OBJECTIVE To investigate the status and countermeasures of the clinical nurse injuries caused by sharp instruments.METHODS The related data of the 76 cases reported for clinical nurses stab injury by applying our hospital "Medical Sharp Instruments Injury Registration Form" were analyzed.RESULTS The kinds of sharp instruments inducing sharps instrument injured in 76 cases were scalp puncture(43.4%),various syringe needles(28.9%),glass(14.5%),suture needles(5.3%)and others(7.9%);the main causes of sharp injuries were the post-operation processing(34.2%),opening the ampoules with the fingers and thumb(14.5%),capping needles(13.1%)and withdrawal of the needles(9.2%);57.9% of the sharp instrument injuries were stabbed by blood contaminated needles.Among them,23 cases(30.3%)stabbed due to the patients with the blood borne infectous diseases such as hepatitis B and hepatitis C.And 89.5% among them were without wearing gloves.Only 10 injured nurses of the 22 cases were injected hepatitis B immunoglobulin.CONCLUSIONS The important measures to reduce the clinical sharp instrument injuries are:to strengthen the "standard precautions" idea,raise awareness of occupational protection and performance standards,and strengthen the monitoring and management of the sharp injuries.

Objective To evaluate the functional and aesthetic disturbance of patients treated with lingual orthodontic surgery and to investigate the key points of laboratory procedure and clinical treatment of lingual orthodontic deformity. Methods A total of 30 cases of Angle class Ⅰ with moder-ate crowding were selected. They were equally divided into two groups: one group was treated using lingual brackets, and the other using conventional labial brackets. Each patient completed a four-part survey right after the bracket placing and 7, 28, 56 days after the treatment. The differences of tongue-lip-cheek soreness, eating and speech difficulties and aesthetic problems were evaluated be-tween two groups. Lateral cephalograms were analyzed at the start of the treatment and the end of the overall treatment. Results Speech difficulties of lingual orthodontics were significantly greater (P<0.01) than that in the labial orthodontics group in the first week of the treatment. Eating difficulties were greater (P<0.01) in the lingual orthodontics group by 28 days, whereas aesthetic problems were greater in group using labial appliance than group lingual appliance. Conclusions In the first two months of the orthodontic treatment, eating and speech difficulties are the most severe problems for the lingual group. Lingual orthodontics offers important aesthetic advantages over labial orthodontics, and it will be one of the development directions of current orthodontics.

Nitrogen balance of normal developed, healthy preschool children 4-7 yrs old, lodged in the kindergartens was studied. 105 preschool children were divided into 15 groups at different protein intakes ranged from 6.28g /MJ to 10.35g/MJ. Prominant correlationship was shown between the intake of protein g/MJ (x) and the retained nitrogen g/kg (y), r= 0.6709, n= 15, p

Objective To evaluate the clinical characterization and therapy efficacy on early epilepsy patients after viral encephalitis.Methods To analyze eighty-two early epilepsy patients after viral encephalitis about their onset of illness age,epileptic type,infarction locus and therapy efficacy.Results Early epilepsy patients after viral encephalitis patient's condition and incidence is associated with severity of viral encephalitis and complication.Conclusion To ef- fectively control the patient's condition of viral encephalitis and complication is associated with onset of epilepsy.

OBJECTIVE Toinvestigatetheantidepressantandantianxietyeffectofproanthocyani-dins(OPC)inchronicallystressedratsanditsunderlyingmechanism.METHODS Onemethodwas selected from 8 different stress methods each day,and the rats were treated with OPC (25,50 and 1 00 mg·kg -1 )1 h before the stress method.The chronically stressed model was established.After 21 d stress experi ment,the i mmobility ti me in force swi mming test,sucrose consu mption and the nu mber of marbles buried in the marble burying test were observed respectively each day.OPC (25,50 and 1 00 mg·kg -1 )was given 1 h before each test.In addition,Western blotting was used to analyze the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element-bindingprotein(p-CREB)inthehippocampusandfrontalcortex.RESULTS Comparedwith the control group,the chronically stressed group showed obvious depressive-like and anxiety-like behav-ior,while the immobility time decreased from (90.57 ±4.27)s in chronically stressed group to (78.25 ± 2.53)s (P<0.05),(72.12 ±3.21 )s(P<0.05)and (60.77 ±3.41 )s (P<0.05)when ig given OPC 25,50 and 100 mg·kg -1 respectively,the ratio of sucrose preference increased from (42.80 ±4.92)%to (67.54 ±4.32)%(P<0.05)and (72.21 ±7.99)%(P<0.05)when ig given OPC 50 and 1 00 mg· kg -1 respectively,the number of buried marbles decreased from 1 .57 ±0.21 in chronically stressed group to 0.63 ±0.26 (P<0.05)and 0.44 ±0.1 8 (P<0.05)when ig given OPC 50 and 1 00 mg·kg -1 respectively.The expression of p-CREB in the hippocampus and frontal cortex distinctively increased in OPC group (25,50 and 100 mg·kg -1 )(P<0.05),so did the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus andfrontalcortexinOPCgroup(50and100mg·kg-1)(P<0.05).CONCLUSION OPCcanreverse the depressive-like and anxiety-like behavior in chronically stressed rats,which may be related to the cAMP-CREB-BDNF signal transduction cascades.

Objective: To establish a microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry assay for simultaneous determination of multiple elements in placenta. Methods: Fresh placental tissues were dried at 60 ℃ for 15 h and ground into power. Then, 0.3 g homogenized samples were digested in a microwave digestion system. The interference from mass spectrometry was removed using the kinetic energy discrimination model in the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the baseline interference was removed by online internal standards. The contents of 17 elements were determined in placental specimens using the established microwave digestion -inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry assay, including V, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, Cu, Zn, Mn, As, Sn, Sb, Ba, Se, Cd, Pb, Hg and Tl. Results: Good linearity was shown for V, Ni, Co, Cr, As, Se, Cd, Pb and Tl at 1 to 50 µg/L, Fe at 100 to 5 000 µg/L, Zn, Cu, Mn and Ba at 10 to 500 µg/L, Sn and Sb at 0.1 to 5 µg/L, and Hg at 0.2 to 2 µg/L, with all correlation coefficients of 0.999 8 and higher. The detection limits of these 17 elements ranged from 0.5 to 100 μg/kg, with relative standard deviations of 2.1% to 6.5%, and recovery rates of 83.3% to 110.0%. The determination results of 17 elements were all within the normal reference range defined in the certified reference materials of chicken (GBW10018). Conclusions The microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry established based on optimized pretreatments and mass spectrometry detection conditions, is feasible for simultaneous determination of multiple elements in placenta.

In this study ,we analyzed the genetic characterizations and propagation paths of measles viruses prevalent in Ningbo ,China from 2004 to 2013 .Measles viruses were isolated from throat swab specimens from 2004 to 2013 ,and 450 bp fragments of C terminus of nucleoprotein (N) gene were amplified by RT-PCR .Sequence analysis was conducted of all 31 virus strains ,and then compared with other measles virus strains published in GenBank .Results showed that all the 31 measles virus isolates belonged to genotype H1 ,6 strains (one strains in 2004 and 5 ones in 2005) belonged to H1b subtype ,and others be-longed to H1a subtype .Compared the 31 strains to the China 93-4 and China 94-7 ,the homology of 450 bp fragments of C ter-minus of nucleoprotein (N) gene were 97 .1%-100% and 96 .7%-100% ,respectively .The homology of 450 bp fragments of nu-cleotide and nucleotide (amino acids) compared with S191 were 81 .9%-92 .4% and 87 .2%-90 .6% ,respectively .It’s suggested that genotype H1 measles virus circulated in Ningbo from 2004 to 2013 ,and H1a was the predominant epidemic strain ,and H1b strain was existed as well .There are five different transmission chains of H1a subtype caused measles co-circulations in Ning-bo .

Objective To investigate nursing intervention on prevention of deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity in total hip arthroplasty (DVT).Methods A total of 66 patients with orthopedic replacement surgery in our hospital were randomly divided into control group and treatment group,with 33 cases in each group,given conventional care and comprehensive nursing intervention,respectively.The incidences of deep vein thrombosis were compared.Results Pulmonary embolism occurred in three patients during surgery in the control group,and one patient in the treatment group.And 5 cases occurred DVT after one month in the control group,one patient with DVT in treatment group,and there was significantly difference in two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Comprehensive nursing intervention for patients undergoing hip replacement surgery can effectively reduce the incidence of deep venous thrombosis,reduce the risk of rehabilitation,and improve the prognosis of patients.

Objective To investigate nursing intervention on prevention of deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity in total hip arthroplasty (DVT).Methods A total of 66 patients with orthopedic replacement surgery in our hospital were randomly divided into control group and treatment group,with 33 cases in each group,given conventional care and comprehensive nursing intervention,respectively.The incidences of deep vein thrombosis were compared.Results Pulmonary embolism occurred in three patients during surgery in the control group,and one patient in the treatment group.And 5 cases occurred DVT after one month in the control group,one patient with DVT in treatment group,and there was significantly difference in two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Comprehensive nursing intervention for patients undergoing hip replacement surgery can effectively reduce the incidence of deep venous thrombosis,reduce the risk of rehabilitation,and improve the prognosis of patients.

Objective:To summarize our clinical experience of robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RALPN), and to discuss its efficacy and safety. Methods:Between December 2007 and October 2008, 6 patients with small exophytie renal masses underwent intraperitoneal robotic partial nephrectomy utilizing the Da Vinci sur-gical system. The perioperative data were collected, and were compared with those performed the same operation in abroad and those performed laparoseopic partial nephrectomy(LPN) with the same team in internal. Results: All the operations were accomplished successfully except the one which required conversion to open nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) due to bleeding occured after the renal artery had been clamped. The mean lesion diameter was 3.2 (2.2-3.6)cm; the mean operative time (not including preoperative set-up time of the Da Vinci surgical system) was 130 (110-160) minutes; the mean warm ischemia time were 40(33-50)minutes; the mean estimated blood loss was 188 (100-380) ml. The patients were ambulant in the 7th postoperative days, and tubes were removaled in 3 days, and mean hospital stay was 9 (8-12)days. Renal function of all patients was in the normal range. Pathology revealed renal cell carcinoma in five, papillary renal cell carcinoma in one. All resection margins were negative. Follow-up ranged from 4 to t5 months, no local residual lesions, local recurrence, incision implantation and dis-tant metastasis were found in all patients. Conclusions.. Robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy can be safe-ly performed in selected patients, and it is a feasible approach and a minimally invasive operation for small renal tumors.