From Feb. 1987 to Feb. 1988, 93 cases of the Q-switched Nd : Yag laser posterior capsulotomy by using of choherent Model 7900 were carried out and 80 cases(76 patients)had been followed up for more than 2 months. The results were as follows: 1. 72 aphakic eyes and 8 pseudophakic eyes(12 traumatic cataract and 11 congenital cataract and 57 adult and senile cataract) were followed. 2. Postoperative visual acuity of 0.7 or better was achieved in 54 eyes(67.5%) and 1.0 or better in 32 eyes(40%). 3. Complications were transient increased IOP 17 eyes(21.2%) and Vitreous pro lapses with anterior hyaloid rupture 15 eyes (18.7%) and anterior uveitis 2 eyes(2.5%) and cystoid macular edema 1 eyes(1.2%) and corneal edema 1 eyes(1.2%) but most cases were without permanent damages.
Adult ; Cataract ; Corneal Edema ; Humans ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Macular Edema ; Posterior Capsulotomy* ; Rupture ; Uveitis, Anterior ; Visual Acuity

Author performed clinical studies at random on 19 patients with renal tuberculosis who were admitted for the period of April 1958 through February 1959 to Department of Urology at Seoul National University Hospital as to tuberculosis bacterial cultures and their resistance tests using pre- and postnephrectomy urine and diseased tissue itself. The results in this study were summarized as follows: 1. All except one case had received antituberculosis medication for not more than 6 months. 2. To all cases beginning at the time of admission preoperation medications consisting of SM 1.0 gm, PAS 12gm, and INH 300mg, and these regimen were given throughout study. 3. The culture positivity rates were 79% in prenephrectomy bladder urine. 90% in caseous material from diseased renal cavity and 44% in postnephrectomy bladder urine. The lower were the culture positivity rate in prenephrectomy bladder urine, the longer the preceding period of antituberculosis drugs given. Culture positivity rate of caseous material from diseased renal cavity, however, was persistently high irrespective of the length of the antituberculosis medication and the culture positivity rate of postnephrectomy bladder urine appeared to be dependent more on the presence or absence of the remaining renal tuberculosis rather than on the period of antituberculosis medication. 5. From the repeated culture of prenephrectomy bladder urine over short period of time, in the same individual results were rather inconstant and this seemed to be independent upon the use of antituberculosis drugs. 6. Cultural studies on urine and diseased renal tissue yielded the same results whether it was checked on the day of specimen collection or after less than 7 day's refrigerated storage. 7. While doing cultural studies from prenephrectomy bladder urine on patients who received antituberculosis drugs one case was found to need more than two months to grow and this trend seemed to be more so in cases of cultures from diseased renal tissues. 8. Resistance was shown as to SM in 9 cases out of 10 cases on whom prenephrectomy bladder urines were checked, in 5 out of 6 cases on whom tuberculosis culturers were done from diseased renal caseous tissues and in 2 cases out of each group possessed resistance to PAS as well. 9. Resistance to SM was to be easily acquired and afterward the degree of resistance seemed to increase rapidly from the use of SM of short duration. 10. Cases with positive microscopic finding and negative cultures were seen only in prenephrectomy bladder urine and this fact was thought not to be specifically related to the antituberculosis treatment. 11. Cases with negative microscopic finding and positive cultures were seen in patient who received only long antituberculosis treatment and these were characterized by small number of colonies. 12. The appearance of resistant strain was found not to be specifically related with the status of microscopical finding on prenephrectomy bladder urine nor with cultural studies on the same specimen.
