No abstract available.
Cell Line* ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor* ; Humans* ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung*

OBJECTIVE : The sperm acrosome reaction is a Ca2+ -dependent exocytotic event that is triggered by adhesion to the mammalian egg's zona pellucida. Previous studies suggested a role of Ca2+ channels in acrosome reactions. This study was conducted to investigate the T-type calcium channel is operated in acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa. METHOD : Human semen samples were obtained from healthy donors with nomal criteria. The spermatozoa were divided into five groups: Group 1 were non-treated as a control; Group 2 where spermatozoa were exposed to 5 micrometer Ca2+ A23187 (Ca2+i); Group 3 where spermatozoa were exposed 5 micrometer Ca2+i and mibefradil; Group 4 where spermatozoa were exposed 5 micrometer Ca2+i and nifedipine, and Group 5 where spermatozoa were treated with 5 micrometer Ca2+i and both of mibefradil and nifedipine. Spermatozoa in all groups were retrieved after incubation for 15 and 30 minutes at 37degrees C. After staining with PSA-FITC, fluorescence was observed under a fluorescence microscope, and AR was evaluated on a total >100 spermatozoa/side. RESULT AND CONCLUSION : We observed on acrosome reaction inhibition rate in human spermatozoa the various of concentration of mibefradil, nifedipine. Maximum response was noted with 1.0 micrometer mibefradil and the decrease of acrosome reaction inhibition rate 45%. Nifedipine in acrosome reaction inhibition rate was only about 25%. The Ca2+i-induced AR of spermatozoa was significantly suppressed by mibefradil. Incidence of the suppression was depending on concentration of mibefradil. Results from the present study suggest that the human spermatozoa possess T-type channel. The observation that reversible inhibitor of T channels in male germ cells provides a new mechanism of contraceptive action.
Acrosome Reaction* ; Acrosome* ; Calcimycin ; Calcium Channels, T-Type ; Fluorescence ; Germ Cells ; Humans* ; Incidence* ; Male ; Mibefradil* ; Nifedipine ; Semen ; Spermatozoa* ; Tissue Donors ; Zona Pellucida

No abstract available.
Cryopreservation* ; Humans* ; Oocytes*

Most proximal humeral fractures respond satisfactorily to simple conservative treatment, but operative treatment is recommended in cases where poor results are anticipated by prolonged immobilization, or because of severe displacement and comminution. We used a minimal internal fixation and tension band technique in severely displaced and comminuted cases to achieve firm fixation and avoid subacromial impingement. Passive range of motion of the involved shoulder began within the first postoperative day and active range of motion exercise was encouraged as soon as possible within the first postoperative week. Between February 1996 and November 1997, we operated using this technique on 15 patients ranging in age from 16 to 71 years (average 52). Follow-up averaged 13 months. During the follow-up period, all patients except one patient, had a active full range of motion on the affected limb. According to the evaluation on the 10 patients who had follow- up periods over 12 months by Hawkins rating scale of shoulder function, 6 patients had achieved a good result and 4 patients had achieved a fair result at the last follow up. In conclusion, tension band technique with minimal internal fixation could afford sufficient fracture stability to allow early, aggressive rehabilitation. As a method of internal fixation on a proximal humerus fracture, this technique may have particular advantages in elderly osteoporotic patients.
Aged ; Extremities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Humerus ; Immobilization ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Rehabilitation ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Fractures*

PURPOSE: This study aims to examine how inequalities in suicide by education changed during and after macroeconomic restructuring following the economic crisis of 1997 in South Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using Korea's 1995, 2000, and 2005 census data aggregately linked to mortality data (1993 - 2006), relative and absolute differentials in suicide mortality by education were calculated by gender and age among Korean population aged 35 and over. RESULTS: Average annual suicide mortality rates have steadily increased from 1993 - 1997 to 2003 - 2006 in almost all sociodemographic groups stratified by gender, age, and education. Based on the relative index of inequality (RII) and slope index of inequality (SII), educational differentials in suicide mortality generally increased over time in men and women aged 45 years +. Although RII did not increase with year among men and women aged 35 - 44 years, SII showed a significantly increasing trend in this age group. CONCLUSION: These worsening absolute inequalities in suicide mortality indicate that the governmental suicide prevention policy should be directed toward socially disadvantaged groups of the Korean population.
Adult ; Age Distribution ; Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Mortality/*trends ; Sex Distribution ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Suicide/*statistics & numerical data

PURPOSE: This study aims to examine how inequalities in suicide by education changed during and after macroeconomic restructuring following the economic crisis of 1997 in South Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using Korea's 1995, 2000, and 2005 census data aggregately linked to mortality data (1993 - 2006), relative and absolute differentials in suicide mortality by education were calculated by gender and age among Korean population aged 35 and over. RESULTS: Average annual suicide mortality rates have steadily increased from 1993 - 1997 to 2003 - 2006 in almost all sociodemographic groups stratified by gender, age, and education. Based on the relative index of inequality (RII) and slope index of inequality (SII), educational differentials in suicide mortality generally increased over time in men and women aged 45 years +. Although RII did not increase with year among men and women aged 35 - 44 years, SII showed a significantly increasing trend in this age group. CONCLUSION: These worsening absolute inequalities in suicide mortality indicate that the governmental suicide prevention policy should be directed toward socially disadvantaged groups of the Korean population.
Adult ; Age Distribution ; Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Mortality/*trends ; Sex Distribution ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Suicide/*statistics & numerical data

The present study was conducted in order to investigate the immunologic alterations alongside the numerical changes in peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBL) and their subsets in stomach cancer patients. Lymphocyte surface markers were determined in 85 stomach cancer patients and 49 controls by indirect immunofluorescence technique using monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies used were Leu 2a(CD8, suppressor/cytotoxic T cells), Leu 3a(CD4, inducer/helper T cells), Leu 4(CD3, pan T reagent), Leu 11(CD16, natural killer cells) and Leu 12(CD19, B cells). The numbers of PBL, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+ and CD19+ cells significantly decreased and the CD4: CD8 value increased in 85 patients with stomach cancer compared to those in controls(p < 0.01). In stage I(n = 17), neither PBL, their subsets nor the CD4: CD8 value were significantly different from those of the controls. In stage II(n = 17), the numbers of PBL, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells decreased(p < 0.01). In stage III(n = 24) and IV(n = 27), PBL and all subsets measured decreased(p < 0.01). The CD4: CD8 value showed significant increases in stages III and IV(p < 0.01), because the CD8+ cells decreased to a greater extent than did the CD4+ cells. The results demonstrating that the lymphocyte subsets are depressed differentially with the stage suggest that host immunity is impaired with the progression of stomach cancer.
Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Antigens, CD19/analysis ; Antigens, CD3/analysis ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology ; Female ; Human ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphocyte Subsets/chemistry/*immunology ; Male ; Middle Age ; Receptors, IgG/analysis ; Sex Distribution ; Stomach Neoplasms/blood/*immunologym

BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency (ID) in Korean adolescents still remains a problem. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of iron status and investigate the relationship between the iron status and obesity. METHODS: Hematological examinations were performed on apparently healthy 12~14 year old students (M:F=451:442) living in Incheon during September, 2004. ID was defined as a serum ferritin concentration <10ng/mL. The diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was established when anemia (male <12.5g/dL, female <12g/dL) was associated with a ferritin level <10ng/mL and/or transferrin saturation <16%. Using age- and gender-specific BMI percentiles, overweight was defined as a BMI=85th percentile. RESULTS: The prevalence of ID and IDA were 8.4 and 15.6% and 0.9 and 4.5% in males and females, respectively. Using an analysis based on the BMI, the prevalence of obesity were 21.8 and 16.2% in males and females, respectively. The prevalence of ID in male students was decreased in the obesity (0.0%) compared with the non-obesity group (11.4%). In female students, ID showed a higher frequency in the non-obesity (20.4%) compared with the obesity group (12.0%). CONCLUSIOM: Iron deficiency still remains a major nutritional problem in adolescent females, with the prevalence of obesity significantly increasing. Although no association between the prevalence of iron deficiency and obesity was shownin this study, it is important to screen for iron deficiency and obesity, and provide effective nutritional education. Furthermore, the association of obesity with iron deficiency in relation to eating behavior should be investigated.
Adolescent ; Anemia ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Ferritins ; Humans ; Incheon ; Iron* ; Male ; Obesity* ; Overweight ; Prevalence ; Transferrin

Pituitary apoplexy is a rare but potentially life-threatening clinical syndrome caused by the sudden enlargement of a pituitary adenoma secondary to hemorrhage or infarction. Pituitary apoplexy after cardiac surgery is a very rare perioperative complication. Factors associated with open heart surgery that may lead to pituitary apoplexy include hemodynamic instability during cardiopulmonary bypass and systemic heparinization. We report a case of pituitary apoplexy after mitral valvuloplasty with cardiopulmonary bypass. After early pituitary tumor resection and hormonal replacement therapy, the patient made a full recovery.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Hemodynamics ; Hemorrhage ; Heparin ; Humans ; Infarction ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Pituitary Apoplexy* ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; Postoperative Complications ; Thoracic Surgery

Ganglioneuroma is an uncommon benign tumor and arise from neural crest cells or sympathetic and peripheral nerves. A 13-year-old boy was referred to our institute and presented with three-day history of right upper extremity weakness associated with neck pain for nearly one month. Magnetic resonance imaging showed right side dumbbell shaped extramedullary lesion at the C2-3 level extending outside through neural foramen. Paraspinal and posterior neck mass, cafe au lait spot was identified. We performed surgical decompression of the spinal cord by resection of intradural portion mass. Histopathological diagnosis was ganglioneuroma.
Adolescent ; Decompression, Surgical ; Diagnosis ; Ganglioneuroma* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neck ; Neck Pain ; Neural Crest ; Neurofibromatoses ; Peripheral Nerves ; Spinal Cord Compression* ; Spinal Cord* ; Upper Extremity