Isotopic response is the occurrence of a new unrelated disease that appears at the same location as a previously already healed disease. In 1995, Wolf et al defined a this new phenomenon and reported eight new cases with fiftyeight cases corresponding to the definition for this phenomenon in literiture. We report two cases considered as isotopic response, urticarial vasculitis and erythema multiforme developed on striae distensae, respectively.
Erythema Multiforme ; Striae Distensae* ; Vasculitis ; Wolves

The term 'isotopic response' was coined by Wolf to describe the emergence of a new skin disease at the site of another, unrelated, and already healed skin disease; most commonly herpes zoster. In the dermatologic literature, although a number of cutaneous lesions have been observed to develop at the site of healed herpes zoster, chronic cutaneous graft-versus-host reaction has been rarely reported. We herein report two cases of chronic cutaneous graftversus-host reaction which clinically presented as an isotopic response.
Herpes Zoster ; Numismatics ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Wolves

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of motivation for treatment and to find out causes of dropping out from treatment in performing the constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT). METHOD: Forty six stroke patients were treated with CIMT for 2 weeks. Prior to and after treatment, Fugl-Meyer motor assessment (FMA), Wolf motor function test (WMFT), box and block test (BBT), and 9 hole peg test, motor activity log (MAL) were performed, and for the evaluation of treatment motivation, motivation score (MS) was assessed in 24 patients. RESULTS: After 2 weeks of CIMT treatment, the mean value of FMA increased by 15.1%, WMFT by 19.5%, BBT by 35.8%, the time of 9 hole peg test decreased by 20.2%, and the "How well" sub-score of the increased MAL was 59.6% (p<0.05). Larger improvement of FMA score was observed in patients with high MS (p<0.05). Twelve out of 46 patients were dropped, 5 patients (18.5%) among 27 right side hemiplegic patients and 7 patients (38.9%) of 19 left side hemiplegic patients gave up the treatment in the middle, and the MS score of the quitted patients (35.3 point) was lower than that of patients who did not quit (40.5 point) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: After 2 weeks of CIMT treatment, larger improvement of movement capacity was observed in patients with high motivation. Among patients with low treatment motivation and old age, many patients were dropped out during CIMT.
Humans ; Motivation ; Motor Activity ; Paresis ; Stroke ; Wolves

Since Smythe and Moldofsky proposed the first modern definition of fibromyalgia (FM), a number of different classification and diagnostic criteria have emerged. Among these criteria, the 1990 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria have been the most widely accepted in both research and clinical settings. The 1990 ACR criteria were originally established as inclusion criteria for research purposes and were not intended for clinical diagnosis, but have become the de facto diagnostic criteria in clinical settings. However, an improved clinical case definition for FM, using diagnostic criteria that can be used by both primary care physicians and specialists has been desired for a long time. For this, Wolfe and colleagues developed several sets of diagnostic criteria and their last one received the endorsement of ACR, which is now known as the 2010 ACR diagnostic criteria. Unfortunately, the new criteria have been criticized as being inconsistent, non-specific, and lacking the ability to recognize FM concurrent with other diseases. Further studies are needed to assess the acceptance, reliability, and validity of the new criteria in epidemiologic and clinical studies.
Fibromyalgia ; Humans ; Physicians, Primary Care ; Rheumatology ; Specialization ; Wolves

The isotopic response defined by Wolf et al. describes the occurrence of a new skin disorder at the site of another, unrelated and already healed skin disease. In most of the reported cases, the first diseases were herpes zoster. We report a case of leukemia cutis developed on the exact same site of previous invasive cutaneous candidiasis, regarded as Wolfs isotopic response.
Candidiasis, Cutaneous* ; Herpes Zoster ; Leukemia* ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Wolves*

We reviewed our experience with in situ treatment of ureteral stones by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL) using the wolf Piezolith 2300 device in 110 patients(114 stones) who were follow up for more than 3-months. The stone-free rate was 86 per cent(49 of 57 stones) for upper, 88.9 per cent(48 of 54 stones) for lower and 33.3 per cent(1 of 3 stones) for mid ureteral stones. The over-all stone-free rate was 85.9 per cent. For ureteral stones treated in situ the best results were obtained in non obstructing stones with 93.2 per cent and also in stones less than 10mm with 94.1 percent at 3 months after initial treatment, while the mid ureteral and impacted stones were difficult to treat successfully in situ on the Wolf piezolith device. The auxiliary measurements such as hydration with diuresis(21 cases, 18.4%), double J stent or nephrostomy(15 cases, 4.4%) were needed. Most of post-ESWL complications were mild and managed conservatively. These results suggest that in situ ESWL is an effective and noninvasive method to treat ureteral stones.
Follow-Up Studies ; Lithotripsy* ; Shock* ; Stents ; Ureter* ; Wolves

