The purpose of this study was to investigate the Korea-resident foreigners's adaptability and preference to Korean foods. The survey was carried out among 144 foreigners living in Seoul, Korea (male 57, female 87; from the East 109, from the West 35). Based on the first impression of Korean food, 'spicy', 'strong taste of seasoning', 'salty' were most common. About 90 percent of the foreigners adapted to Korean food in six months. It took more time to adapt to Korean food for Western people, compared to people from the East. Factors that influenced their adaption to Korean food were shown to be 'efforts by myself' and 'from friends'. Foreigners posited positive attitude toward Korean food according to their answers like 'nutritionally great food' and 'food with interesting ways of eating'. Westerners appeared to be more satisfied with Korean food. 'Too strong seasoning taste' and 'too sweet' were pointed out for further improvements. Beef Bulgogi, (Korean) fruit, Beef Ribs, Pork Ribs, and Grilled Pork Belly in order were foreigners' favorite foods, but Soju, Korean Sausage, Sliced Rice Cake Soup, Radish Kimchi and Vegetable Side Dishes were not. Taken together, the adaptability and preference to Korean foods to foreigners were different according to the gender and cultural background. Target marketing strategy of Korean Foods should be considered for foreign customers.
Emigrants and Immigrants ; Female ; Food Preferences ; Fruit ; Humans ; Korea ; Marketing ; Raphanus ; Ribs ; Seasons ; Vegetables

This study is to research the use and the demand of the elderly generation that pursue economic ability and active lifestyle. The composition of the meals were "homemade meals" 65.3%, "homemade & convenience meals" 26.7% overall. For the "never miss a meal" category, 70~74 years old was 48.3%, over 80 years old was 60.0%. The elderly under 70 years old showed a high frequency in the use of alternative meals (p < 0.05) and the elderly with higher education used the alternative meals more frequently (p < 0.01). The rice-cakes, bread, tuna cans, Korean side-dishes, beverages, meat, cup-noodles and seafood as alternative meals are in the order of most frequency. Also, 96.0%, 59.0% and 46.5% of the elderly had experience in using "Ready to eat (RTE)", "Ready to heat (RTH)" and "Ready to cook (RTC)". The oldest group surveyed, the elderly at the age of 80 years old and above showed lower preference for "completely cooked state" but showed highest results in the "half-cooked state". This shows the difference between people's perception and the behavior that showed high frequency of 96.0% in the experience with "RTE". This can be inferred that the elderly needs the development of convenience food that is moderately packaged according to the newer lifestyle where the elderly live independent from their children. Moreover, there is a higher demand in the healthy convenience food, which means that there is a need for development in the quality of the convenience food that will allow more faith in convenience food by the elderly.
Aged ; Beverages ; Bread ; Child ; Fast Foods ; Food Preferences ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Life Style ; Meals ; Meat ; Seafood ; Tuna

No abstract available.
Humans ; Pregnancy, Twin*

No abstract available.
Abscess* ; Drainage*

BACKGROUND: Recent findings in molecular pathology suggest that genetic translocation and/or overexpression of oncoproteins is important in salivary gland tumorigenesis and diagnosis. We investigated PLAG1, SOX10, and Myb protein expression in various salivary gland neoplasm tissues. METHODS: A total of 113 cases of surgically resected salivary gland neoplasms at the National Cancer Center from January 2007 to March 2017 were identified. Immunohistochemical staining of PLAG1, SOX10, and Myb in tissue samples was performed using tissue microarrays. RESULTS: Among the 113 cases, 82 (72.6%) were benign and 31 (27.4%) were malignant. PLAG1 showed nuclear staining and normal parotid gland was not stained. Among 48 cases of pleomorphic adenoma, 29 (60.4%) were positive for PLAG1. All other benign and malignant salivary gland neoplasms were PLAG1-negative. SOX10 showed nuclear staining. In normal salivary gland tissues SOX10 was expressed in cells of acinus and intercalated ducts. In benign tumors, SOX10 expression was observed in all pleomorphic adenoma (48/48), and basal cell adenoma (3/3), but not in other benign tumors. SOX10 positivity was observed in nine of 31 (29.0%) malignant tumors. Myb showed nuclear staining but was not detected in normal parotid glands. Four of 31 (12.9%) malignant tumors showed Myb positivity: three adenoid cystic carcinomas (AdCC) and one myoepithelial carcinoma with focal AdCC-like histology. CONCLUSIONS: PLAG1 expression is specific to pleomorphic adenoma. SOX10 expression is helpful to rule out excretory duct origin tumor, but its diagnostic value is relatively low. Myb is useful for diagnosing AdCC when histology is unclear in the surgical specimen.
Adenoma ; Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; Diagnosis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Oncogene Proteins ; Oncogene Proteins v-myb ; Parotid Gland ; Pathology, Molecular ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms ; Salivary Glands ; SOX Transcription Factors ; Translocation, Genetic

BACKGROUND: QT dispersion(QTD : QTmax-QTmin) or JT dispersion(JTD:JTmax-JT-min)in 12 leads ECG has been known to reflect regional variations in ventricular repolarization and has been reported to bel one of the marker of regional myocardial ischemia. To evaluate the significance of QTD or JTD of exercise ECG in diagnosis of coronary artery disease, we studied 106 patients(mean age, 56.9 years old, male 63) who were referred for the evaluation of chest pain on exertion. METHOD: Treadmill exercise stress test with modified Bruce protocol and coronary angiography were performed in 106 patients with chest pain on exertion. ST-segment depression by >1.0 mm 0.08 second after J-point during or after exercise in exercise test and >50% stanosis of epicardial artery in coronary angiogram were defined as positive. Of 106 patients, 41 had positive exercise ECG and positive coronary angiogram(true positive, TP), 20 had positive exercise ECG and negative coronary angiogram(false positive, FT), 20 had negative exercise ECG and positive coronary angiogram(faalse negative, FN), and 23 had negative exercise ECG and negative coronary angiogram(true negative, Tn). QT and JT interval in 12 leads were measured at baseline and peakexercise and were corrected for heart rate using Bazett's formula. QTD and JTD were measured by calculation the difference between the maximum QT and mininum QT and that between maximum JT and minumum JT. RESULTS: QTD at baseline for TP(72.8ms)was prolonged compared to Tn(52.2ms,P<0.01), but was not different from that for FT(70.2 ms). At peak exercise, QTD for TP(81.3 msec) was significantly prolonged(p<0.01), while QTD for FP(71.2 msec) was not different from that for TN(56.8 msec). JTD at baseline(78.4 msec) and at peak exercise(88.2 msec) for TP were significantly prolonged compared to those for TN(55.2msec and 55.1msec p<0.01,p<0.01, respectively), but those for FP were not porlonged(77.0msec and 79.0msec, respectively). QTD and JTD at peak exercise were more markedly prolonged in patients with sever stenosis of coronary artery(p=0.053 and p<0.05, repectively) and multivessels diseases(p<0.01, 0<0.05) than those with less severe disease and single vessel disease. Patients with left anterior descending artery lesion had greater QTD and JTD at peak exercise than those with other vessels lesion(p<0.01). In addition to standard criteria with ST segment displacement in exercise EGC, inclusion of exercise induced QTD of more than 60msec increased the sensitivity of exercise ECG from 66.7% to 83.3%, and JTD of more than 70msec increased the specificity from 52% to 76.0%. CONCLUSION: Measurement of QT dispersion and JT dispersion of exercise ECG may be useful method to identify the severity of coronary artery disease and to improve diagnostic accuracy of exercise ECG in coronary artery disease.
Arteries ; Chest Pain ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Electrocardiography* ; Exercise Test ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Sensitivity and Specificity

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We report our initial experience with percutaneous transvenous closure of atrial septal defects (ASD). MATERIALS AND METHOD: Between September 1997 and May 2000, we attempted transcatheter closure of ASD in 18 patients using CardioSEALTM (8), STARFlexTM (4) and Amplatzer septal occluder (6). The ages of patients ranged from 4.5-64.8 (mean 32.8) years, body weight ranging from 16-76 (mean 51) kg, Qp/Qs ratio from 1.3-3.4 (mean 2.2). RESULTS: Embolization of device occurred in two patients; right pulmonary artery in one and left atrium in the other. In one patient, the device slipped into the right atrium before detachment. After retrieval of the device, the defect seemed too large for transcatheter closure. There were no other complications apart from a transient aggravation of pre-existing atrial premature beats in two patients. There was no significant size difference between the data measured by transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography. The stretched ASD diameter was larger (5.1 3.2 mm) than the size measured by transesophageal echocardiography. In the remaining 15 patients, complete closure of defects was confirmed by transthoracic echocardiography on the 1 day or 1 month follow-up. During the same period, transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale(PFO) was also attempted in 7 patients with stroke. The guidewire could not be passed in 2 of the patients. In the other 5 patients, transcatheter closure was successfully performed without any problems. Though the follow-up period may have been short, no patients were found with further stroke attack. CONCLUSION: Transcatheter closure of ASD can be performed with high efficiency and safety if patient selection is adequate. The indication for ASD closure can be extended to patients with larger defects. Transcatheter closure of PFO is an easy and safe procedure, but the indications of PFO closure in patients with stroke is still unclear. Further evaluation is necessary for long-term results.
Body Weight ; Cardiac Complexes, Premature ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Atria ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial* ; Humans ; Patient Selection ; Pulmonary Artery ; Septal Occluder Device ; Stroke

BACKGROUND: Overt hypothyroidism is a well-known cause of secondary hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. However, there have been some dissenting report of abnormalities and in serum lipid concentration in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. We have attempted to analyze serum lipid concentrations to investigate whether they are increased in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and to see if there is a correlation between serum LDL-C and TSH concentrations. METHODS: Serum lipid profiles(total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, HDL-C) of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (M/F=7/119) compared with age, sex and body mass index matched control subjects(M/F=14/239) from Jan. 1 . 1996. to Dec. 30. 1997. RESULTS: There were no significant differences of serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, TG, and HDL concentrations in 126 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and 253 control subjects(178.47+/-35.76mg/dL vs. 173.05+/-35.93mg/dL ; 113.33+/-52.89mg/dL vs 117.64+/-68.70mg/dL ; 112.89+/-33.26mg.dL vs 109.65+/-29.02mg/dL ; 48.60+/-11.34mg/dL vs 46.51+/-11.73mg/dL). There was no correlation between LDL cholesterol and TSH concentrations in subclinical hypothyroidism(r=0.29, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Serum lipid concentration (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and TG, HDL) was not increased in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. There was no correltion between serum LDL and TSH levels in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism.
Atherosclerosis ; Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Dissent and Disputes ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypothyroidism* ; Lipoproteins* ; Triglycerides

PURPOSE: The study aimed to explore the health consequences that women experienced after miscarriage and the factors related to them. METHODS: A convenience sample consisting of 102 women who had miscarried within 2 years was used. Women were recruited from hospitals and enterprises in Seoul and Gyeong-Gi Province. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire containing a physical and psychological symptoms checklist developed for this study. RESULTS: More than 40% of the miscarriages occurred after 9 weeks of pregnancy and 35% of women were found to have had a previous miscarriage prior to this study. Psychological symptoms were more prevalent and prolonged than the physical symptoms, furthermore, the frequencies of the symptoms experiencedwere not consistent with the duration of symptoms. Employed women and women with early miscarriages complained of more physical symptoms; however, psychological symptoms were not different according to women's characteristics. Employment was a significant factor affecting physical symptoms. CONCLUSION: Health care professionals need to inform and educate women and the family of the potential health changes during the recovery after the miscarriage. Health consequences due to miscarriages also need to be incorporated in women's reproductive health care. Nursing care should consider factors of maternal age, employment status, and obstetrical conditions upon the apparent social changes.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Checklist ; Delivery of Health Care ; Employment ; Female ; Humans ; Maternal Age ; Nursing Care ; Pregnancy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Reproductive Health ; Social Change

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus(HPV) 16 is the most frequently found oncogenic HPV type in cervical cancer and the early protein E7 is considered to be one of the two major proteins involved in malignant transformation and maintenance of the transformed phenotype of the cells. It is suggested that serologic detection of anti-HPV antibody in serum can be used as a marker for HPV-associated cervical cancer. We evaluated the efficacy of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method for detecting antibodies circulating in human sera against E7 proteins of HPV 16 in patients with cervical cancer/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) and in normal controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have developed a ELISA method using fusion proteins of HPV 16 E7, expressed in E. coli, as antigen to detect the anti-E7 antibody in human sera. Sera from 276 women(90 patients with invasive cervical cancers, 8 patients with CIN III and 178 healthy women) were tested for the presence of antibodies to E7 proteins. The results were compared with that of polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method. RESULTS: Fifteen(16.7 %) of the 90 cervical cancer sera, one(12.5 %) of the 8 CIN sera and twelve (6.7 %) of the 178 normal sera were reactive with E7 proteins(cut-off value : absorbance (A) = 0.079, x + 3 SD). The detection rate of HPV 16 DNA by PCR were 45.5 %(41/90) in cervical cancer patients, 37.5 %(3/8) in CIN III patients, and 11.8 %(21/178) in normal controls Twelve(29.3 %) of 41 cervical cancer patients harboring HPV 16 DNA showed positive for the anti-E7 antobody. Although the positivity with ELISA was rather lower that of PCR. A statistically significant trend of increasing seropositivity was obtained( 2=6.48 ; df=1 ; p=0.011). The concordance rate between the results of ELISA and PCR was 64.4 %. CONCLUSION: The increasing seropositivity for HPV 16 E7 antibodies in association with malignant progression suggest that these antibodies may be a useful marker for HPV 16-associated cervical cancer. But the facts that in only about one-fifth portion of patients with cervical cancer showed the positive results in ELISA restricts the direct clinical applications. A search for more sensitive and specific serologic method for the detection of antibodies to HPV 16 E7 is needed.
Antibodies* ; DNA ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay* ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Humans* ; Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Serologic Tests ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*