group II than group I. The rate of poor outcome(vegetative and death) is lower in group II than I(group I vs. II:34% vs. 20% respectively). The rate of complication is lower in group II than I(group I vs. II:38.5% vs. 0.0%, respectively). One case(5%) of postoperative rebleeding was noted in group II. From this study, we concluded that, even if the beneficial effects are small, the high dose UK irrigation is one of protocols in the management of hypertensive ICH patients.
Catheters ; Coma ; Hematoma* ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Meningitis ; Pneumonia ; Postoperative Period ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator*