No abstract available.
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome*

PURPOSE: To develop outcome indicators of urinary incontinence to measure quality of care in long term care hospitals in Korea. METHODS: The draft indicators of urinary incontinence were developed from a literature review and clinical expert panel. A survey of medical records of 280 patients in 20 hospitals was conducted to test inter-rater reliability. Statistical analysis was done to test risk adjustment criteria, variation between hospitals, and stability of indicators, using assessment data from 77,918 patients in 623 hospitals. RESULTS: The inter-rater reliability of items was high (Kappa range: 0.66-0.92). Severe cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR]: 3.15, confidence interval [CI]: 3.03-3.26) and total mobility activities of daily living (ADLs) dependency (OR: 4.85, CI: 4.72-4.98) increased the prevalence of urinary incontinence, thus they proved to be significant criteria to stratify high and low risk groups. The prevalence for low risk showed more substantial variation than the high risk group. The indicators were stable over one month. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the feasibility of outcome indicators of urinary incontinence. Improving the reliability of the patient assessment tool and refining the indicators through validation study is a must for future study.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Health Services for the Aged/standards ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Long-Term Care/*standards ; Male ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Prevalence ; *Quality of Health Care ; Urinary Incontinence/*therapy

No abstract available.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae* ; Mycoplasma* ; Pneumonia* ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma*

Lymphoma is the second most common neoplasm in the head and neck, and is the most common cause of unilateral neck mass in patients between 21 and 40 years of age. This report is a retrospective review of histologically proven lymphomas in 42 patients regarding histologic type, clinical stage, and CT imaging patterns. CT imaging plays an important role in making diagnosis, planning treatment, and evaluating recurrence after treatment. CT imaging patterns are classified into 4 types: Type 1 is nodal lymphoma, Type 2 extranodal lymphoma, Type 3 combined nodal and extranodal lymphoma, and Type 4 multifocal extranodal lymphoma. In conclusion, Lymphoma should be considered when multiple, nonnecrotic, homogenous lymph nodes are located in deep lymphatic chains (especially when they are large and bilateral or when both are the superficial and deep lymph node chains are involved simultaneously) and no mucosal abnormality of the aerodigestive tract is observed. Additionary, when a large nasopharyngeal mass lesion shows limited or equivocal bone destruction or a mass is identified on two sides of a nasal bone without frank destruction and when multiple sites of disease are identified in extranodal tissues.
Diagnosis ; Head* ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphoma* ; Nasal Bone ; Neck* ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

Ergone,a fungal metabolite derived from ergosterol,was previously isolated and identified from Polyporus umbellatus. Ergone is a major component of P. umbellatus known to have anti-aldosteronic diuretic effect and also displays cytotoxic activities. Most of mushroom's fruit bodies used for test contained less than 10 microg/g of ergone. But P. umbellatus have larger amount of ergone than any other mushrooms. In order to improve the ergone production from the submerged culture of P. umbellatus, several factors including medium composition,culture conditions (temperature and pH) and different combinations of co-cultivation with various mycelia were studied. Among various carbon sources examined,starch proved to be most effective for the production of mycelia. The optimum pH and temperature for a flask culture of P. umbellatus mycelia were found to be 4.5 and 25degrees C,respectively. Under the optimized culture conditions,both the ergone production (86.9 microg/g) and mycelial growth (3.5 g/l) increased when P. umbellatus was cultured with Armillariella mellea. When the optimized conditions were applied,both mycelium and ergone production were significantly enhanced.
Agaricales ; Carbon ; Coculture Techniques ; Diuretics ; Fruit ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Mycelium ; Polyporus*

PURPOSE: To report a case of persistent shallow anterior chamber after silicone tube intubation, recovered by fibrin glue in glaucoma drainage device implantation (GDI). CASE SUMMARY: A 42-year-old female, diagnosed with neovascular glaucoma at a local clinic visited our clinic for uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) in her right eye. We performed GDI on her right eye. Scleral flap and paracentesis of the anterior chamber were performed. Then, a silicone tube was inserted into the anterior chamber. Despite repetitive infusion of balanced salt solution (BSS), the anterior chamber became persistently shallow due to peritubular leakage. After dropping the fibrin glue in the peritubular space and beneath the scleral flap, attachment occurred. No additional leakage was observed near the scleral flap and after infusion of BSS, a deep anterior chamber was maintained. One day after surgery, IOP in the right eye was 3 mm Hg, deep anterior chamber was maintained, and no leakage of aqueous humor into the conjunctiva occurred. Two months after surgery, IOP was 16 mm Hg and a deep anterior chamber was maintained. CONCLUSIONS: In cases of persistent shallow anterior chamber after silicone tube intubation in intraoperative GDI, the best methods to maintain the anterior chamber is by suture ligation of the peritubular loosened site or infusion of viscoelastic agent to anterior chamber. In the present case, applying the fibrin glue beneath the scleral flap apparently obstructed the peritubular infiltration.
Adult ; Ambulatory Care ; Anterior Chamber* ; Aqueous Humor ; Conjunctiva ; Drainage* ; Female ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive* ; Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Neovascular ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Intubation ; Ligation ; Paracentesis ; Silicones ; Sutures

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a safe, simple, repeatable and cost-effective method, and has excellent sensitivity and specificity. Thus, it is generally used as a primary study for the diseases of salivary gland, thyroid gland, and cervical lymph node in the head and neck area. FNAB has a small number of contraindications and complications, but most of the complications are minor complications. However, uncommon complications had been reported in the literature. In this report, we describe a 63 yearold woman who experienced dyspnea caused by diffuse intracapsular hemorrhage of thyroid gland after FNAB.
Airway Obstruction ; Biopsy* ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Head ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Neck ; Salivary Glands ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thyroid Gland*

Peroxiredoxin-3 (Prdx3) is a mitochondrial protein of the thioredoxin family of antioxidant peroxidases and is the principal peroxidase responsible for metabolizing mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide. Recent reports have shown that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) contribute to macrophage-mediated bactericidal activity in response to Toll-like receptors. Herein, we investigated the functional effect of Prdx3 in bactericidal activity. The mitochondrial localization of Prdx3 in HEK293T cells was confirmed by cell fractionation and confocal microscopy analyses. To investigate the functional role of Prdx3 in bactericidal activity, Prdx3-knockdown (Prdx3(KD)) THP-1 cells were generated. The mROS levels in Prdx3(KD) THP-1 cells were significantly higher than those in control THP-1 cells. Moreover, the mROS levels were markedly increased in response to lipopolysaccharide. Notably, the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection assay revealed that the Prdx3(KD) THP-1 cells were significantly resistant to S. Typhimurium infection, as compared with control THP-1 cells. Taken together, these results indicate that Prdx3 is functionally important in bactericidal activity through the regulation of mROS.
Cell Fractionation ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; Peroxidase ; Peroxidases ; Reactive Oxygen Species* ; Salmonella enterica ; Serogroup ; Thioredoxins ; Toll-Like Receptors

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumor. Its incidence is less than 1 percent of all head and neck malignancies and approximately 10 percent of all salivary neoplasms. There are no clear guidelines for the treatment of ACC, but a combination of surgery and postoperative radiotherapy has been usually recommended. Subglottic cancer has a lower incidence than does laryngeal cancer, whose incidence is in the range of 4 to 6 percent of all cancers of the larynx. Because of the rarity of this tumor in the larynx, no series has been large enough to permit statistical evaluation of treatment. We report a case of adenoid cystic carcinoma on subglottis, which was treated with surgical excision and postoperative radiotherapy. The relevant literature is briefly reviewed.
Adenoids* ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic* ; Head ; Incidence ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; Larynx ; Neck ; Radiotherapy

It is debatable whether AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation is involved in anti-apoptotic or pro-apoptotic signaling. AICAR treatment increases AMPK-alpha1 phosphorylation, decreases intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and significantly increases Annexin V-positive cells, DNA laddering, and caspase activity in human myeloid cell. AMPK activation is therefore implicated in apoptosis. However, AMPK-alpha1-knockdown THP-1 cells are more sensitive to apoptosis than control THP-1 cells are, suggesting that the apoptosis is AMPK-independent. Low doses of AICAR induce cell proliferation, whereas high doses of AICAR suppress cell proliferation. Moreover, these effects are significantly correlated with the downregulation of intracellular ROS, strongly suggesting that AICAR-induced apoptosis is critically associated with the inhibition of NADPH oxidase by AICAR. Collectively, our results demonstrate that in AICAR-induced apoptosis, intracellular ROS levels are far more relevant than AMPK activation.
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases ; Apoptosis* ; Cell Proliferation ; DNA ; Down-Regulation ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Myeloid Cells ; NADP* ; NADPH Oxidase ; Phosphorylation ; Reactive Oxygen Species