OBJECTIVE: To verify the interrater and intrarater reliability of Korean Wolf Motor Function Test (K-WMFT) for assessing upper extremity function after stroke. METHOD: Twenty patients with chronic hemiparesis after stroke participated in the study. The Wolf Motor Function Test consists of 15 functional tasks. Performances were timed and rated by functional ability scale. The K-WMFT were administered to the subjects by an occupational therapist. All test sessions were videotaped and scored by 2 physiatrists and another occupational therapist to examine interrater reliability. They were reevaluated at a later time by the same occupational therapist to examine intrarater reliability. RESULTS: Intraclass correlation coefficient of the performance time of K-WMFT was 0.94 and that of the functional ability scale of K-WMFT was 0.99. Intrarater correlation coefficient of the performance time of K-WMFT was 1.00 and that of the functional ability scale of K-WMFT was 0.97. CONCLUSION: The interrater and intrarater reliability of K- WMFT were verified. K-WMFT can be used as a reliable tool to measure upper extremity function of the stroke patients in Korea.
Arm ; Humans ; Korea ; Paresis ; Rehabilitation ; Stroke ; Upper Extremity ; Wolves*

Although the usefulness of mammography as a screening test for breast cancer is still indispute, its use topatients over 50 years of age is valid. Since Wolfe first classified the breast parenchymal patterns of mammography into 4 patterns, many authors have adopted the criteria in studying the changes of the parenchymalpatterns for certain ages and the risks for breast cancer of certain parenchymal patterns. Authors reviewed 49cases of breast masses which diagnosed by mammography and by operation during the period from January 1978 to July 1983 at St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Medical College. The parenchymal tissue patterns were classifed according toWolfe into NI, P1, P2 and DY. Risk groups were classified into low risk group (N1, P1) and high group(P2, DY). Onthe basis of these criteria, benign and malignant disease were analyzed against the breast parenchymal patterns.The results and conclusions were as follows: 1. Age ranged from 16 years to 67 years with the most prevalent agebeing 4th and 5th decades. 2. Diagnoses were; fibroadenoma 17 cases, fibrous dysplasia 16 cases, ductal papilloma3 cases, and cancer 13 cases. 3. Categorization of those 26 bening disease according to the Wolfe's criteria was:N1 6 cases, P1 10 cases, P2 9 cases and DY 11 cases. On the other hand, categorization of 13 cases of cancerwas:N1 5 cases, P1 3 cases, P2 3 cases, and DY 2 cases. 4. Of 13 cases of cancer, 8 fell in the low risk group andremainder in the high risk group. There were no significant correlation between the parenchymal patterns and theincidence of breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast ; Diagnosis ; Fibroadenoma ; Hand ; Mammography ; Mass Screening ; Wolves

The occurrence of a new skin disorder at t.he site of another unrelated and already healed skin disease is called an isotopic response. This was defined by Wolf et al in 1995. The preceding diseases are mostly herpes zosters and various other diseases, such as carcinoma, granuloma annulare can follow. There has been only one report of an acneiform eruption occurring on the healed site of herpes zoster. We report, herein, a case of acneiform eruption that had developed on a site previously affecled by herpes zoster, which is thought to be an isotopic response.
Acne Vulgaris ; Acneiform Eruptions* ; Granuloma Annulare ; Herpes Zoster* ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Wolves

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships among gender, information-seeking styles, and high risk behavior in Korean adults. METHODS: A survey utilizing a structured questionnaire was used to examine the relationships of the study variables. Eight hundred fifty six adults were recruited and this group consisted of 403 females and 453 males. Information seeking style and high risk behavior were measured by Miller Behavioral Style Scale revised by Zurren and Wolfs, and High Risk Behaviors checklist developed by Lee, respectively. RESULTS: Differences between gender were significant in information-seeking styles and high risk behavior. Monitoring and blunting scores were both higher in female than male, and high risk behavior was higher in males than females. The blunting style was positively related to high-risk behavior and the monitoring style was negatively related to high risk behavior. CONCLUSION: To intervene with high risk behavior effectively, individual differences such as gender and information seeking style should be considered. In addition, the research about well-designed health information support is needed in the future.
Adult* ; Checklist ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Individuality ; Male ; Risk-Taking* ; Wolves ; Surveys and Questionnaires