No abstract available.
Retrospective Studies* ; Ribs* ; Transplants*

One hundred and twenty male rabbits were divided into 8 groups in order to studythe effect of castration and sex hormone administration on water and electrolytesdistribution in kidney, small intestine and lung tissue as follows:Group 1: control (non castrated)Group 2: estrogen injectedGroup 3: androgen injectedGroup 4: progesterone injectedGroup 5: castration control (castrated)Group 6: estrogen injected and castrationGroup 7: androgen injected and castrationGroup 8: progesterone injected and castrationFourteen days after castration, each rabbit in groups 6, 7 and 8 was administeredwith 2,000 units of estrogen, 400 units of androgen and 400 units of progesteronddaily for 3 days consecutively. Three days after the final injection, they weresacrificed by means of cardiac puncture. Immediately after sacrificing the animals, kidney, lung and small intestine were removed to determine the contentsof tissue water. Na, K and Cl. Water content was determined by drying method in 1O0 degrees C oven until the weight remained constant. Na and K in serum and tissue wereanalyzed with Baird flame photometer using lithium nitrate as internal standard.Serum Cl was analyzed by the method of Schales and Schales and tissue Cl by theVan Slyke's. The conclusion is as follows: 1) In control rabbits (non castrated), serum concentration of Na and K was decreased while Cl concentration was increased after administration of estrogen, androgen and progesterone. 2) In castrated rabbits, serum concentration of Na was increased, while K was decreased. Na and K were decreased, while Cl was increased by the administration of sex hormone after castration. 3) In kidney tissue of non castrated rabbits, water content was slightly increased by the administration of sex hormone. The changes in concentration of Na, K, Cl. extracellular space and total Na + K were not significant, while K was increased remarkably in the progesterone group. Also the total Na + K [cell water (Na)] was remarkably increased as high as 47%. 4) In kidney tissue of castrated rabbits, water content and Na were increased, whereas K and Cl were decreased. The administration of sexhormone acted inclusively on the restoration of these levels to the precastration state. The androgen injection provided the most effective result. 5) In lung tissue of non castrated rabbits, Na and K were decreased by the administration of sex hormone. In the androgen group, a decrease of Na and K was most remarkable, Cl in the progesterone group, and Na space and total Na+K in the androgen group were decreased remarkably. 6) In lung tissue of castrated rabbits, water content was increased, and Na, K and Cl were all decreased. The administration of sex hormone acted inclusively on the restoration of these levels to the precastration state. In general, the androgen was most effective among hormones given. 7) In small intestine tissue of non castrated rabbits, Na, K and Cl were increased and also the extracellular space and total Na+K were inclusively increased. 8) In small intestine tissue of castrated rabbits, water content and K were increased while Na was decreased. The administration of sex hormone acted on the restoration to the precastration state in the water content and Na. The androgen was most effective among hormones given.
Animals ; Castration* ; Estrogens ; Extracellular Space ; Humans ; Intestine, Small ; Intestines* ; Kidney* ; Lithium ; Lung* ; Male* ; Progesterone ; Punctures ; Rabbits ; Smell*

No abstract available.
Cleft Lip* ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Nose* ; Transplants*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Inpatients*

Backgronud : Postoperative pain control became anesthesiologist's familiar yield, so many anesthesiologists are very interested in opioid and local anesthetic's characterestics and there cardiovascular effects. It's important which anesthetic has the best pain killing and the least cardiovascular effect. We used epidural opioid and local anesthetics and intravenous opioid to investigate their pain killing and cardiovascular effects. METHODS: We studied 50 patients undergoing gastrectomy. An epidural catheter was placed via the T8-9 or L1-2 interspace. Epidural fentanyl group (Ep-F) received fentanyl 2 microgram/kg in 10ml saline, epidural bupivacaine group (Ep-B), 10 ml 0.25% bupivacaine, and epidural lidocaine group (Ep-L), 10 ml 1.5% lidocaine, epidurally; intravenous fentanyl group (IV-F) received fentanyl, 2 microgram/kg. 50% of the original dose was repeated every hour until the operation ended. Control group was given nothing before general anesthesia. Cardiovascular data was compared between those before and those at 1hour after skin incision. The time interval between end of the operation and the time of first analgesic requirement and the total number of intramuscular analgesic requirements during the first 48hours postoperatively were compared. RESULTS: Urinary output during surgery was significantly larger in group Ep-F. Group Ep-L developed more frequent episodes of hypotension. Group Ep-F, group IV-F and control group required higher enflurane concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Group Ep-F was accompanied less hypotension and postoperative analgesic requirements were reduced.
Anesthesia, General* ; Anesthetics, Local ; Bupivacaine* ; Catheters ; Enflurane ; Fentanyl* ; Gastrectomy* ; Homicide ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Lidocaine* ; Pain, Postoperative ; Skin

