PURPOSE: This study evaluates the effect of behavioral relaxation training on distress and cancer screening intention of patients with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.METHODS: The research was conducted in a non-equivalent control group posttest design. Data were collected from endoscopy subjects in B city from October to November of 2018. Fifteen minutes of behavioral relaxation training were provided to the experimental group (n=40) and traditional relaxation therapy methods were provided to the control group (n=40). Outcome measures were distress and cancer screening intention of patients with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Data were analyzed with a χ²-test, independent t-test, Fisher's exact test with SPSS/PC version 23.0.RESULTS: The objective discomfort (t=8.81, p<.001) of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group; there were no significant differences in the subjective discomfort (t=1.73, p=.088). The cancer screening intention (t=−5.85, p<.001) of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group.CONCLUSION: Behavioral relaxation training was effective in heightening cancer screening intention. Therefore it can be usefully applied to increase cancer screening intention.
Early Detection of Cancer ; Education ; Endoscopy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Humans ; Intention ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Relaxation Therapy ; Relaxation

A 36-year-old female patient had suffered from left sided decreasing visual acuity, ocular pain and headache since 6 months before admission. We performed enucleation of the left eyeball under the clinical diagnosis of the secondary glaucoma and obtained the histopathological diagnosis of malignant melanoma of the choroid(epitheloid type).
Adult ; Choroid* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Glaucoma ; Headache ; Humans ; Melanoma* ; Visual Acuity

Spinal hemangioma is the uncommon, slowly growing benign tumor that arises from the blood vessels and commonly located in thoracic spine. We have recently experienced a caseof capillary Hemangioma in intradural extramedullary space of thoracic spine level. The patient presented with a slowly progressive weakness of both lower extremities and hypesthesia below T6 dermatome. The plain X-ray films, thoracic spine myelography and CT scan disclosed an intradural mass at T5 level. The mass was surgically removed and conformed by histological examination.
Blood Vessels ; Capillaries* ; Hemangioma ; Hemangioma, Capillary* ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Lower Extremity ; Myelography ; Spine ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; X-Ray Film

BACKGROUND: Nitric Oxide (NO) is a multi-faceted molecule with dichotomous regulatory roles in many areas of biology. NO can promote apoptosis in some cells, whereas it inhibits apoptosis in other cell types. This study was performed to characterize NO-induced cell death in lung epithelial cells and to investigate the roles of cell death regulators including iron, bcl-2 and p53. METHODS: A549 cells were used for lung epithelial cells. SNP (sodium nitroprusside) and SNAP (S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine) were used for NO donor. Cytoxicity assay was done by MTT assay and crystal violet assay. Apoptotic assay was done by fluorescent microscopy after double staining with propidium iodide and hoecst 33342. Iron inhibition study was done with RBCs and FeSO4. For bcl-2 study, bcl-2 overexpressing cells (A549-bcl-2) were used and for p53 study, Western blot analysis and p53 functionally knock-out cells (A549-E6) were used. RESULTS: SNP and SNAP induced dose-dependent cell death in A549 cells and fluorescent microscopy revealed that SNAP induced apoptosis in low doses but necrosis in high doses while SNP induced exclusively necrotic cell death. Iron inhibition study using RBCs and FeSO4 significantly blocked SNAP-induced cell death. And also SNAP-induced cell death was blocked by bcl-2 overexpression. Finally, we found that SNAP activate p53 by Western blot analysis and that SNAP-induced cell death was decreased in the abscence of p53. CONCLUSION: In lung epithelial cells, NO can induce cell death, more precisely apoptosis in low doses and necrosis in high doses. And iron, bcl-2, and p53 play important roles in NO-induced cell death.
Apoptosis ; Biology ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Death* ; Epithelial Cells* ; Gentian Violet ; Humans ; Iron ; Lung* ; Microscopy ; Necrosis ; Nitric Oxide* ; Propidium ; Tissue Donors

