OBJECTIVE To comprehend characteristics and risk factors of lower respiratory tract infection after tracheotomy.METHODS Lower respiratory tract infection condition of 60 cases with tracheotomy was investigated.Risk factors were analyzed.RESULTS The prevalence of nosocomial infection was 93.3%,mainly lower respiratory tract infection(82.1%).The most common pathogens were Gram-negative bacilli.This group of patients had the seriously underlying diseases.In the treatment they carried on the trachea intubation,the tracheotomy,oxygen inhalation,sputum aspiration,atomization and so on.The time the tracheotomy and days in hospital be longer,the lower respiratory tract infection be higher.CONCLUSIONS The trachea intubation,the tracheotomy,the time of tracheotomy and the longer days in hospital may be the risk factors which can cause the lower respiratory tract infection.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of thyroid globulin antibody(TgAb)and thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb)in the diagnosis and treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC).Methods A total of 346 patients with thyroid nodules who underwent surgical treatment in the hospital from August 2012 to October 2021 were selected as the research objects.According to the postoperative pathologi-cal results,the patients were divided into the benign nodule group,PTMC group and non-micro papillary thy-roid carcinoma(PTC)group.The general data of the patients and thyroid function indexes[free triiodothyro-nine(FT3),free tetraiodothyronine(FT4),thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH),TgAb and TPOAb]before and after operation were collected,the tumor recurrence or lymph node metastasis after operation were ob-served,and the relationship between serum TgAb and TPOAb and the risk and prognosis of PTMC was ana-lyzed.Results The positivity rate of TgAb in the PTMC and non-micro PTC groups was significantly higher than that in the benign nodule group(P<0.05).The TPOAb positivity rate was not significantly different among the three groups(P>0.05).Only the TSH level in the PTMC group was higher than that in the non-micro PTC group(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic analysis showed that younger age,higher TSH and positive TgAb were independent risk factors for PTMC and non-micro PTC(P<0.05).However,the risk of PTC didn't increase with increasing TgAb titres.The positivity rate of TgAb in the PTMC and non-micro PTC groups didn't change significantly within one month after operation,but decreased in one year after operation(P<0.05).The TPOAb positivity rate decreased after operation,but the difference was not statistically sig-nificant(P>0.05).In the PTMC group,four cases had tumor recurrence or lymph node metastasis,and the TgAb level increased by 88.4%,49.5%,5.7%and 84.0%respectively when the tumor recurred or metasta-sized.Among them,the TPOAb level increased by 51.6%,30.0%and 2.9%respectively in three cases and decreased by 53.9%in one case.In the PTMC group,there were 11 patients with cervical lymph node enlarge-ment,and there was no statistical difference in TgAb and TPOAb levels when the condition changed(P>0.05).Conclusion TgAb is a risk factor for PTMC,and can be followed up regularly during the diagnosis and treatment of PTMC.The specificity of TPOAb is not as good as that of TgAb,and appropriate follow-up can be chosen during the course of the disease.

Recent studies have discovered a selective autophagy-lipophagy, which can selectively identify and degrade lipids and plays an important role in regulating cellular lipid metabolism and maintaining intracellular lipid homeostasis. The process of lipophagy can be directly or indirectly regulated by genes, enzymes, transcriptional regulators and other factors. This review examines the role of lipophagy in reducing liver lipid content, regulating pancreatic lipid metabolism, and regulating adipose tissue differentiation, and summarizes the findings of the molecules (Rab GTPase, enzymes, ion channels, transcription factors, small molecular substances) involved in the regulation of lipophagy, which points to new directions for the treatment of diseases caused by lipid accumulation.
Adipose Tissue ; Autophagy ; Homeostasis ; Lipid Metabolism ; Liver