PURPOSE: Endobronchial tuberculosis and bronchogenic cancer are common causes of atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis in Korea. Differntiation between endobronchial tuberculosis and bronchogenic carcinoma is important for the treatment and prognosis but it is sometimes difficult to differentiate these two lesions with radiologic examinations. The purpose of this study was to find the differential points between endobronchial tuberculosis and bronchogenic carcinoma associated with atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty patients in whom atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis was detected on chest radiographs comprised the study. A definite mass opacity was not observed on chest radiographs in all patients. In these patients, the causes of obstruction were endobronchial tuberculosis (n=20) and bronchogenic cancer (n=20) which were microbiologically or pathologically confirmed. RESULTS: Double obstructive lesions were more frequently found in endobronchial tuberculosis (8/20) than in bronchogenic cancer (1/20). Multiple calcifications along the bronchial wall and severe distortion of bronchi were observed only in endobronchial tuberculosis (4/20) and associated low density mass at obstruction site was only observed in bronchogenic cancer (6/20). Bronchial dilatation (11/20) and parenchymal calcifications (14/20) distal to obstruction site, air containing bronchogram at post obstructive bronchus (14/20) were more frequently found in endobronchial tuberculosis. Contour bulging at obstruction site (14/20), and only mucus bronchogram at post obstructive bronchus (14/20) were more frequently found in bronchogenic carcinoma. CONCLUSION: In patients with atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis, endobronchial tuberculosis is characterized by double obstructive lesion, multiple calcifications at the bronchial wall, and severe distortion of the bronchi. Endobronchial carcinoma is characterized by a low density mass at the obstructive site.
Bronchi ; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic* ; Dilatation ; Humans ; Korea ; Mucus ; Pneumonia* ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Atelectasis* ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Tuberculosis*

There are several different methods of purifying Treponema pallidum(TP) from rabbit testicular tissue. Among them, we compared the use of differential centrifugation, which has been most widely used, to Percoll density gradient centrifugatian, a newly applied method, in purifying TP from rabbit testicular tissue by checking the protein concentration of the TP suspension, hemagglutination assay using sheep erythrocytes sensitized by TP, IgM-TP-enzyme-linked immunosorhent, assay(IgM-TP-ELISA) and eJect,ron microscopic observation. The protein concent,ration af TP antigen suspension (2x10(8)TP/ml) purified by Percoll density gradient centrifugation (lower band) was the lowest (129.0pg/ml) when compared to those purified by differential centrifugation (324.0pg/ml) and Percoll density gradient centrifugatian (upper band) (560.2pg/ml). Sheep erythrocytes sensitized by TP purified by Percoll density gradient centrifugation(lower band) showed the same resiilts as those using a commercii1 TPHA kit when tested with positive and negative control sera. The sensitivity and specificity of the IgM-TP-ELISA were 88.5%(23/26') and 86.4%(19/2Z) respectively using TP as an antigen purified by differential centrifugation. The rates were 96.29% (25/26) and 95.5%(2l/22) using TP purified by Percoll density gradient centrifugation. As shown by the electron microscopy, T. pizllida purified by clifferential centritugation and Percoll density gradient centrifugatiori were structurally unaltered, and Percoll-purified TP contained much less tissue debris than TP prepared by differ ential centrifugation. Therefor e, Percoll density gradient centrifugation is considered to be a better method of purifying TP from rabbit testicular tissue when compared to differential centrifugatian, as a matter of fact, Perrol1 density gradient centrifugation has been applieci successfully in the study of the physiology, recombinant DNA techniques, and antigenic structure of TP and to the preparation of the antigen for the FTA-ARS and TP-ELISA
Centrifugation ; Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; DNA, Recombinant ; Erythrocytes ; Hemagglutination ; Microscopy, Electron ; Physiology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sheep ; Treponema pallidum* ; Treponema*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

No abstract available.
Leg*

Buoy flap was useful method for soft tissue defect, bone defect or bone and soft tissue defect. Also the buoy flap could use monitoring for blood flow. The advantages of the buoy flap were long length of perforating cutaneous branch, large diameter of Peroneal vessel, transposition in same leg and the another advantage was that the fibula is the long, straight and mainly cortical bone. To obtain successful result of buoy flap, one must have the anatomic concept for vascular pattern (straight branch, proximal oblique branch, branch from muscular branch, distal oblique branch), relationships with surrounding muscles (between Peroneus m. and Soleus m., Through Peroneus m., through Soleus m.) and length of perforating branch. So, we studied total 19 person, 22 cases of buoy flap, who were admitted and took the operation at Kyung Hee University College hospital, from October 1985 to March 1987.
Clinical Study ; Fibula ; Humans ; Leg ; Methods ; Muscles

Apoptosis is a distinct mode of cell death that is responsible for deletion of cells in normal tissues. Apoptotic cell death plays an important role in the proliferation and turnover of cells in various tumors. Apoptosis occurs spontaneously in malignant tumors, often markedly retarding their growth, and increased in tumors responding to irradiation, cytotoxic chemotherapy, heating and hormone ablation. Flowcytometric analysis of the cellular DNA content appears to be a useful clinical prognostic indicator in colorectal cancer. The relationship of apoptotic index(AI) and proliferative indices have being investigated. We analyzed the tumor DNA content and AI in 84 patients who underwent resection for colorectal cancer between January 1989 and December 1994 in order to evaluate the prognostic significance of apoptosis, DNA ploidy and index using in situ apoptosis detection method and flowcytometry. The mean value of AI was 32.4, and median value 21. In the cellular DNA, forty-two percent of the tumors were diploidy, fifty-eight percent aneuploidy. The mean value of DNA index(DI) was 1.38, G0/G1 72%, S phase fraction 21.7%, G2/M 6.3%, and proliferative fraction 28%. There was no significant difference between AI and tumor invasion, LN metastasis, DNA ploidy, DI.(p>0.05) There was no significance between overall survival and AI, DNA ploidy, DI. But patients who had tumors with low DNA index had a significantly longer disease free survival than high DNA index.(p<0.05) As a result, this study shows that AI is a less useful as prognostic factor and DNA index is a more important prognostic factor in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer.
Aneuploidy ; Apoptosis ; Cell Death ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Diploidy ; Disease-Free Survival ; DNA* ; Drug Therapy ; Heating ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ploidies ; S Phase

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in children. METHODS: The medical records of 29 children (30 eyes, younger than 15 years of age) who underwent the surgery for retinal detachment at our hospital were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Twenty-six (90%) of the 29 patients were male, and three (10%) were female. Their average age was 11 years old (range 4years~15years). Retinal detachment was caused by, in order of frequency, trauma, high myopia, Morning glory disc anomaly, previous intraocular surgery and had an unknown cause in 6 eyes. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) was involved in eleven (37%) of the 30 eyes at presentation. The overall reattachment rate was 73% after the first operation and 93% after the second operation. CONCLUSIONS: Retinal detachments in children have poor surgical outcomes than that in adults due to delayed diagnosis, frequent macular involvement and presence of PVR. For the children with certain diseases, we should exam carefully and regularly for the subtle changes even in the absence of specific complaints.
Adult ; Child* ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Records ; Myopia ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retrospective Studies ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative

From January 1988 to December 1991, 39 fractures of the lateral condyle of humerus in children were treated at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sung-Ac General Hospital. It was possible to follow up from one year to four years and eleven months. The authors have analyzed the method of treatment on the basis of the degree of displacement in the change of Carrying angle and Baumann's angle. The results were as follows; 1. Of the 39 cases, the age incidence was confined to 2 to 12 years of age and the average age of the patients were 5 years. 2. Most fractures were Milch type II (29 cases) in contrast to Milch type I (10 cases). 3. According to the initial displacement of the fracture, 8 cases were Jokob's stage I, 21 cases of stage II & 10 cases of stage III. 4. There were no significant difference in the range of change of Carrying angle and Baumann's angle according to initial displacement of fracture site. However, significant difference in outcome were noticed from open reduction and internal fixation in comparison to closed reduction and percutaneous pinning. 5. In all 39 cases, lateral condylar overgrowth (10 cases), cubitus varus (1 cases) and cubitus valgus (3 cases) were noticed as complications but clinical significance was not noted. 6. The above results suggest that internal fixation is recommended for firm fixation although displacement is not severe. In case of Jakob's stage III, anatomical reduction is required in order to reduce additional damage on articular surface and epiphyseal plate caused by excessive manipulation.
Child ; Clinical Study ; Follow-Up Studies ; Growth Plate ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Humerus ; Incidence ; Methods

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Acute sinusitis is a mild, self-limiting disease. In children, however, sinusitis may lead to other severe, even life-threatening, conditions. Therefore, appropriate diagnosis and management are needed. Orbital complications from sinusitis are caused by expansion through natural suture lines, foramen, dehiscence of lamina bone and bony erosion due to acute infection and necrosis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the common types of orbital complications and to compare the symptoms, prognoses and treatments of children and of adults, respectively. Materials and Method: Twenty-one children under15 years of age and thirteen adults over 15 were enrolled in the study. Symptoms, durations of treatment, treatment modalities, prognoses, and CT findings were analyzed. RESULTS: Preseptal cellulitis was found in 6 children (28.6%) and 8 adults (61.5%) ; subperiosteal abscess in 9 children (42.9%) and 3 adults (23.1%) ; and orbital cellulitis in 6 children (28.6%) and 2 adults (15.4%). Eye lid swelling was found in all subjects, while diplopia and limitation of eye movement was found in 4 children (19%) and 2 adults (15.4%). Medical treatment was the first line of therapy for both children (76.2%) and adults (61.5%), with the remaining children (23.8%) and adults (38.5%) receiving surgical treatment. CONCLUSION: While generally more severe, orbital complications in children can be treated more conservatively than those arising in adults.
Abscess ; Adult ; Cellulitis ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Diplopia ; Eye Movements ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Orbit* ; Orbital Cellulitis ; Prognosis ; Sinusitis* ; Sutures

Endometriosis affects up to 5 million women in the united states. The number of cases observed at any time is 1 in 15(7%) women in the reproductive age range. Infertility occurs in as many as 30% to 40% of cases. Anatomical compromise with failure of oocyte capture and transport is an eviednt explanation for infertility in women suffering from advanced(stageIII/IV) endometriosis. In contrast, the pathophysiology in couples suffening from mild to moderate endometriosis as a sole infertility diagnosis is poorly understood. Research over the last decade indicates that women with endometriosis suffer from excessive activstion of immunocompetent cells within the pelvis. In experimental paradigms, adversd effects of a peritoneal fluid on the reproductive process of the endometriosis patients can be demonstrated and include:(1) Phagocytosis of sperm(2) Decreased sperm motility(3) Alteration of sperm-egg interactions(4) Failure of oocytes capture by the fimbria and(5) Impeded embryo development. These data raise the possibility that the intraperitoneal inflammatory process observed in women with endometriosis may be responsible for the associated infertility. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of peritoneal fluid(PF) from patient with moderate endometriosis on mouse embryo development.PF was aspirated from the posterior cul-de-sac at laparoscopy and centrifuged, and the cell-free superantant was not heat-inactivated and not filtered. Fifty percent PF in human tubular fluid(HTF) media was prepared as a study group. The control group consisted of PF with a nonendometriosis and of 0.5% bovine serum albumin and HTF. The in vitro fertilization was performed with these culture media. We were observed distribution of embryo under the microscopy at 24 hours, 72 hours, 92 hours and 120 hours after insemination. The 2-cell embryonic stages in the study group(254 ovums) and those in the control group(247 ovums) at 24 hours were 50.4%, 70.4%, respectively. At 72 hours, the embryonic stages of both groups were reached the morula stage. At 72 hours, only 7.0% of the embryos in the study group reached the hatching, versus 55.7% in the control group. (p < 0.001). At the 120 hours, 100% of embryos in study group were degenerating, versus only 13.2% in the control group. As a result, the peritoneal fluid of the endometriosis patients exert an adverse influence on early reproductive performance, especially inhibiting embryo development. The peritoneal fluid may be as a mediator in the pathogenesis of endometriosis associated subfertility.
Animals ; Ascitic Fluid* ; Culture Media ; Diagnosis ; Embryonic Development* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Endometriosis* ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Infertility ; Insemination ; Laparoscopy ; Mice* ; Microscopy ; Morula ; Oocytes ; Pelvis ; Phagocytosis ; Pregnancy ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; Spermatozoa ; United States