Objective To investigate the clinical effect of hysteroscopy combined with foley balloon tamponade in the management of caesarean scar pregnancy ( CSP ) . Methods Twenty-one cases were diagnosed as having CSP by ultrasound examinations from January 2008 to November 2013.Among them, 11 cases with serum β-hCG below 500 IU/L underwent the surgery after taking mifepristone for 2 days, while 10 cases with serum β-hCG over 500 IU/L underwent surgery after injection of MTX combined with oral administration of mifepristone for 7 -14 days.All the cases were treated by hysteroscopy combined with foley balloon tamponade . Results The hysteroscopic operation was successfully conducted in 19 of 21 cases, with the operate time ranged 15-42 min.One case was given a second hysteroscopy and one case required a secondary laparoscopic procedure for the uterine perforation.In 18 cases with preoperative serum β-hCG below 500 IU/L, the intraoperative blood loss was 20 -100 ml, while in another 3 cases with preoperative serum β-hCG 1085-2760 IU/L, the blood loss was 200-800 ml.Follow-up examinations at clinic for 2-4 weeks in 16 cases showed levels of β-hCG declined to normal and recovery of menstruation at 43-56 postoperative days with normal menses amount . Conclusion Hysteroscopy combined with foley balloon tamponade in the management of CSP offers advantages of safety and effectiveness , which is deserved to clinical application .

Humans ; Indocyanine Green ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Failure

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of metallic hemoclips in the treatment of gastric defects during endoscopic full-thickness resection. Methods Patients with submucosal tumors derived from the muscularis propria and adhesion of the gastric serosa diagnosed by EUS and CT were enrolled in the study.A total of 62 patients,22 males and 40 females,mean age 58.5 years,were recruited into the present study from June 2009 to December 2010,in which 37 patients were with tumors in gastric fundus,20 in gastric body and 5 in antrum.All patients were treated with endoscopic full-thickness resection.After the operation,metallic hemoclips were used to close the defects through endoscopic biopsy channel.The closure success rate with metallic hemoclips were assessed.The patients were followed up endoscopically for evaluation of efficacy and safety of the procedures.Results All patients underwent endoscopic full-thickness resection.Uncontrollable bleeding occurred in 1 patient,who subsequently underwent emergent laparoscopic surgery and was excluded from the study.Metallic hemoclips were applied to close defects in 57 patients,and metallic hemoclips combined with omentum obstruction in 4 patients.The overall success rate was 100％ in 61 patients.Endoscopic follow-up was completed in all patients in average of 4.4 months.The clinical wound healing rate was 100％.No complications such as fever,abdominal pain were found in 2months after the procedures.Conclusion Application of metallic hemoclips during endoscopic full-thickness resection for gastric defects is a safe and effective technique.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for elderly patients with periampullary diverticula accompanied with choledocholithiasis.Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinical data of 297 elderly patients with age ＞70 years and periampullary diverticula accompanied with choledocholithiasis who were admitted to the Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University between January 2013 and January 2016 were collected.All the patients received lithotomy by ERCP after completion of preoperative preparation,and then underwent symptomatic treatment.Observation indicators included:(1) treatment results:cannulation time,success rate of cannulation and success rate of stones removed;(2) surgical complications:hemorrhage,perforation and pancreatitis;(3) follow-up results.All patients were followed up by outpatient examination and telephone interview up to December 2016.Follow-up included postoperative delayed perforation,patients' survival,further attack of acute cholangitis and reoperation for removing stones.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as x ± s,and measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range).Results (1) Treatment results:all the 297 patients underwent successful lithotomy by ERCP,with a cannulation time of (5±4)minutes and a success rate of cannulation of 100.00％ (297/297).Of 297 patients,292 had one-off success of stones removed,with a one-off success rate of 98.32％ (292/297),and 5 received partial stones removed due to choledocholithiasis combined with acute cholangitis.(2) Surgical complications:4 patients were complicated with immediate hemorrhage during intraoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST).Bleeding of 1 patient was cauterized by biopsy forceps,and 3 patients had simplex JHY-BAL compression hemostasis.Two patients with postoperative delayed hemorrhage had successful hemostasis by biopsy forceps with metal hemostatic clip under endoscope after emergency duodenoscopy.One patient with intraoperative perforation was cured by conservative treatment.Two patients with severe acute pancreatitis underwent continuous gastrointestinal decompression combined with maintenance therapy of somatostatin,and then received endoscopic ultrasound-guided puncture and drainage for pseudocyst around the pancreas,with a stable symptoms of pancreatitis after 4 weeks.(3) Follow-up results:all the 297 patients were followed up for 6-12 months,with a median time of 8 months.During follow-up,292 patients had healthy survival,without recurrences of cholangitis and bile duct stone,and no delayed perforation and death were detected.Five patients underwent the second time lithotomy by ERCP after 2-3 months postoperatively.Conclusion Lithotomy by ERCP is safe and effective in the treatment of elderly patients with periampullary diverticula accompanied with choledocholithiasis.

