We analyzed on chromosome of peripheral blood cell in comparison to hematological indices from 63 peoples between 1 and 31 years of irradiation exposure. The result showed that the aberrating rate was high in studied groups than control group significantly, especially, the rate of dysenteric choromosome. The hematological alteration is not clear yet.
Chromosome Aberrations ; Whole-Body Irradiation

This paper describes the basic date measurements for total body irradiation with 6 Mv photon beam including compensators designs. The technique uses bilateral opposing field with tissue compensators for the head, neck, lungs, and legs from the hip to toes. In vivo dosimetry was carried out for determining absorbed dose at various regions in 7 patients using diode detectors (MULTIDOSE, Model 9310, MULTIDATA Co., USA). As a results, the dose uniformity of+/-3.5%(generally, within+/-10%) can be achieved with our total body irradiation technique.
Head ; Hip ; Humans ; Leg ; Lung ; Neck ; Toes ; Whole-Body Irradiation*

This study is designed to evaluate the effect of low-dose whole body irradiation (WBI) for treatment of myasthenia gravis(MG) and changes of immunological parameters. According to MG protocol of low dose WBI, eleven patients were selected and followed up for at least one year. Clinical status and immunological parameters were assessed at the time of pretreatment (baseline) and 1, 2, 3, 6, 12 months after initial dose irradiation. The improvement began five weeks after WBI and lasted for 12-month follow-up in 7 patients (good responders) Clinical improvement and immunological changes were more pronounced in good responders. So, it is suggested that low dose WBI may have the role in the treatment of the MG as an another therapeutic modality.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Myasthenia Gravis* ; Whole-Body Irradiation*

In total body irradiation (TBI) for leukemia, we have a two methode. One is a AP (anterior-posterior) method and the other is a Lateral methode. Our hospital used lateral methode. TBI must consider about body contour, because of homogeneous dose distribution. For compensation about irregular body contour, we use compensator. For TBI treatment, we must be considered, accurate manufacture of compensator and accurate calculation of dose. We developed the automatic program for TBI. This program accomplished for compensator design and dose calculation for irregular body. This program was developed for uses to use in a windows environment using the IDL language. In this program, it use energy data for each energy: TMR, output factor, inverse square law, spoiler, field size factor. This program reduces the error to happen due to the manual. As a development of program, we could decrease the time of treatment plan and care the patient accurately.
Compensation and Redress ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Leukemia ; Whole-Body Irradiation*

The acute effects of variable dos rates to total body irradiation (TBI) were investigated with 600 cgy of single exposure in the mice as a preclinical model. Total 80 mice (ICR) were used. Twenty of which served as controls, receiving no irradiation. All irradiated mice showed a universal decline in their weight and white blood cell count. The degree of weight loss and leukopenia were similar at 3 different dos rate but slightly prominent with 15 cgy/minute group. The degree of recovery among the groups showed no dose rate dependence. Our results suggest that TBI with 15 cgy/minute may be applicable for clinical therapy with careful evaluation of patient's condition.
Animals ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukopenia ; Mice* ; Weight Loss ; Whole-Body Irradiation*

PURPOSE: Liquid beta emitter filled in angioplasty balloon could be used to perform endovascular balloon brachytherapy to prevent coronary artery restenosis. We investigated the dosimetry for Re-188-DTPA liquid-filled balloon and medical internal radiation dosimetry in case of balloon leakage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We estimated radiation dose from an angioplasty balloon (20 mm lengfh, 3 mm diameter cylinder) to the adjacent vessel wall using Monte Carlo EGS4 code. We obtained time-activity curves of kidneys in normal dog and calculated Tmax, T1/2. Using MIRDOSE3 program, we estimated absorbed doses to the major organs (kidneys, bladder) and the whole body when we assumed that balloon leaked all the isotope contained. RESULTS: The radiation dose was 17.5 Gy at the balloon surface when we applied 3,700 MBq/ml of Re-188 for 100 seconds. Fifty percent of the energy deposited within 1 mm from the balloon surface. The estimated internal dose to the whole body was 0.005 mGy/MBq and 18.5 mGy for the spillage of 3,700 MBq of Re-188. CONCLUSION: We suggest that Re-188-DTPA can be used for endovascular balloon brachytherapy to inhibit coronary artery restenosis after angioplasty with tolerable whole body radiation dose in case of balloon rupture.
Angioplasty* ; Animals ; Brachytherapy* ; Coronary Vessels ; Dogs ; Kidney ; Radiometry ; Rupture ; Whole-Body Irradiation

