Objective To introduce extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) as a new minimally inva-sire spinal surgery with established correction and fusion methods to assess its clinic use for degenerative scoliosis. It is emphasized the value and highlight of this technique in spinal surgery. Methods Surgical treatment of 8 patients with degenerative scoliosis were performed with XLIF between March 2006 and April 2008. In this group of patients, 5 cases provided an anterior cage in every disc space, and another 3 supplemented with vertebrae screw fixation. Blood loss was 50 ml every procedure. To observe the low back pain, corrective rate, achieving a balanced and complications. Results The low back pain have been relieved in all patienta after operations, the disc height can be restored, allowing more room at the foraminal level for nerve roots, and lumber lordosis can be maintained. Corrective rate was 64%, there wasn't neurologic and vascular injury, 2 case had correction loss a little postoperation 6-30 month. Conclusion The potential benefits of XLIF include safe, effective, less approach-related blood loss, improved cosmetic result with smaller incisions, and reduced hospital stay for degenerative scoliosis.

Mass spectrometry technique has been very well received in the clinical lab since the commercial liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument became available. As majority of the clinical mass spectrometry assays are lab developed tests without Food and Drug Administration clearance, proper quality management of a clinical mass spectrometry method is critical to ensure reliable testing results. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guideline C62-A, a high standard and best practice guidance, has been published to address the quality management requirements of a clinical mass spectrometry method. This review describes quality management requirements of a mass spectrometry method during the development, validation, and daily operation in an accredited clinical lab in the United States. The consistency and standardization of quality management requirements of clinical mass spectrometry methods are not only the foundation of comparability of testing results, but remain as difficulties and challenges among labs.

Two common gastrointestinal cancers, namely, gastric and colorectal cancers, cause high mortality and morbidity. The development of gastrointestinal cancers usually follows stepwise processes with recognizable pre-neoplastic changes. A class of noncoding RNA known as microRNA (miRNA) is increasingly recognized to play pleiotropic functions in the multistep development of gastrointestinal cancers. Abnormal patterns of miRNA expression in gastric and colorectal cancers have been widely reported. These dysregulated miRNAs function as novel proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes by controlling cellular malignant phenotypes, including unchecked cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, enhanced invasiveness and metastasis, and angiogenesis. Moreover, certain polymorphisms in miRNA genes or miRNA-binding sites are associated with disease risks whereas detection of circulating or fecal miRNAs may facilitate early diagnosis. The prognostic functions of a number of dysregulated miRNAs in gastrointestinal cancers have also been established. Delineating the pathophysiological basis of miRNA dysregulation will further our understanding of the pathogenesis of these two potentially fatal diseases. Such efforts will also result in the development of miRNA-based biomarkers and therapeutics for the risk stratification, diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.
Apoptosis ; Biomarkers ; Cell Proliferation ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Early Diagnosis ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; MicroRNAs ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Phenotype ; Prognosis ; Proto-Oncogenes ; RNA, Untranslated ; Stomach Neoplasms

INTRODUCTIONThe device closure of atrial septal defects has evolved over the years. In the early days of transcatheter occlusion, balloon sizing was used to choose an appropriate sized device. We postulate that balloon sizing does not value-add to the procedure and is unnecessary.

MATERIALS AND METHODSPatients who had balloon sizing, with (Group 1, n = 38) or without (Group 2, n = 21) atrial septal defect closure, were compared to another group (Group 3, n = 64) who had atrial septal defect closure without balloon sizing. Although the atrial septal defect size (mm) in those without balloon sizing (Group 3) compared to patients who had balloon sizing (Group 1) (18.3 +/- 5.4 vs 14.8 +/- 5.8; P = 0.021) was larger, the Amplatzer septal occluder size chosen (mm) (21.6 +/- 6.3 vs 21.2 +/- 8.1; P = 0.693) was similar.

RESULTSWe analysed the degree of absolute sizing, defined as [(Balloon or Amplatzer occluder size) - (transoesophageal echocardiography size)], versus relative sizing, which is defined as [(Balloon or Amplatzer occluder size)--(transoesophageal echocardiography size) / (Balloon or Amplatzer occluder size)]. It was evident that there was greater absolute and relative over-sizing (6.3 +/- 4.4 mm vs 4.2 +/- 2.1 mm; P = 0.009 and 28.3 +/- 15.4% vs 20.0 +/- 7.0%; P = 0.001, respectively) in patients with balloon sizing (Group 1) compared to those who did not (Group 3). Even a greater degree of absolute (5.1 +/- 3.9 mm vs 9.5 +/- 4.7 mm; P <0.001) and relative over-sizing (24.8 +/- 15.6% vs 33.0 +/- 13.6%; P = 0.001) was observed in patients who had balloon sizing but there was no closure (Group 2) compared to those who had balloon sizing and closure of their defects (Group 1).

CONCLUSIONOur results showed that balloon sizing tended to over-size the atrial septal defect. This may have an important bearing in selecting a larger device than necessary, or even precluding transcatheter closure of the larger atrial septal defects. It is also associated with increased procedural, fluoroscopy time and cost. We suggest that balloon sizing may no longer be necessary in the protocol of device closure of an atrial septal defect.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cardiac Catheterization ; instrumentation ; methods ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal ; Female ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Septal Occluder Device ; Young Adult

*Abnormalities, Multiple/radiography ; Basilar Artery/*abnormalities ; Basilar Artery/radiography ; Carotid Artery, Internal/radiography ; Intracranial Aneurysm/*complications ; Intracranial Aneurysm/radiography ; Vertebral Artery/radiography

BACKGROUNDThe public vaccination program of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was launched during 1984 in Taiwan, China. However, the long-lasting protective efficacy of HBV vaccination among adolescents older than 15 years of age was seldom recorded.