Objective To evaluate clinical efficacy and safety of endoscopic radial incision( ERI) for benign stricture of esophageal anastomosis. Methods Clinical data of 17 patients with benign stricture of e?sophageal anastomosis undergoing ERI from October 2013 to September 2014 were retrospectively studied. Im?provement of clinical symptom and treatment?related complication or discomfort were intensively analysed. Re?sults All 17 patients successfully received ERI procedures, and the mean operating time was 10 minutes with a mean of 4 incisions. Obvious bleeding and mis?cut of normal mucosa occurred in 1 case, and this patient was cured by endoscopic hemostasis, gastrointestinal decompression and administration of antibiotics. Heartburn oc?curred in 5 patients and disappeared spontaneously without other complications or discomfort. Dysphagia score decreased from 3?11 to 0?90 in the second day after ERI(P<0?01).The mean follow?up time was 15?5 months ( range 9?20 months) . The dysphagia score showed no significant difference between the follow?up period and the second day after ERI ( P>0?05 ) . Conclusion ERI is simple, safe and effective for treating benign stricture of esophageal anastomosis.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of nylon ligation combined with endoscopic high-frequency electric snare for the treatment of colorectal polyps.MethodsThe clinical data of 345 patients with colorectal polyps who received the treatment of nylon ligation combined with endoscopic high-frequency electric snare at the Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University from January 2006 to January 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.Complications including bleeding and perforation were observed.Postoperative wound healing and local residual recurrence were assessed during follow-up.ResultsA total of 362 colorectal polyps were successfully removed.The mean diameter of the colorectal polyps was 2.7 cm (range,1.5-4.0 cm). Operative bleeding occurred in 1 patient,and perforation in 1 patient.The results of histological examination showed that 93.6％(339/362) colorectal polyps were adenoma,17 were hyperplastic polyps,5 were inflammatory polyps,and caneeration of colorectal polyps in 1 patient was detected.Endoscopic follow-up was completed in 334 patients at the first month after operation,and 9 patients with residual benign colorectal polyps received endoscopic resection.No residue or recurrence was found in the other patients.Endoscopic follow-up was completed in 308 patients at the second months after operation,and no residue or recurrence was found.The overall effective rate was 97.1％ (299/308).ConclusionEndoscopic nylon ligation combined with endoscopic high-frequency electric snare is effective and safe for the treatment of colorectal polyps.