BACKGROUND: Pathologic grading, one of the most important prognostic factors of papillary urothelial neoplasia (PUN) of the urinary bladder, has been revised continuously. The current study focused on the analysis of interobserver agreement on PUN of the urinary bladder bet- ween 1973 WHO classification (WHO 1973) and 1998 WHO/ISUP classification. METHODS: Seventy five cases from 15 institutions were collected, and after review by Korean Society of Urogenital Pathology (KSUP), 30 cases were selected as follows; group I, WHO grade 1 and papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential by ISUP (7 cases), group II, WHO grade 2 and low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (16 cases), and group III, WHO grade 3 and high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (7 cases). Seventy five general surgical pathologists who participated in this study were asked to grade the tumors based on WHO/ISUP classification. Interobserver agreement between the participants' diagnosis and KSUP consensus diagnosis was analyzed by kappa value. RESULTS: Interobserver agreement assessed by kappa value for all diagnostic groups was very low; for group I, kappa value was -0.900893722; for group II, -0.944650025, and for group III, -0.876728996. The overall kappa value of pathology residents was better than that of practicing pathologists. CONCLUSIONS: The 1998 WHO/ ISUP classification could not be easily translated from the 1973 WHO classification and because of poor interobserver agreement, it appears that further work would be needed before it can be practically applied.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Classification* ; Consensus* ; Diagnosis ; Pathology* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

BACKGROUND: Life expectancy is ever increasing due to medical advancements, but cancer death rate is also increased. Quality of life is an important issue in cancer patients. Despite developments of early diagnosis and treatments for cancer, the medical costs is increasing due to exfended sarvival against cancer and the absolute numbers of terminal cancer patients. We assessed the medical costs and quality of life in terminal cancer patients by the types of medical facilities, which would contribute to effective management. METHOD: A total 159 patients(males 70, females 89) with terminal cancer patients who were treated and died in various types of medical facilities(home hospice, charity hospital hospice unit, university hospital hospice unit, university hospital non-hospice unit) between November 1, 1997 and January 31, 1999 were included in the study. After the confirmation that the demographic factors correlated with factors of quality of life, the differences in the medical costs and quality of life(pain, depression, ADLs, family APGAR score) during the last 1 week of life in the various types of medical facilities analyzed by multi-way ANOVA with interaction of the significant demographic factors. RESULTS: The mean cost of types of medical facilities during the last week of patients as 65332.5 won in charity hospital hospice unit, 105165.5 won in home hospice, 702083.4 won in university hospital hospice unit, and 1037358.6 won in university hospital non-hospice unit. The difference between free hospital hospice unit and home hospice in medical costs as not statistically significant, but the difference among charity hospital hospice unit and home hospice, university hospital hospice unit, and university hospital non-hospice unit as significant (p<0.001). The demographical factors of quality of life in terms of pain, depression, ADLs, and family APGAR score were compared among various facilities. The ADL score of home hospice was 8.2 +/- 3.3, which was lower than free hospital hospice unit and university hospital hospice unit(p<0.05). The mean pain scor of home hospice as 1.7+/-1.7 and that of university hospital hospice as 1.2+/-1.2, and pain scores of home hospice were lower than free hospital hospice unit, and pain scores of university hospital hospice were lower than free hospital hospice unit and university hospital non-hospice unit(p<0.05). In depression's categorial scale of home hospice the score was 4.8+/-1.3, which was higher than those of free hospital hospice unit and university hospital non-hospice unit(p<0.05), signifying less depression. The family APGAR score was statistically insignificant among various types of medical facilities. CONCLUSION: The cost of hospice care is less than the non-hospice care. We found that the patients of home hospice experienced less pain and depression even with low ADLs, and increased the quality of life in both psychological and physical aspects.
Activities of Daily Living ; Apgar Score ; Charities ; Demography ; Depression ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Hospice Care ; Hospices ; Humans ; Life Expectancy ; Mortality ; Quality of Life*

"Fetus in fetus" is a rare pathologic feature consisting of a parasitic twin included within the body of the other twin, which most likely arises from inclusion of a monozygotic, diamniotic twin pregnancy. The exact embryogenesis of fetus in fetus is controversial. Some investigators propose that it is a highly organized teratoma. Since the condition was first described by Meckel in the late 18th centry, approximately 100 cases have been reported in the literature. Most cases present as an abdominal mass during the first year of life, with a few cases being detected prenatally by ultrasound examination. So we report one case of fetus in fetus detected by ultrasound examination prenatally.
Embryonic Development ; Female ; Fetus* ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Twin ; Research Personnel ; Teratoma ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: Gemcitabine is a new anti-cancer agent for treating non-small cell lung cancer. Functioning as an antimetabolite, it induces anti-cancer effects by suppressing DNA synthesis after being incorporated into the DNA as a cytosine arabinoside analogue. When Gemcitabine is incorporated into the DNA, the p53 gene may be activated by induction of the DNA defect. However, there are a few studies on the molecular mechanisms of Gemcitabine-induced cell death. This study examined the role of p53 in Gemcitabine-induced cell death. METHODS: A549 and NCl-H358 lung cancer cells were used in this study. The cell viability test was done using a MTT assay at Gemcitabine concentrations of 10nM, 100nM, 1uM, 10uM and 100uM. A FACScan analysis with propium iodide staining was used for the cell cycle analysis. Western blot analysis was done to investigate the extent of p53 activation. For the functional knock-out of p53, stable A549-E6 cells and H358-E6 cells were transfected pLXSN-16E6SD which is over expresses the human papilloma virus E6 protein that constantly degrades p53 protein. The functional knock out of p53 was confirmed by Western blot analysis after treatment with a DNA damaging agent, doxorubicine. RESULTS: Gemcitabine exhibited cell toxicity in dose-dependent fashion. The cell cycle analysis resulted in an S phase arrest. Western blot analysis significant p53 activation in time-dependent manner. Gemcitabine-induced cytotoxicity was reduced by 20-30% in the A549-E6 cells and the 30-40% in H358-E6 cells when compared with the A549-neo and H358-neo control cells. CONCLUSION: Gemcitabine induces an S phase arrest, as expected for the anti-metabolite, and activates the p53 gene. Furthermore, p53 might play an important role in Gemcitabine-induced cell death. Further investigation into the molecular mechanisms on how Gemcitabine activates the p53 gene and its signaling pathway are recommended.
Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Genes, p53 ; Antimetabolites

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a common malignant tumor of the salivary glands, but rare in other sites. Only 10 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of liver have been reported, and there was 1 case of double primary cancer of hepatocellular carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The definite diagnosis and pathogenesis are still controversial. However, hepatocellular carcinoma is the second most common cancer in Korea. Its etiology is better known compared to mucoepidermoid carcinoma. We report a rare case of double primary cancer of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma in liver.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid* ; Diagnosis ; Korea ; Liver* ; Salivary Glands

We report five cases of cytomegalovirus infection in immunocompromised patients which were detected by either cytomegalovirus antigenemia assay or in situ hybridization. Four cases had leukemia and the other had chronic renal failure. All the three BMT recipients suffered from GvHD. Interestingly, there was an unique case of CMV disease without a history of BMT, which reminded us that CMV could attack immunocompromised patients who had not undergone transplantation, too. Four out of five cases died. We think that cytomegalovirus infection or disease should not be regarded as a minor problem in post-transplantation infection in Korea.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Antigens, Viral/*blood ; *Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Case Report ; Cytomegalovirus/*immunology ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications/*diagnosis ; Fatal Outcome ; Graft vs Host Disease/complications ; Human ; Immunocompromised Host ; In Situ Hybridization ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications ; Kidney Transplantation ; Leukemia/*complications/therapy ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute, L2/complications/therapy ; Leukemia, Myelocytic, Acute/complications/therapy ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic/complications/therapy ; Male ; Viremia/*diagnosis