Background: The community plays a crucial role in practising effective hand hygiene to prevent disease transmission. Several studies conducted on hand hygiene practices among healthcare practitioners show positive outcomes in decreasing disease transmission particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, studies related to hand hygiene among adults in the local communities are scant. Aim: This study aimed to determine 1) the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of hand hygiene, and 2) the relationship between demographic factors and hand hygiene practice among adults in a local community in Penang. Methods: This was a cross-sectional quantitative survey combined with direct observation of hand hygiene practice. A self-administered questionnaire on knowledge and attitude towards hand hygiene, and an observational checklist of hand hygiene practice were adapted to measure the variables studied. Non-random quota sampling technique was used to recruit the required 398 sample size. Results: The study found that the level of knowledge using an internationally commonly used 12 item questionnaire was good. Attitude towards hand hygiene measured on another 7 item questionnaire was also good. A majority of the participants (73.9%) had a good level of hand hygiene practice. No significant relationship was found between age, gender, level of education, and hand hygiene practice. Conclusion Local health authorities are urged to continue to emphasise to the public on the importance of hand hygiene to reduce disease transmission in the community. Further studies are recommended to explore the possible barriers that hinder people from adopting good hand hygiene practice.
Adult ; Attitude ; Hand Hygiene ; Knowledge

Background: The incidence rate of prostate cancer spiked dramatically in the late 1980s and early 1990s. It is one of the most common cancers among men, together with lung cancer, both accounting for approximately one-third of all male cancers. This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge and attitude towards prostate cancer amongst male adults in Penang, Malaysia. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 132 adult male respondents from the general public in Penang, Malaysia. Results: Our findings showed that the majority of respondents (78.03%, n=103) have high level of knowledge regarding prostate cancer. The mean score for total knowledge was 9.1796 with SD ± 1.576. With regards to attitude, the majority of respondents (93.00%) have positive attitudes towards prostate cancer. No significant association was observed between knowledge and attitude towards prostate cancer (p>0.05). Conclusion The majority of respondents reported a good level of knowledge and positive attitudes towards prostate cancer. This study recommends that an educational program must be proposed by the local healthcare authority amongst adult males to encourage them for early screening and examination.