al blood lactic acid monitoring is simple, easy and practical to use in predicting prognosis of ICU patients sensitively.

OBJECTIVE:To set up a HPLC method for the determination of the contents of notoginsenoside R1,ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 in Sanqishangyao tablets.METHODS:It was performed on VP-ODS (150mm?4.6mm,5?m),and the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water with gradient elution system(0～20min(20∶80),20～26min(40∶60),26～35min(20∶80)).The flow rate was 1.0mL?min-1 and the column temperature was room temperature.The detection wavelength was 203nm.RESULTS:The liner range of notoginsenoside R1 was 0.261～7.83?g(r=0.999 9)and the average recovery was (101.12?2.03)%(RSD=2.1%).The liner range of ginsenoside Rg1 was 0.602 5～18.075?g(r=0.999 7)and the average recovery rate was (97.22?3.33)%(RSD=1.9%).The liner range of ginsenoside Rb1 was 0.537 5～16.125?g(r=0.999 6)and the average recovery rate was(100.71?2.4)%(RSD=1.6%).CONCLUSION:The method is suitable for the content determination of notoginsenoside R1,ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 in Sanqishangyao Tablets.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of Leprosy Elimination Compaigns (LEC) integrated with routine case- finding of leprosy in the high leprosy- epidemic areas in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan Provinces. Methods Extensive health education of leprosy in the community, training of paramedical workers on leprosy, clue survey and contact survey were carried out to make diagnosis and provide treatment. Results A total of 122 new leprosy cases were detected in 6 high leprosy- epidemic counties through LEC in 1999 with a detection rate of 3.7/100 000, but in contrast, the annual number of newly detected leprosy cases was 67 cases with an average detection rate of 2/100 000 during the period of 3 years before LEC. Among the newly detected leprosy cases, about 47％ were leprosy household contacts. Conclusion LEC combined with routine activities of case finding can improve the detection of the back- log cases in the communities. In the high epidemic areas, especially in the remote and difficult- to- access areas, majority of leprosy cases can be detected through combining active and passive case- finding methods, providing extensive health education, improving leprosy services in skin clinic, leprosy contact and clue surveys.

Objective To analyze the detection modes of leprosy and their influencing factors and outcomes. Methods Based upon the nationwide registration of leprosy patients detected during 1981～ 1998, the profiles of these patients at detection were studied. Results The proportions of cases significantly correlated with calendar years in the detection by dermatologic clinic, contact check, clue survey and mass survey, showing a significant increases in percentage of cases detected through dermatologic clinic and contact check and decreases through clue survey and mass survey. Detection of leprosy cases through dermatologic clinic and voluntary reporting became the main modes of case－ finding during 1997－ 1998, accounting for 37.3％ and 28.6％ respectively, whereas contact check only accounted for 9.1％ . More MB patients were detected by voluntary reporting than PB, whereas detection by dermatologic clinic resulted in a significantly higher proportion (38.0％ ) in PB patients than in MB (33.5％ ). The voluntary reporting and clue survey resulted in higher proportions of detection in prefecture and county rural areas. In areas with good facilities of dermatologic services, significantly higher extent (75.9％ ) of cases were detected through dermatologic clinic, whereas the voluntary reporting and clue survey were main modes of case detection in endemic areas. A great majority of cases were confirmed by leprosy units even though they were detected by various modes. Only 6.5％ of leprosy cases were detected and consequently confirmed by doctors in dermatologic clinics. Conclusion This study emphasizes the importance of providing training on leprosy to the doctors in dermatologic clinics while continuously encouraging their involvement in leprosy control.

BACKGROUND: Total hip arthroplasy is an effective method to treat hip disease caused by ankylosing spondylitis. Long-term fol ow-up studies have shown that there have been hip function problems after total hip arthroplasy, and it stil lacks of perfect rehabilitation programs. OBJECTIVE: To systematical y review the influential factors for dysfunction after total hip arthroplasy in ankylosing spondylitis patients. METHODS: The first and second authors retrieved PubMed and Sciencedirect Databases, CNKI, and Wanfang digital database for relevant articles published from January 1970 to July 2015. The key words were “arthroplasty, replacement, hip, spondylitis, ankylosing, function”. Final y, relevant articles were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 40 articles were summarized, including 8 Chinese articles and 32 English articles. After total hip arthroplasy, hip function problems were mainly associated with patient’s factors, disease, surgery, prosthesis, postoperative recovery and postoperative complications. Avoiding above relevant factors can improve joint function after total hip arthroplasy for ankylosing spondylitis patients, and improve patient’s quality of life.