PURPOSE: This study was to obtain the basic dosimetric data using the 10 MV X-ray for the total body irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A linear accelerator photon beam is planned to be used as a radiation source for total body irradiation (TBI) in Chonnam University Hospital. The planned distance from the target to the midplane of a patient is 360cm and the maximum geometric field size is 144cm' 144cm. Polystyrene phantom sized 30 30 30.2cm3 and consisted of several sheets with various thickness, and a parallel plate ionization chamber were used to measure surface dose and percent depth dose (PDD) at 345cm SSD, and dose profiles. To evaluate whether a beam modifier is necessary for TBI, dosimetry in build up region was made first with no modifier and next with an 1cm thick acryl plate 20cm far from the polystyrene phantom surface. For a fixed source-chamber distance, output factors were measured for various depth. RESULTS: As any beam modifier was not on the way of radiation of 10MV X-ray the dmax and surface dose was 1.8cm and 61%, respectively, for 345cm SSD. When an 1cm thick acryl plate was put 20cm far from polystyrene phantom for the SSD, the dmax and surface dose were 0.8cm and 94%, respectively. With acryl as a beam spoiler, the PDD at 10cm depth was 78.4% and exit dose was a little higher than expected dose at interface of exit surface. For two-opposing fields for a 30cm phantom thick phantom, the surface dose and maximum dose relative to mid-depth dose in our experiments were 102.5% and 106.3%, respectively. The off-axis distance of that point of 95% of beam axis dose were 70cm on principal axis and 80cm on diagonal axis. CONCLUSION: 1. To increase surface dose for TBI by 10MV X-ray at 360cm SAD, 1cm thick acrylic spoiler was sufficient when distance from phantom surface to spoiler was 20 cm. 2. At 345cm SSD, 10MV X-ray beam of full field produced a satisfiable dose uniformity for TBI within 7% in the phantom of 30cm thickness by two-opposing irradiation technique. 3. The uniform dose distribution region was 67cm on principal axis of the bean and 80cm on diagonal axis from beam axis. 4. The output factors at mid-point of various thickness revealed linear relation with depth, and it could be applicable to practical TBI.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Particle Accelerators* ; Polystyrenes ; Silver Sulfadiazine ; Whole-Body Irradiation*

Myasthenia Gravis can be considered a lymphocyte dyscrasia. We report four cases of myasLhenia gravis, who were treated with whole body irradiation. Total of 180 rad was delivered in 9 fractions for 3 weeks with every other day treabmenL Three out of four cases showed remarkable symptomatic improvement on follow-up during 3 months.
Follow-Up Studies ; Lymphocytes ; Myasthenia Gravis* ; Pilot Projects* ; Whole-Body Irradiation*

OBJECTIVE: To evaulate the factors affecting pubertal development after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in girls. METHODS: We collected data from girls older than 14 on 2003, who had received bone marrow transplantation with or without total body irradiation. We checked their menstrual pattern, onset of menarche, growth rate before and after the transplantation using chart review. RESULTS: 41.6% of girls who took menarche before BMT mensurate regularly and 100% of girls who didn't take menarche before BMT suffered by amenorrhea. Time period from BMT to menarche is 0.6 years in the regular-menstruating group, and 2.14 years in the secndary amenorrhea group. 37.5% of girls who didn't take total body irradiation menstrate regularly, but only 15.3% of girls who took total body irradiation menstrate regularly. 100% of girls who showed decreasing growth rate after BMT diagnosed primary or secondary amenorrhea and 75% of girls showed increasing growth rate after BMT menstrated regularly. CONCLUSION: Ovary is more vulnerable before menarche. Time of menarche, time period between menarche and BMT, and radiation are the most important factors affecting ovarian function after bone marrow transplantation.
Amenorrhea ; Bone Marrow Transplantation* ; Bone Marrow* ; Female* ; Humans ; Menarche ; Ovary ; Whole-Body Irradiation

OBJECTIVE: To evaulate the factors affecting pubertal development after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in girls. METHODS: We collected data from girls older than 14 on 2003, who had received bone marrow transplantation with or without total body irradiation. We checked their menstrual pattern, onset of menarche, growth rate before and after the transplantation using chart review. RESULTS: 41.6% of girls who took menarche before BMT mensurate regularly and 100% of girls who didn't take menarche before BMT suffered by amenorrhea. Time period from BMT to menarche is 0.6 years in the regular-menstruating group, and 2.14 years in the secndary amenorrhea group. 37.5% of girls who didn't take total body irradiation menstrate regularly, but only 15.3% of girls who took total body irradiation menstrate regularly. 100% of girls who showed decreasing growth rate after BMT diagnosed primary or secondary amenorrhea and 75% of girls showed increasing growth rate after BMT menstrated regularly. CONCLUSION: Ovary is more vulnerable before menarche. Time of menarche, time period between menarche and BMT, and radiation are the most important factors affecting ovarian function after bone marrow transplantation.
Amenorrhea ; Bone Marrow Transplantation* ; Bone Marrow* ; Female* ; Humans ; Menarche ; Ovary ; Whole-Body Irradiation