METHODSA seroepidemiological survey was conducted among 4575 first-year university students in Taiwan, China during 2000 to 2003, including the serological data of HBV by testing HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), surface antibody (anti-HBs), HBV core antibody (anti-HBc) and demographic information.

RESULTSHBsAg carrier rate among male university students born before the initiation of the HBV vaccination program decreased from 12.8% to 4.8% among those born after the vaccination program (P < 0.001, chi(2) test for linear trend). Similarly, HBsAg carrier rate among female university students born before the initiation of the HBV vaccination program decreased from 8.1% to 2.7% among those born after the vaccination program (P < 0.001, chi(2) test for linear trend). Both male and female students in eastern Taiwan had the highest HBsAg carrier rate compared with the other places. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, compared with students born after July 1984, the adjusted OR of HBsAg carrier rate decreased from 3.10 for students born before June 1981 to 1.56 for students born from July 1983 to June 1984 (95% CI 1.96 - 4.91, P < 0.001; 95% CI 1.06 - 2.28, P = 0.024; respectively).

CONCLUSIONSPublic vaccination provides long-lasting protection again HBV infection among the university students in Taiwan, China older than 18 years of age. There is a geographic variation of HBV infection among young adults in Taiwan, China.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Carrier State ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; epidemiology ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; immunology ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Vaccination ; Taiwan ; epidemiology ; Time Factors

Adult ; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; adverse effects ; China ; epidemiology ; Demography ; Female ; Geography ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; adverse effects

Abnormalities, Multiple ; diagnostic imaging ; Basilar Artery ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Vertebral Artery ; diagnostic imaging

OBJECTIVEUsing the stable HSPA1A (HSP70-1) promoter-driven luciferase reporter HepG2 cells (HepG2/HSPA1A cells) to assess the overall toxicity of coke oven emissions.

METHODSThe stable HepG2/HSPA1A cells were treated with different concentrations of coke oven emissions (COEs) collected from the top, side, and bottom of a coke oven battery for 24 h. After the treatments, luciferase activity, cell viability, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, Olive tail moment, and micronuclei frequency were determined, respectively.

RESULTSThe bottom COEs induced significant increases (P < 0.01) in relative luciferase activity up to 1.4 times the control level at 0.15 µg/L. The low dose of side COEs (0.02 µg/L) led to a significant increase (P < 0.01) in relative luciferase activity that progressively increased to 2.1 times the control level at 65.4 µg/L. The top COEs produced a strong dose-dependent induction of relative luciferase activity up to over 5 times the control level at the highest concentration tested (202 µg/L). In HepG2/HSPA1A cells treated with the bottom COEs, relative luciferase activity was positively correlated with MDA concentration (r = 0.404, P < 0.05). For the three COEs samples, positive correlations were observed between relative luciferase activity and Olive tail moment and micronuclei frequency.

CONCLUSIONThe relative luciferase activity in HepG2/HSPA1A cells can sensitively reflect the overall toxicity of COEs. The stable HepG2/HSPA1A cells can be used for rapid screening of the overall toxicity of complex air pollutants in the workplace.

Coke ; toxicity ; Genes, Reporter ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; genetics ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Luciferases ; genetics ; Malondialdehyde ; analysis ; Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective ; Occupational Exposure ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Toxicity Tests

BACKGROUNDIntra-cerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating complication that can result from superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass in patients undergoing treatment for steno-occlusive cerebrovascular disease (CVD). There is a clinical need to find the possible risk factors to prevent ICH, as it is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity. The aim of the study was to investigate the factors associated with delayed ICH after STA-MCA bypass in patients with steno-occlusive CVDs.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the records of 163 patients seen from 2002 to 2011 with STA-MCA bypass for steno-occlusive cerebrovascular diseases at the Department of Neurosurgery, Xuan Wu Hospital, Beijing. Demographic and clinical data, including age, gender, vascular risk factors, preoperative syndrome, preoperative National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), ipsilateral ischemic lesions, classification of steno-occlusive CVDs, donor branches of STA, graft patency, postoperative hypertension, and postoperative-increased MCA velocity were recorded and analyzed. Binary Logistic regression served to identify factors associated with delayed ICH after STA-MCA bypass.

RESULTSWe identified 8 (4.9%) patients with delayed ICH after STA-MCA bypass. Patients with hypertension, preoperative stroke, ipsilateral ischemic lesions, postoperative hypertension and postoperative-increased MCA velocity were significantly more prone to experiencing delayed ICH after STA-MCA bypass. Logistic regression analysis shows ipsilateral ischemic lesions, postoperative hypertension, and postoperative-increased MCA velocity remained independent predictors for delayed ICH after STA-MCA bypass.

CONCLUSIONDespite the varied associated factors in patients with steno-occlusive CVDs, ipsilateral ischemic lesions, postoperative hypertension, and postoperative-increased MCA velocity could be associated with delayed ICH after STAMCA bypass.

Adult ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; etiology ; Cerebral Revascularization ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Temporal Arteries ; surgery