Objective To explore the effect of contract learning on rehabilitation training to patients with stroke . Methods According to the random number table, 120 stroke patients were randomly divided in equal number into control group and observation group. The patients in the control group were treated with conventional nursing during hospitalization and health guidance during follow-up. The patients in the observation group were given rehabilitation training according to contracted learning during the period of hospitalization and follow-up. The time was 6 months. The quality of life was compared between the two groups of patients before and after the intervention, 1 months after discharge, 6 months after discharge. Results After six months of intervention, the 7 dimensions of quality of life, including daily life ability, hand function, mobility, strength, emotion, communication and participation in the intervention group were significantly better than those of the control group (P<0.001). The 6 dimensions of quality of life, including daily life ability, hand function, mobility, strength, emotion, and communication of the control group were significantly better than before the intervention (P<0.001). Conclusion For stroke patients, the rehabilitation training under the learning contract can improve the effect of rehabilitation training so as to improve the quality of life and the prognosis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the surgical methods to treat maxillary sinus benign diseases with nasal endoscopy. METHOD: Forty-one cases with maxillary sinus benign diseases inducing maxillary sinus polyps, cysts, mycosis, inverted papilloma were operated on using nasal endoscopy in three approaches, such as single pathway of extended ostium of maxillary sinus, two pathway of middle and inferior meatus, two pathway of extended ostium of maxillary sinus and lateral wall of nasal cavity. RESULT: All patients were followed up for a period of more than 6 months, 39 cases were cured (95.1%), 2 cases relapsed. CONCLUSION Maxillary sinus benign diseases can be excised by three kinds of approaches under nasal endoscopy surgery, and they are minimal invasive effective and worthy of clinical expansion.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maxillary Diseases ; surgery ; Maxillary Sinus ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Paranasal Sinus Diseases ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective: The aim of the study is to validate whether the Recognition Of Stroke In the Emergency Room (ROSIER) scale can be used by general practitioners (GPs) in an emergency medical service (EMS) protocol to transfer stroke patients from primary care center to advanced hospital with acute stroke center. Methods: GPs prospectively performed the ROSIER scale and the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (CPSS) on suspected stroke patients as a transfer protocol. All patients were immediately transferred to the Level-II hospital for further treatment. Results: 468 of the 512 suspected stroke patients met the inclusion criteria in this study. The ROSIER scale showed a diagnostic sensitivity of 83.13% (95% confidence intervals [CI] 79.74-86.52%) and specificity of 80.88% (95% CI 77.32- 84.44%). The CPSS showed a diagnostic sensitivity of 78.01% (95% CI 74.26-81.76%) and specificity of 70.59% (95% CI 66.46-74.72%). The Kappa statistic value of the ROSIER scale and the CPSS were 0.601 and 0.454, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of ROSIER scale was large than the CPSS (AUC 0.855 vs. 0.791). However, the difference was not significantly different. Conclusions: This study suggest that ROSIER and CPSS could be used in an EMS protocol to transfer stroke patients from a primary care center to an advanced hospital offering thrombolysis service
Stroke

Objective To investigate the operation strategy of pediatric intracranial arachnoid cysts (IACs).Methods Surgical intervention was performed in 76 patients with pediatric IACs,admitted to our hospital from January 2003 to October 2013; cyst-peritoneal shunt was chosen in 40 patients and fistulation in 36 (including microscopic fistulation in 31 and endoscopic fistulation in 5).According to the changes of cyst volume and the relief of symptoms,the efficacy was evaluated,and the complications after operation,including the recent complications (within 2 months of operation) and long-term complications (longer than 2 months of surgery),were observed.Results The efficiency of cysts-peritoneal shunt was 80％ (32/40); the rate of recent complication for patients performed cysts-peritoneal shunt was approximately 17.5％ (7/40),including 3 of CSF leakage,3 of intracranial infection and 1 of wound infection; the rate of long-term complications was approximately 22.5％ (9/40),including 3 of shunt-dependency,2 of intracranial infection,2 of obstruction of the catheter,1 of off the catheter and 1 of skin channel infections.Meanwhile,the efficiency of fistulation was approximately 91.67％ (33/36); the rate of recent complication was approximately 8.33％ (3/36),including 1 of intracranial infection,2 of subdural hematoma; the rate of long-term complications was 0.Significant difference was noted in the surgical efficiency (x2=1.126,P=0.289) and the rate of recent complication (x2=0.707,P=0.401) between cyst-peritoneal shunt and fistulation; however,the rate of long-term complications in patients after cyst-peritoneal shunt insertion was significantly higher than that in patients after fistulation (x2=7.159,P=0.008).Conclusion Fistulation might be the preferred method for pediatric IACs,and shunt should be avoided.

Objective To summarize the clinical features of pediatric intracranial arachnoid cysts (IACs).Methods Retrospective analysis of clinical data of 488 patients with pediatric IACs,admitted to our hospital from January 2003 to September 2013,was performed; 342 males and 146 females (M∶F=2.34∶1,mean age=[5.61±3.25] years) were chosen.Results A total of 221 patients (45.29％) were discovered accidentally,while 267 patients (54.71％) existed clinical chief complaints,including123 (46.07％) can be found being responsible for.Atotalof364 patients (74.59％) were simple IACs,and 124 patients (25.41％) were combined with other congenital diseases.IACs located at the middle cranial fossa (n=355,72.75％),the posterior fossa (n=82,16.80％),the anterior cranial fossa (n=20,4.10％),the cerebralconvexity (n=12,2.46％),the suprasellarcistern (n=7,1.43％),the intracerebral ventricle (n=5,1.02％),the quadrigeminal cistern (n=5,1.02％),and the inter hemispheres (n=2,0.41％).Four hundred and forty-nine patients (92.01％) were single cyst,and 39 (7.99％) were multiple cysts.In aspect of the tension effects based on imaging,127 patients (26.02％) were positive,and 361 (73.98％) were negative.All 76 patients (15.57％) accepted surgical operation,and 412 (84.43％) adopted the conservative treatment.After 3-72 months follow-up (mean 32.43±8.92 months),the symptoms relieved and the volume of cysts reduced in operation cases in different degrees; while 407 patients (98.78％) were stable,3 (0.73％) worsened on clinical symptoms,and 2 (0.49％) were improved.Conclusions The clinical complaints of IACs in children are complex,but only part could be determined the responsibility relations between the clinical complaints and IACs.Some IACs could be accompanied with other congenital diseases.In the natural history of IACs,most cysts maintain the stable volume,and only a few ofIACs need operation intervention.