No Abstract Available.
Humans ; Poliomyelitis*

No abstract available.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee*

No abstract available.
Arthroplasty* ; Carbon* ; Knee*

The anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) is one of the main structures which have a stabilizing function of the knee. If a knee with a complete tear of ACL is not treated operatively, progressive instability develops, and the knee has a high risk of incurring meniscal is required. From March, 1989 to December 1992, we reconstructed ACL using patellar tendon with Kennedy-ligament augmentation device(LAD) in 26 patients. Nine patients had acute injuries and 17 patients had chronic rupture. In eleven patients operation was done arthroscopically, and in fifteen patients operation was done by arthrotomy. We used quadriceps tendon-patellar periosteum-patellar tendon in 16 cases and bone-patellar tendon-bone in ten cases. The length of follow-up ranged from 6 month to 33 months (mean; 10 months). We obtained satisfactory results in 22 cases.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Patellar Ligament ; Rupture ; Tears ; Tendons

In the orthopaedic field, some elective surgeries such as joint replacement, spinal surgery and limb salvage procedures for musculoskeletal tumors frequently need various amounts of blood transfusions. However, homologous transfusion occasionally results in various side effects, such as allergic reaction, febrile reaction, and the transmission of infectious diseases such as syphilis, hepatitis and AIDS, ctc. Recently, these complications especially in elective surgery might result in medicolegal or social problems. Risks from transfusions in elective surgery can be minimized with prebanked autologous transfusion. To evaluate the necessity of prehanked autogenous transfusion, fifty five patients who had unilateral hybrid total knee arthroplasty (noncemented at the femoral side and cemented at the tibial and patellar sides) were operated on by the same surgeon from April 199S to July 1997 and had autogenous shed blood transfusion were evaluated for postoperative blood loss, amount of autogenous shed blood, amount of transfusion, hemoglobin and hematocrit. The results were as follows: 1. The distribution of preoperative hemoglobin was from 9.6g/dL to 16.5g/dL (average: 1.8g/dL). 2. The distribution of the amount of blood loss for three days postoperatively was from 156ml to 2001 ml (average: 798ml). 3. The distrihution of the amount of transfusion of autogenous shed blood was from 30ml to 600ml (average: 448ml). 4. There were two patients who had febrile reactions above 38 after transfusion of autogenous shed blood. 5. Forty-six patient(84%) had a homologous transfusion and the average amount of transfusion was 1.9 pint. 6. Total amount of homologous transfusion was decreased according to the increased amount of hemoglobin and the amount of transfusion was statistically decreased above the level of I 3g/dL(Students t-test, P=0.0005). 7. There were no significant differences in the amount of homologous transfusion between age, sex, type of disease, type of implants. In conclusion, most of our patients(84%) needed homologous blood transfusion in unilateral hyhrid total knee arthroplasty and the amount of transfusion decreased in patients who had hemoglobin above 13.0g/dL. So we recommend preparing banked autogenous hlood preoperatively in patients who have a lower hemoglobin level in unilateral hyhrid total knee arthroplasty.
Arthroplasty* ; Blood Transfusion* ; Communicable Diseases ; Hematocrit ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Joints ; Knee* ; Limb Salvage ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; Social Problems ; Syphilis