Objective To determine the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) for local residual and recurrent lesions in digestive tract after endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR).Methods From June 2006 to November 2007, 15 patients with local residual and recurrent lesions of digestive tract after EMR underwent ESD. The procedures of ESD were as follows: normal saline was injected into the sub-to elevate the lesions from the muscle layer, and the mucosa around the lesions were pre-cut, then the connective tissue of the submucosa beneath the lesions was dissected, and the scar beneath the lesion was re-sected along the plane of the submucosa with a Hook-knife. Results The mean diameter of 15 residual and re-current lesions after EMR were 2. 3 era(0.8 ～ 3. 5 cm), of which 6 lesions were located in stomach, 3 in colon and 6 in rectunm. All cases showed negative lifting sign due to scar formation. Fourteen lesions were completely re-sected and the overall resection rate was 93.3%(14/15). It was pathologically confirmed that 13 cases showed no tumor involvement in lateral and basal resection margins, and the complete resection rate was 86.7% (13/15).The mean operation time was 87 min(ranging from 60 to 155 min). Minor bleeding occurred during ESD in all ca-ses, but there was no postoperative bleeding. Two cases had free air in abdominal cavity due to deep dissection,but recovered with conservative treatment after ESD without surgical involvement. The perforation rate was 13.3%(2/15). The mean follow-up period was 13 months and no recurrence was recorded. Conclusion ESD proves to be a novel, safe and effective procedure for local residual and recurrent lesions after previous EMR, which makes it possible to resect the lesions completely and provide precise pathological information.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of 4 types of endoscopic nylon ligation in the treatment of submucosal tumors in upper gastrointestinal tract. Methods Those with submucosal tumors located in esophagus, stomach or duodenum were enrolled in the study. All patients were treated with endoscopic nylon ligation, which included direct ligation, ligation with a transparent cap, ligation with dual-channel endoscope, and ligation in combination with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).The patients were followed up endoscopically for evaluation of efficacy and safety of the procedures. Results A total of 128 patients were recruited into the present study from June 2006 to December 2008. The tumors were in esophagus in 28 patients, in stomach in 82 and in duodenum in 18. Direct ligation was applied in 3 patients, ligation with a transparent cap in 105, ligation with a dual-channel endoscope in 8, and ligation plus ESD in 12. Endoscopic follow-up was completed in 111 patients. Reduced lesion size was observed in 16 patients ( 14. 4% ), residue nylon in 16 ( 14. 4% ) and no lesion in 71 others (63.9%). The overall effective rate was 92.8%. No delayed perforation or bleeding occurred. Conclusion Endoscopic ligation with nylon thread in combination with other assistant approaches is effective and safe for the treatment of submucosal tumors in upper gastrointestinal tract.

Objective To evaluate the safety, indications and clinical efficacy of single balloon enteroscopy (SBE) for diagnosis of small bowel diseases. Methods Data of 30 patients (21 males and 9 females) with suspected small bowel diseases, who underwent SBE from June to September 2009, were retrospectively studied to analyze the access, procedure time and complications of SBE. Results A total of 35 SBE procedures were performed on 30 patients. Procedures were performed via oral, anal and the combined routes in 15, 10 and 5 cases, respectively, and definite diagnosis was made in26 cases (86. 7% ). The average access times via oral and anal routes were 49.7 min and 48. 6 min, respectively. Patietns showed normal vital signs during the procedures. No such procedure-related complications as cadiovascular events, severe abdominal pain, bleeding or perforation, were observed. Conclusion SBE is a safe and reliable diagnostic modality of high clinical value for small bowel diseases.

Objective To investigate the value of dynamic three-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasound (3D-CEUS) in evaluating therapeutic response of hepatoma treated with radiofrequency ablation (RFA).Methods Totally 48 cases of patients with hepatic carcinoma (48 lesions) admitted in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from September 2012 to January 2014 were selected.All patients underwent radiofrequency ablation,of which 30 patients were diagnosed by pathology after surgery,18 patients by clinical diagnosis.All patients underwent two-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasound (2D-CEUS) and 3D-CEUS 1 month and 3 months after RFA treatment to evaluate the therapeutic response,and the results of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and enhanced computed tomography (CT) [or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)] were compared.The final diagnostic results of pathologic biopsy or more than two imaging examinations [ultrasonography,CT,MRI,positron emission tomography (PET)],tumor markers,and more than 3 months follow-up of patients were used as the gold standard.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of dynamic 3D-CEUS,2D-CEUS,enhanced CT (or MRI) in the diagnosis of tumor inactivation were calculated respectively.Results After radiofrequency ablation,dynamic 3D-CEUS could provide more valuable information in 75.0％ (36/48) lesions,which contribute to assess the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation.While compared with 2D-CEUS,3D-CEUS did not change the diagnosis or clinical management in 12 (25.0％) lesions.40 of 48 lesions were found no-enhancement in entire CEUS procedure suggesting that the tumor completely inactivated,while 8 lesions showed local enhancement on the edge of lesion suggesting that part of the tumors were active.39 of 48 lesions showed no-enhancement and other 9 with irregular enhancement on enhanced CT (or MRI).The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of CEUS and enhanced CT (or MRI) in detection of residual tumor after radiofrequency ablation were 80.0％,100％,95.8％ and 80.0％,97.4％,93.8％,respectively.Conclusions There was no statistical significance among 3D-CEUS,2D-CEUS and enhanced CT or MRI in evaluating therapeutic response of hepatoma treated with radiofrequency ablation.But 3D-CEUS can provide more valuable information,3D-CEUS has potential usefulness in the evaluation of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of hepatic tumors.