The phenolic constituents of Wikstroemia chamaedaphne were investigated by various column chromatographic methods including silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,ODS and preparative HPLC,and their chemical structures were identified by physico-chemical properties and spectral analyses. Thirteen phenolic compounds were isolated and elucidated,including five flavonoids: luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(1),luteolin 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(2),kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3),chrysoeriol 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(4),chrysoeriol(5); and eight lignans:(-)-secoisolariciresinol(6),acanthosessilin A(7),(-)-nortrachelogenin(8),(+)-isolariciresinol(9),sesamin(10),syringaresinol(11),(+)-epipinoresinol(12),and [3,3',4,4'-tetrahydro-6,6'-dimethoxy-3,3'-bi-2 H-benzopyran]-4,4'-diol(13). Compounds 1, 3, 5-8, 10, 11 and 13 were obtained from the plants of W. chamaedaphne for the first time,and compounds 1,5,7,10 and 13 were obtained from the Wikstroemia genus for the first time.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; Molecular Structure ; Phenols ; analysis ; Phytochemicals ; analysis ; Wikstroemia ; chemistry

The HPLC method was established to simultaneously determine the contents of myricetin, luteolin, apigenin and kaempferol in Wikstroemia indica ( L. ) C. A. Mey. The method was carried out on a Diamonsil C18 column (4. 6 mm x 250 mm, 5 µm) eluted with the mobile phases of water containing 0.15% phosphoric acid and acetonitrile in gradient mode. The UV detection wavelength was 365 nm. The flow rate was 1.0 mL · min(-1) and the column temperature was set at 30 °C. All the standard compounds showed a good linearity in the range of 0.100 8-1.008 (r = 0.999 2), 0.484 8-4.848 (r = 0.999 0) , 1. 354-13. 54 (r = 0.999 6), 0.316 8-3.168 mg · L(-1) (r = 0.999 0) for myricetin, luteolin, apigenin and kaempferol, respectively. The average recoveries of these four flavonoids were 98.5%, 100.9%, 99.7% and 98.9% with RSD 1.2%, 1.7%, 0.81% and 1.6%, respectively. In conclusion, the method is simple, rapid and accurate. It can be applied for the quality control of Wikstroemia indica.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; Wikstroemia ; chemistry

In this study,a method using ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry( UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was established to identify complicated chemical constituents of Wikstroemia indica. Chromatographic separation was performed on an AcclaimTMRSLC 120-C18 column( 2. 1 mm×100 mm,2. 2 μm) using gradient elution with 0. 2% ammonium formate buffer salt solution( A)-0. 2% ammonium formate buffer salt solution methanol( B) as mobile phase. The column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃. The analytes were determined by positive and negative ion modes with electro-spray ionization source. A total of 52 compounds( including eleven coumarins,thirteen flavonoids,ten lignans,two amides,four phenolic acids,six sesquiterpenes and six other compounds) were identified or tentatively characterized from the water extract of W. indica by comparing their retention times and MS spectra with those of authentic standards or literature datas. Three compounds were found for the first time from W.indica namely isomer of indicanone,β-hydroxypropiovanillone and epiprocurcumenol. Furthermore,the fragmentation rules of some compounds were speculated and summarized. In addition,the cleavage pathways of guaiane sesquiterpenes were described for the first time,which can provide reference for studying the fragmentation pathways of similar compounds. This study provides an easy way to identify chemical constituents of traditional Chinese medicine and a basis for the further study on chemical fundamentals of W. indica.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Water ; Wikstroemia ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents form stem bark of Wikstroemia indica.

METHODThe constituents were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and ODS, and identified by spectroscopic methods.

RESULTSeven compounds, daphnoretin (I), tricin (II), daucosterol (III), beta-sitosterol (IV), umbelliferone (V), genkwanin (VI), and 6'-hydroxy, 7-O-7'-dicoumarin (VII), were isolated and identified.

CONCLUSIONCompound VII was a new compound and compounds III, V were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Coumarins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Umbelliferones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Wikstroemia ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo compare the acute toxicity and content of daphnoretin among extracts of unprocessed indian string-bush root and its two different processed products, and to provide a basis for discussion of the mechanism of two processed methods.

METHODExtracts of unprocessed indian stringbush root and processed indian stringbush root with "sweat" and "artificial sweat" were prepared. The mice were intragastrically administrated once with these three extracts, the mortalities of mice were observed, and the median lethal dose (LD50) of different extracts were calculated with Bliss method. The determination of daphnoretin in these three samples was performed by high performance liquid chromatography.

RESULTThe LD50 of indian stringbush root extracts, indian stringbush root processed with "sweat" and with "artificial sweat" were 46.678, 72.190, 67.953 g x kg(-1), respectively. The contents of daphnoretin in unprocessed indian stringbush root, indian stringbush root processed with "sweat" and with "artificial sweat" were 0.189%, 0.407% and 0.345%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe toxicity of indian stringbush root processed with both "sweat" and "artificial sweat" is lower than that of the original rude drug. But the decreasion of toxicity of processed products is not by the reduced daphoretin content.

Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Coumarins ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Female ; Lethal Dose 50 ; Male ; Mice ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Toxicity Tests ; Wikstroemia ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents in stem rind of Wikstroemia indica.

METHODThe constituents were isolated by column chromatographies with silica gel and ODS, and identified by NMR, MS spectra.

RESULTSix compounds, daphnoretin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (1), quercitin (2), physcion (3), kaempferol 3-rutinoside (4), D-primev-ersyl genkwanine (5), and anabellamide (6) were isolated and identified.

CONCLUSIONAll of them were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Emodin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quercetin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Wikstroemia ; chemistry