An echogenic lobulated round mass in the head of pancreas was found during abdominal ultrasonography for routine checkup on a 34 year-old man. CT and MRI showed characteristic findings of lipoma. Clinical followup confirmed intrapnacreatic lipoma, which had been reported only once proviously. This lesion should be added to the list of benign connective tissue tumor of the pancreas.
Connective Tissue ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Lipoma* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pancreas ; Ultrasonography

Castleman disease is a relatively rare disease of differential diagnostic interest in patients with lymphadenophathy. The etiology and pathogenesis of the Castleman disease are still not elucidated and the MRI findings of disease has not yet been reported. Two patients with Castleman disease studied by MRI are presented: one case presented with a localized anterior mediastinal mass and the other case, with a neck mass. The lesions were characterized by relatively high signal intensities on both T1 and T2 weighted images in both cases, and significant degree of enhancement was seen in the cervical Castleman disease.
Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia* ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Neck ; Rare Diseases

CT scans of 23 patients with gallbladder carcinoma were retropectively reviewed to determine the incidence of lymphatic spread and to access the pattern of regional lymph node metastases. The lymphatic spread were noted in 74%(17/23). The involved patterns of regional lymph node metastases were nodes of porta hepatis 65%, portocaval nodes 41%, superior pancreaticoduodenal nodes 47%, posterior pancreaticoduodenal nodes 59%, nodes around the celiac trunk 35%, nodes around the superior mesenteric artery 29% and paraaortic nodes 35%. The findings suggested that the pattern of regional lumph node metastases in gallbladder carcinoma occurred along the normal lymphatic pathway of the gallbladder.
Gallbladder* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymph Nodes* ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*

CT scans of 23 patients with gallbladder carcinoma were retropectively reviewed to determine the incidence of lymphatic spread and to access the pattern of regional lymph node metastases. The lymphatic spread were noted in 74%(17/23). The involved patterns of regional lymph node metastases were nodes of porta hepatis 65%, portocaval nodes 41%, superior pancreaticoduodenal nodes 47%, posterior pancreaticoduodenal nodes 59%, nodes around the celiac trunk 35%, nodes around the superior mesenteric artery 29% and paraaortic nodes 35%. The findings suggested that the pattern of regional lumph node metastases in gallbladder carcinoma occurred along the normal lymphatic pathway of the gallbladder.
Gallbladder* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymph Nodes* ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*

No abstract available.

Background: According to the results of the age-standardized suicide rate (suicide deaths per 100,000 population) published by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries from 2003 to 2019, the suicide rate in Korea is ranked first almost every year, so it should be managed at the national level. To reduce the suicide rate, many scholars are studying suicide. The suicidal process begins with suicidal ideation, progresses through suicide attempts, and ends with suicide. Among them, the frequency of suicidal thoughts was found to be highly correlated with suicide plans and attempts, and it is said that 60% of those who change from suicidal ideation to attempts appear within one year. Therefore, research related to suicidal ideation to lower the suicide rate will contribute to preventing suicide at an early stage. Methods: This study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Among them, data from 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2019 surveyed adults were compared for suicidal ideation among 18,339 adults. Considering the characteristics of the KNHANES data, complex sample analysis was performed considering the primary extraction unit (region), stratification variables, and weights. The Rao-Scott χ 2 test was stratified by age group to confirm the distribution of suicidal ideation according to general characteristics. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to understand the effect on suicidal ideation. Results: Among all subjects, the rate of suicidal ideation was 4.75%, and among the age groups, the rate of suicidal thoughts was the highest among those over 80 years old (10.39%). Compared to those who were 50s, those in their 30s had the lowest suicidal ideation (odds ratio [OR], 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39–0.70), and those in their 80s had the highest rate of suicidal ideation (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.38–2.82). Except for those in their 20s, the rate of suicidal ideation tends to increase with age. Overall, the lower 25% of the Euro Quality of Life–5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) index, depression lasting more than two weeks, and subjects with poor subjective health or high stress were more likely to have suicidal ideation.In particular, EQ-5D Index (OR, 5.86; 95% CI, 3.73–9.20), depressive symptoms (OR, 19.65; 95% CI, 9.94–38.83) in 20s, and stress in 80s (OR, 10.87; 95% CI, 5.63–20.96) was the highest, and those had the good subjective health perception in 30s (OR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.05–0.20) was lowest. Participants in their 30s, 40s, and 60s who were divorced or widowed and those in their 50s and 60s who had never married or lived together were more likely toconsider suicide ideation. Except for those in their 20s and 80s, the rate of suicidal ideation tends to increase with lower household income levels. Conclusions In the results of this study, it can be seen that a combination of factors such as a person’s personality traits, stress or coping ability to various events, social support, and mental or physical limitations influence suicidal behavior. Suicidal ideation is not simply affected by a single factor but may be influenced by multiple factors.