Drug Resistance ; Humans ; Seoul ; Specimen Handling ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Renal* ; Urinary Bladder ; Urology

Comparative studies were performed between discovery of tubercle bacilli from prenephrectomy bladder urine and other clinical tests as performed on all 19 patients with renal tuberculosis who had been admitted to the Department of Urology at Seoul National University Hospital for the period of April 1958 hrough February 1959. The results in this study were summarized as follows: 1. Modes of antituberculosis medications prior to admission on these patients were as follow: SM only, 4 cases; combined use of SM and PAS, a cases; SM, PAS and INHcombined, 1 cases; unknown, 4 cases, and not used in 3 cases. 2. Durations of antituberculosis medications were as follow: Less one month, 4 cases, less than 6 months, 7 cases; over 6 months, 1 case; unknown, 4 cases, and not used in 3 cases. 3. Positivity rate for microscopic examination was 79% on prenephrectomy bladder urine and when two cases who also developed prostatic tuberculosis were excluded the positivity rate was 76% 4. Discovery of tubercle bacilli was not easy even on urine specimen which showed much protein and many white blood cells. 5. Cases which did not reveal tubercle bacilli on microscopic examination from caseous material of tuberculous renal cavity again showed microscopical negativity from prenephrectomy bladder urine. 6. The presence of the severe lesion of bladder wall was not related with ease with which tubercle bacilli being found from prenephrectomy bladder uriue. 7. Adverse effect was to be foundfrom antituberculosis medication as to the tubercle bacilli on prenephrectomy urine. Cases who had used antituberculosis drugs for less than one month showed high positivity rate equal to the cases who never did. 8. It was deemed unnecessary to stop using antituberculosis medication of less than two months' duration in order to discover tubercle bacilli on prenephrectomy bladder urine. 9.Inability to discover tubercle bacilli on prenephrectomy bladder urine was not wholly due to the previous use of antituberculosis drugs and to raise the positivity rate repeated examination would be indicated.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Seoul ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Renal* ; Urinary Bladder ; Urology

We studied to assess the relationship between intrauterine growth retardation and theincreased nucleated red blood cell counts (NRBC) in small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriatefor gestational age (AGA) neonates with low birth weight. We also evaluated the nucleated red blood cell counts in low birth weight neonates who had either perinatal asphyzia or hyaline membrane disease (HMD) or died within 7 days after birth. The results were as follows: 1) In low birth weight neonates, the mean value for NRBC counts was 9.02/100 WBCs and the mean absolute value for NRBC counts was 0.9210E9/L. 2) The mean values for NRBC counts were 13.4/100 WBCs in SGA and 6.4/100WBCs in AGA. The mean absolute values for NRBC were 1.32x10E9/L in AGA neonates 3) In SGA neonates with low birth weight, the mean NRBC counts wers 19.6/100WBCs in asphyxiated group and 4.5/100WBCs in control group. The mean absolute NRBC counts were 1.9810E9/L in control group. 4) In AGA neonates with low birth weight, the mean NRBC countswere 9.1/100WBCs in asphyxiated group and 2.4/100WBCs in control group. The meanabsolute NRBC counts were 0.98x10E9/L in asphyxiated group and o.23x10E9/L in controlroup. 5) The mean NRBC counts were 13.8/100WBCs in neonates with HMD and 7.1/100WBCs in control group. The mean absolute NRBC counts were 1.50x10E9/L in neonates withHMD and 0.70x10E9/L in control group. 6) The mean NRBC counts were 19.9/100 WBCs in expired group and 6.8/100WBCs in suvived group. The mean absolute NRBC counts were 2.1810E9/L in expired group and 0.66x10E9/L in survived group. 7) The NRBC counts of SGA neonates were significantly higher than that of AGA neonates with low birth weight. 8) The NRBC counts of asphyxiated neonates were significantly higher than that of the control group. 9) The NABC counts of expired neonates were significantly higher than that of the control group. 10) The NRBC counts of expired neonates were significantly higher than that of the survived neonates.
Birth Weight* ; Erythrocyte Count* ; Erythrocytes* ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Hyaline Membrane Disease ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn* ; Parturition*

BACKGROUND: Hair loss including androgenetic alopecia and chronic telogen effluvium is recognized increasingly as a physically and psychologically harmful medical condition. Mesotherapy is considered as a new therapeutic modality for hair loss. OBJECTIVE: We studied to determine the effect of medications used in mesotherapy on hair organ culture and culture of dermal papilla cells. METHODS: First, occipital hair follicles were collected from patients with androgentic alopecia and separated into single hair follicles. The single hair follicles were cultured in William E media mixed with mesotherapy medications such as lidocaine, placental extract, Pondil(R), CRP-1000(R), and mixture of all these medications at different concentrations (1, 10, 50 microliter). On the 8th day, the cultured single hairs were stained with H&E and the length of those was measured under a microscope to compare with control group. Immunofluorescent study was performed to check expression of Ki-67, Bcl-2 and Bax on the hairs. Second, dermal papilla cells were isolated from occipital anagen hairs of patients with androgenetic alopecia and cultured in Dulbeco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM). The mesotherapy medicines were added to the medium with one and two thousand dermal papilla cells, respectively. At the 3rd day, survival of the cells was evaluated with ELISA method comparing with control group. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences of the length of the hairs and the survival of the dermal papilla cells between experimental and control groups. With Bcl-2, we couldn't see any differences between experimental and control groups. With Ki-67, experimental groups showed less expression than control group. On the contrary, experimental groups showed more expression than control group in case of Bax. CONCLUSION: We can conclude from the results that the four medications used in mesotherapy are not effective for growth of cultured hair follicles and survival of cultured dermal papilla cells. However, more study would be needed for the establishment of objective and scientific evidences supporting mesotherapy and we should be in search for new medications for mesotherapy.
Alopecia ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Hair Follicle ; Hair* ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Mesotherapy* ; Organ Culture Techniques*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Osborn wave is the name designated to the wave formation produced when there is a large, prominent deviation of the J point from the baseline. The wave has been reported in many countries, but only 2 cases have been reported in Korea. Thus, the purpose of our study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and therapy of hypothermia employing the Osborn wave with Koreans. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Between February 2001 and April 2001, five patients visiting our department with hypothermia were enrolled in this study. We analyzed these patients for their distribution, symptoms and signs, associated disorders, risk factors, electrocardiogram and laboratory findings. RESULTS: All 5 patients were male with an average age was 44.8+/-12.7 years. Three patients had a semi-comatose mentality and 2 cases had a comatose mentality. Their associated disorders were diabetes (2 cases), psychotic problems (1 case) and nutritional deficiency (1 case). Risk factors were alcohol abuse (3 cases) and drug in toxication (1 case). Laboratory abnormalities were acidosis (4 cases), increased serum glucose levels (all 5 cases) and increased serum potassium levels (3 cases). After active core rewarming by a line heat exchanger, 3 of the 5 patients completely recovered from hypothermia, 1 case immediately expired following admission and 1 case survived for 10 days, but later expired due to acute respiratory distress syndrome. The Osborn wave was persistent in 1 case and disappeared in 3 cases. CONCLUSION: We experienced 5 cases of hypothermia with an Osborn wave. The mortality of patients displaying an Osborn wave is expected to decrease if this anomaly is immediately found and treated by an appropriate method.
Acidosis ; Alcoholism ; Blood Glucose ; Coma ; Electrocardiography* ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hypothermia* ; Korea ; Male ; Malnutrition ; Mortality ; Potassium ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; Rewarming ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus(HPV) 16 is the most frequently found oncogenic HPV type in cervical cancer and the early protein E7 is considered to be one of the two major proteins involved in malignant transformation and maintenance of the transformed phenotype of the cells. It is suggested that serologic detection of anti-HPV antibody in serum can be used as a marker for HPV-associated cervical cancer. We evaluated the efficacy of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method for detecting antibodies circulating in human sera against E7 proteins of HPV 16 in patients with cervical cancer/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) and in normal controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have developed a ELISA method using fusion proteins of HPV 16 E7, expressed in E. coli, as antigen to detect the anti-E7 antibody in human sera. Sera from 276 women(90 patients with invasive cervical cancers, 8 patients with CIN III and 178 healthy women) were tested for the presence of antibodies to E7 proteins. The results were compared with that of polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method. RESULTS: Fifteen(16.7 %) of the 90 cervical cancer sera, one(12.5 %) of the 8 CIN sera and twelve (6.7 %) of the 178 normal sera were reactive with E7 proteins(cut-off value : absorbance (A) = 0.079, x + 3 SD). The detection rate of HPV 16 DNA by PCR were 45.5 %(41/90) in cervical cancer patients, 37.5 %(3/8) in CIN III patients, and 11.8 %(21/178) in normal controls Twelve(29.3 %) of 41 cervical cancer patients harboring HPV 16 DNA showed positive for the anti-E7 antobody. Although the positivity with ELISA was rather lower that of PCR. A statistically significant trend of increasing seropositivity was obtained( 2=6.48 ; df=1 ; p=0.011). The concordance rate between the results of ELISA and PCR was 64.4 %. CONCLUSION: The increasing seropositivity for HPV 16 E7 antibodies in association with malignant progression suggest that these antibodies may be a useful marker for HPV 16-associated cervical cancer. But the facts that in only about one-fifth portion of patients with cervical cancer showed the positive results in ELISA restricts the direct clinical applications. A search for more sensitive and specific serologic method for the detection of antibodies to HPV 16 E7 is needed.
Antibodies* ; DNA ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay* ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Humans* ; Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Serologic Tests ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-a combination of endoscopy a.nd ultrasonography was one of the most useful tools for diagnosis of digestive system diseases. This technique was known to be very effective in the assessment of depth of invasion in gastric cancer and in pancreatico-biliary diseases. We performed EUS in 589 patients with upper gastrointestinal and pancreatico-biliary tract lesion prior to surgery for past 22 months and examined the diagnostic accuracy of EUS, respectively. The results were compared to surgical histology in esophagus and stomach cancer,to concordance witb endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) results for pancreaticobiliary diseases. 1) In 589 patients diagnosed with EUS, the mean age of the patients was 55.9 years with a male to female ratio of 1.7: 1. 2) Patients were divided into three groups; post-upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, post ERCP and undiagnosed with other diagnostic tools. 3) Among post-upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, 64 cases were operated due to esophageal and gastric cancer and then compared to surgical histology. After compared, EUS accuracy on depth of invasion was 78.1% and sensitivity and specificity on lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer were 76.9% and 74.3%, respectively. 4) In post-ERCP cases, EUS results were compared to ERCP results and then concordance rate was 95.4%. 5) In undiagnosed cases, EUS was performed and results were reported.
Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Diagnosis* ; Digestive System Diseases ; Endoscopy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Endosonography ; Esophagus ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Ultrasonography* ; Upper Gastrointestinal Tract*

Endoscopic Variceal Ligation(EVL) was developed as an alternative to endoscopic injection sclerotherapy(EIS) for decreasing of complication rate. This new technique involves placement of small elastic O-rings around the variceal channels in the distal esophagus. To evaluate the efficacy of EVL for treatment of the acute bleeding esophagea1 varices and the efficacy of prophylactic EVL, we compared EVL in 88 patients who had recently bled from esophageal varices(Group 1) and prophylactic EVL in 45 patients with large size(Grade 2 or 3 or 4) and red color sign on endoscopic finding who had not previously had upper gastrointestinal bleeding(Group 2). Also, we compared prophylactic EVL group(Group 2) and control group(Group 3) who did not performed EVL. At the time of treatment 28.4%(25/88) of patients had active bleeding. They were all treated acutely with EVL and repeated treatment for the long-term goal of variceal eradication. Initial hemostatic efficacy of EVL for acute bleeding varices was 92%(23/25). Varices were eradicated or reduced to Grade 1 in 68%(17/2S). Early mortality rate within 2 weeks was 8%(2/25). Among patients who had eradicated or reduced to Grade 1 varices by repeated EVL sessions, over a mean follow-up of 11 months there was no difference between Group 1 and Group 2 in recurrent rate(49.1%(27/63) vs. 46.8% (15/32)), rebleeding rate(10.9'Yo (6/55) vs. 9.3% (3/32)), rebleeding interval(average 75 days vs, 83.6 days). There was significant difference between prophylactic EVL group and con- trol group in bleeding rate(9.3%(3/~32) vs. 43.7%(14/32))~(p<0.05). Three patients(6.6%) died in prophylactic EVL group, two from ligation site bleeding of esophageal varix, one from hepatic failure. In conclsion, EVL is an effective method for treatment of acute bleeding esophageal varices with repeated sessions. Although prophylactic EVL can be used to prevent bleeding by eradication with lower initial morbidity are necessary because of EVL-related complications.
Esophageal and Gastric Varices* ; Esophagus ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Ligation* ; Liver Failure ; Mortality ; Varicose Veins

PURPOSE: To determine the MR imaging findings of synovial sarcoma, with emphasis on the signal characteristicsof pathologically correlated T2-weighted images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images of 14 cases ofpathologically-proven synovial sarcomas were retrospectively reviewed and correlated with the histopathologicfindings. We analyzed the signal intensity of T1- and T2-weighted images and the incidence of triple signalintensity, and evaluated the frequency of fluid-fluid levels, internal fibrous septa, calcification, the invasionof bone or neurovascular bundles and the involvement of joint capsules, as well as the size, location and marginof the tumors and pattern of contrast enhancement. RESULTS: Necrosis, cystic change or hemorrhage was suggested in11 cases, ten of which showed triple signal intensity, and in all cases, was pathologically confirmed. Fluid-fluidlevels were found in three cases and internal septa in ten. In four cases, maximum diameter was less than 5cm, andin nine, was greater than this. No mass was detected in one case. The tumor was located in the low extremity(n=9),pelvic girdle and hip joint area(n=2), scapular(n=1), shoulder joint area(n=1), and scalp(n=1). Eleven casesshowed a relatively well-defined margin and nine showed lobulation. Except in the area of necrosis and cysticchange, the pattern of contrast enhancement was diffuse and inhomogenous. Bony invasion was detected in two cases,neurovascular encasement in four, calcification in four, and joint capsule invasion in four. CONCLUSION: OnT2-weighted images, synovial sarcoma frequently showed triple signal intensity and internal septa with fluid-fluidlevels ; this was induced by cystic changes due to necrosis and hemorrhage.
Hemorrhage ; Hip Joint ; Incidence ; Joint Capsule ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Necrosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Sarcoma, Synovial* ; Shoulder Joint