The studied was conducted to assess the health care demand and use primary health services in the communes of 10 provinces representing for 7 ecological areas countryside: Ninh Binh, Phu Tho, Bac Can, Quang Ninh, Quang Tri, Khanh Hoa, Dac Lac, Tay Ninh, Dong Thap, Can Tho. There are statistically significant differences of morbidity rate as well as health service use in genders, in ecological areas and in different economic levels. Morbidity rate in woman is higher than in men and the rate increases proportionally following older age. There are genders inequalities in using health services, especially among poor households. Women are more likely to seek self-treatment while men seeks higher quality of health care services in hospital. The different is statistically significant.
Health Services ; Women

Access to Information ; Child ; Child Health Services ; Disasters ; Earthquakes ; Humans ; Rural Health Services ; Women's Health Services

The quality of reproductive health care services at studied communes were rather good, above 50% clients answered well all 5 contents. At present, the most difficulty and obstacles to ensure the quality of reproductive health care services at health stations were lack of medical equipments, and insufficience of specialized stuff and limited abilities. In order to enhance the quality of reproductive health care services at health stations, it should be done an intergrated set of solutions: Adding specialized equipments and personnel; re-educating; Improving the attitude of services.
Reproduction ; Delivery of Health Care ; Family Planning Services ; Women ; Health

Interview investigation using questionnaires was conducted on 300 people who are householders or their partners in Lai Chau and Cao Bang provinces (155 Hmong people and 145 Dao people). The results showed some positive changes. Several families have good income (Dao 91.03%, Hmong 78.06%). the children could go school (Dao 64.83%, Hmông 72.26%) and monogamous marriage (Dao 59.33%, Hmong 55.67%). Roles of women had improved clearly. The women were respected and behaved on equal terms with men. They could decide themselves or with their husband for the problems related to family economic (Dao 82.76%, Hmông 81.94%); education of their children (Dao 61.38%, Hmong 64.52%), health care for children (Dao and Hmong 93.35%) and family planning
Ethnic Groups ; Women ; Delivery of Health Care ; Family Planning Services

Culex ; Marketing of Health Services ; Mosquito Control/*methods ; Tanzania ; Women

Adult ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Occupational Health Services ; Women's Health Services ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to identify the major factors affecting performance in health promoting behaviors in women workers at small-scale industries. METHOD: This study was based on the Pender's Health Promotion Model. The subjects for this study were 251 women workers at 23 small-scale industries in Busan city. The data for this study was collected from July 15th to August 15th 2003 by structured questionaries, and were analyzed with ANOVA, t-test, Pearson' correlation coefficient, and multiple Regression in the SPSS/WIN 10.0. RESULT: The mean performance of the health promoting behavior was 2.56. The factors related to the performance of the health promoting behaviors were social support, marital status, status of owning a house, perceived barriers to action, working time, and self-efficacy, and they explained 58.4% of the variance of the health promoting behaviors. CONCLUSION: The mean performance of the health promoting behavior seemed to be low, and the most important variable related to health promoting behaviorsof women working at a small-scale industry was social support. Therefore, intervention programs to increase the social support for women worker need to be developed.
Adult ; Female ; *Health Promotion ; Humans ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; *Occupational Health Services ; *Women, Working

OBJECTIVETo provide insight into the psychosocial factors underlying the utilisation of health services by women with reproductive tract infection (RTI) symptoms.

METHODSA cross-sectional study, adopting Aday and Andersen' s Social Behaviour Model, was conducted between 1998 and 1999 in Chinese Hebei province and Beijing. A total of 864 eligible married women (age 21 to 60 years) were face to face interviewed.

RESULTSThe percentage of self-reported symptoms of RTIs in urban and rural women was 35.6 and 46.8, respectively; the proportion of women with RTIs who utilised health services was 27.5% and 26.7%, respectively. Compared to urban women, rural women had less knowledge on RTIs and more traditional beliefs, and were more satisfied with local health services. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the common factor influencing health service utilisation in women with RTIs was current experience of RTIs. Knowledge about self-medication, perceived social stigma attached to RTIs, prior experience of RTIs, family income and perceived severity of RTIs were also predictors of utilisation of health services in rural women with RTIs. Satisfaction with health providers, information received from health providers, prior experience of RTIs, occupation and medical care coverage were predictors of utilisation of health services in urban women with RTIs.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of RTIs is high, but the rate of seeking health services is low. There is a great need for emphasizing culturally acceptable reproductive health education in different places to improve women' s ability for self-care. Regular medical check-ups for women are also important. It is necessary to improve the quality of health service, complete the reform of health insurance and alleviate women' s social stigma related to RTIs, giving women social and moral support.

Adult ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Genital Diseases, Female ; therapy ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Humans ; Infection ; therapy ; Middle Aged ; Rural Health ; Urban Health ; Women's Health Services ; utilization

Child Health Services ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Poverty Areas ; Pregnancy ; Women's Health Services

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to analyze health status of women working in traditional marketplace and their needs for public healthcare services. METHODS: A descriptive survey of 500 women working at three traditional marketplaces was conducted. RESULTS: street vendors' health status were much poorer than store merchants'. Furthermore, psychosocial factors like job stress and depression were increased in street venders. Thus, the public healthcare programs required by them included exercise programs (28.2%) and health checkup (26.8%). In addition, 31.2% of the participants reported that they needed visiting nursing care services. The rate of occupational health and safety or employment insurances was as low as 10.8%. CONCLUSION: Effective interventions including psychosocial factors for women workers at traditional marketplaces need to be developed based on these results. Also, it is recommended that public health care services such as outreach services and visiting nursing care services for women working at traditional marketplaces be provided. Furthermore, institutional provisions such as insurances for protecting these vulnerable groups' health are needed.
Delivery of Health Care ; Depression ; Employment ; Female ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Humans ; Needs Assessment ; Nursing Care ; Occupational Health ; Occupational Health Nursing ; Psychology ; Public Health* ; Women's Health*