There have been few reports on fibrous dyplasia associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism. We report a case of a hemodialysis patient with secondary hyperparathyroidism concomitant with fibrous dysplasia of the jaws causing an abnormal facial deformity.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary* ; Jaw* ; Renal Dialysis

The purpose of the study was to investigate the characteristics of the pronunciation of Korean vowels in patients with class III malocclusion. 11 adult male patients with class III malocclusion(mean ages 22.3 years) and four adult males with normal occlusion(mean ages 26.5 years) were selected for the analysis of eight Korean monophthongs /i, e, e, a, eo, o, eu, u/. The values and relationships of F1, F2 and F3 were derived from the stable section of target vowel in each sentence, and the analysis using formant plots and vowel triangles' distance and area was conducted to find the features of two groups' vowel distributions. Consequently, it was identified that the pronunciation of males patients with class III malocclusion showed high values of F1 in the low vowels, high values of F2 in the back vowels, and remarkably low position of /a/. The vowel triangle suggested that the triangle areas of male patients with class III malocclusion were shown wider vertically and narrower horizontally than those of males with normal occlusion. These characteristics could reflect the structural features of class III malocclusion such as the prognathic mandible, low tongue position, and advancement of back position of the tongue.
Acoustics ; Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion ; Mandible ; Tongue

Background: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is an important marker highly associated with cardiovascular disease. Since the direct measurement of it is inefficient in terms of cost and time, it is common to estimate through the Friedewald equation developed about 50 years ago. However, various limitations exist since the Friedewald equation was not designed for Koreans. This study proposes a new low-density lipoprotein cholesterol estimation equation for South Koreans using nationally approved statistical data. Methods: This study used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2009 to 2019. The 18,837 subjects were used to develop the equation for estimating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The subjects included individuals with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels directly measured among those with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol measured. We compared twelve equations developed in the previous studies and the newly proposed equation (model 1) developed in this study with the actual low-density lipoprotein cholesterol value in various ways. Results: The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol value estimated using the estimation formula and the actual low-density lipoprotein cholesterol value were compared using the root mean squared error. When the triglyceride level was less than 400 mg/dL, the root mean squared of the model 1 was 7.96, the lowest compared to other equations, and the model 2 was 7.82. The degree of misclassification was checked according to the NECP ATP III 6 categories. As a result, the misclassification rate of the model 1 was the lowest at 18.9%, and Weighted Kappa was the highest at 0.919 (0.003), which means it significantly reduced the underestimation rate shown in other existing estimation equations. Root mean square error was also compared according to the change in triglycerides level. As the triglycerides level increased, the root mean square error showed an increasing trend in all equations, but it was confirmed that the model 1 was the lowest compared to other equations. Conclusion The newly proposed low-density lipoprotein cholesterol estimation equation showed significantly improved performance compared to the 12 existing estimation equations. The use of representative samples and external verification is required for more sophisticated estimates in the future.

BACKGROUND: The knowledge about the nucleotides sequence of 9th chromosome that regulates the phenotype of ABO blood group has made the ABO genotyping possible. Since the genotyping can be done with only a small amount of DNA sample, it was primarily applied to the field of forensic medicine. When applied to the blood bank, it is useful in the resolution for ABO discrepancies between the cell and serum typing and determination of A and B subgroups. Rapid ABO genotyping using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method and its value in determination of ABO subgroups is presented. METHODS: ABO genotyping was performed in seven patients and three families, seven were the cases of ABO discrepancies in routine ABO grouping and three families were for the confirmation of the ABO group. To identify the 261th nucleotide, a 252 bp PCR amplifed fragment was amplified by PCR and digested with Kpn I. For 703th nucleotide, a 128 bp PCR amplified fragment was designed and digested with Alu I. To determine the ABO genotype, the patterns of digestion in DNA fragment were examined. RESULTS: Among the seven cases of ABO discrepancies, B3 and Ael were two cases each. Weakened B due to leukemia was the one, and the other two cases were cis-AB and Am. The three families for confirmation of the ABO group were acquired B due to infection one family, cis-AB two families. CONCLUSIONS: ABO genotyping is a rapid and reliable method that can be used in the case of ABO discrepancies and determination of ABO subgroups.
Blood Banks ; Digestion ; DNA ; Forensic Medicine ; Genotype ; Humans ; Leukemia ; Nucleotides ; Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction