BACKGROUND:Currently, the nickel-titanium file has no uniform international standards for clinical use, and several nickel-titanium systems have unique designs in terms of cross-sectional shape, taper change,
composition number, central steel volume, and cutting edge angle, so there are some differences in cleanup
capability, security, and cutting efficiency. ProTaper Next is developed based on the ProTaper Universal, and its composition number, blade cross-sectional shape, contact point with the root canal wal and the tip tapers are al improved.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the shaping ability between ProTaper Next and ProTaper Universal Ni-Ti rotary endodontic instruments by preparing the simulated root canals.
METHODS: Two groups of resin blocks were prepared by ProTaper Next and ProTaper Universal respectively. Preparation time and incidence of canal aberration and instruments failure were recorded. After preparation, the images taken before and after preparation were superimposed and analyzed by software Adobe Photoshop v7.0. We measured the amount of resin removed at the inner and outer canal wals. The centering ability was also assessed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There was no difference in the incidence of canal aberration. ProTaper Next was faster than ProTaper Universal to prepare canals (P < 0.05). Both instruments caused apical transportation. 
ProTaper Universal F2 removed more materials than ProTaper Next X2 at the inner canal wals (P < 0.05). ProTaper Next showed better centering ability than ProTaper Universal in most levels (P < 0.05). Two instruments showed good performance in preparation but both created some apical transportation. However, the ProTaper Next was better in maintaining the original form of curved canal with safety and higher efficiency.

Objective To investigate the effect of cognitive behavior therapy combined with drug treatment of adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD) and the effect on quality of life.Method Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and quality of life in children and adolescents scale (QLSCA) were used to assess the curative effect and quality of life for 123 adolescents with OCD on the psychological clinic in hospital.t test and one way-ANOVA test were used to analyze the data.Results The effective rate of drug treatment group was 64.52％ after 12 weeks and combined treatment group was 80.33％.The effective rate of drug treatment group was 77.42％ after 24 weeks and combined treatment group was 91.8％.There was significant difference between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Two groups before and after treatment had significant difference (P ＜ 0.01).There was significant difference between the two groups after 12 weeks (P＜ 0.01) and 24 weeks (P ＜ 0.05).After 24 weeks of treatment,two groups of patients in the overall evaluation of the quality of life and negative ernotion had significant differences (P ＜ 0.05) and in self satisfaction,peer relationship,learning ability and attitude had significant differences (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Combination therapy is better than simple drug treatment,and improves the quality of life better.

Objective:To develop a method for the quantitative determination of ambrisentan. Methods: 1 H NMR spectra were obtalned with a Bruker AscendTM 400 superconducting NMR spectrometer. For each sample, DMSO-D6 was used as the solvent, the pulse width was 10. 0 μs, the delay time was 5 s and the scanning time was 16. Results: The proton peaks of ambrisentan at δ6. 16 ppm and maleic acid atδ6. 28 ppm were used as the quantitative peaks. The linear regression equation of peak area and quality ratio was Y=0. 140 7X+0. 034 8 with the correlation coefficient of 0. 999 4. RSD was 0. 2%(n=6)in the repeated experiments. The absolute content of ambrisentan reference substance was 99. 9%. Conclusion: The results showed that 1 H NMR can be used in the quantitative determination of ambrisentan without reference substance. The method is reliable, rapid, accurate and simple.

BACKGROUND:Studies have reported that the bone bridge and bone plug for meniscal alograft transplantation show better outcomes than simple soft tissue suture, but there are rare studies concerning the comparison of their fixation effects. OBJECTIVE:To compare the clinical effects of bone bridge and bone plug in meniscal alograft transplantation. METHODS:Eighteen patients undergoing arthroscopy-assisted meniscal alograft transplantation were enroled, including nine cases of bone plug fixation and nine cases of bone bridge fixation. Symptoms, physical examination, visual analog scale, Lysholm and Tegner scores were used to evaluate the clinic outcome. Every 6 months post operation, the signal and morphological changes of alograft meniscus was observed with MRI for each patient. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al of the 18 patients were folowed up for 12-36 months after transplantation. No complications, absence of knee pain and effusion, and disappearance of the discomfort within the meniscectomy compartments after prolonged activity during folow-up period were found in al patients. The patients were competent of daily life and sports activity. The visual analog scale, Lysholm and Tegner scores were significantly increased after transplantation. MRI showed that the vicariousness and livability of the alograft menisci appeared within 1 year post operation. The safety and feasibility of the arthroscopy-assisted meniscal alograft transplantation were approved. Knee pain, knee effusion and joint stability and function were improved after arthroscopic-assisted alograft meniscus transplantation, and there was no difference between the clinical curative effects of the two kinds of fixed methods.

This experimental study was designed to unravel the relationship between muscle tension and its electrophysiological property. The experiments on repetitive pulse stimulus in different current intensity to rabbit's motor nerve were performed in different pulse frequency by electromyography which applied electrical pulses and excited the tibial nerve, and by Instron 5544 machine which measured muscle tensions. The experimental data revealed that the tension force varied with the stimulus frequency in a quasi-parabolic relation, while it seemingly increased little with the stimulus intensity.
Animals ; Electric Stimulation ; methods ; Electromyography ; Muscle Tonus ; physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal ; physiology ; Rabbits ; Tibial Nerve ; physiology

Objective To investigate the current situation of contact lens cases′contamination and contact lens hygiene compliance in Wenzhou, so as to provide a basis for further improvement of hygiene for wearers. Methods The general data of the wearer and the present condition of the lens cases hygiene compliance were investigated by the questionnaire, and the contamination was judged by themicrobiological culture. Results The positive rate of bacterial culture in the contact lens cases was 43.96％(40/91). Compared with the positive culture group, the negative group performed better in hand hygiene (χ2=17.624, P<0.01), and the frequency of the case sterilization in the negative group (χ2=43.754, P<0.01), cleaning frequency (χ2=69.737, P<0.01) were higher than the positive group. In the choice of cleaning methods, the proportion of using brushing (χ2=65.441, P<0.01) and re-rinsing (χ2=59.663, P<0.01) in the negative group was higher than that of the positive group. The results were all statistically different.Conclusion The present condition of hygiene compliance of the orthokeratology lens wearers in Wenzhou is not so well, and it needs to be further improved. And agents, scrubbing, rinsing and drying are effective for reducing microbes.

Objective To investigate the regular spot check implementation of central sterile supply department(CSSD) at hospitals of all grades across China and analyze its influencing factors to provide the basis for further improvement of regular cleaning quality inspection. Methods Cross-sectional study was conducted form February to July of 2017,and 132 hospitals all over the country were selected to investigate with the questionnaire the current status of CSSD management model, staffing and regular cleaning quality inspection. Results The ratio of the nursing staff and the number of beds was 1.15:100,the ratio of staff and the number of beds was 2. 00:100. 81. 82% (n =108) of the hospitals adopted the centralized management model. The qualification rate for regular spot check execution was 87.12% (n=115). The results of multiple logistic regression showed that the centralized management model was more conducive to the regular spot check than the non-centralized management model (OR=4.71,95% CI:1.05-21.08). Conclusions The centralized management model proves positive for the implementation of regular spot checks;and CSSDs should pay more attention to the regular spot check of the cleaning quality.

Objective:To explore the latent classes of parental feeding behaviors in preschool children, and to examine the relationship between potential types of parental feeding behaviors and parental depression status.Methods:From May to July 2021, parents of preschoolers from eight kindergartens in Shanghai were recruited and investigated.A paper-based questionnaire consisting of the Chinese preschooler’s caregivers’ feeding behavior scale (CPCFBS) and the center for epidemiological studies depression scale (CESD-10) was employed.Finally, a total of 1 006 valid questionnaires were retrieved.Mplus 8.0 and SPSS 26.0 were used for statistical analysis.The latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups of parents based on their feeding practices.Multinomial Logistic regression was used to examine the relevant influencing factors.Results:The feeding behaviors of parental of preschool children could be divided into four potential categories: " high responsiveness and high non-responsiveness type" (24.55%), " low responsiveness and high non-responsiveness type" (27.44%), " high responsiveness and low non-responsiveness type" (28.33%) and " low responsiveness and low non-responsiveness type" (19.68%). The parents with depression status were less likely to be categorized as " high responsiveness and low non-responsiveness type" ( OR=0.386, 95% CI: 0.218-0.684). The parents with older children were more likely to be categorized as " low responsiveness and low non-responsiveness type" ( OR=1.318, 95% CI: 1.039-1.672). Conclusion:The feeding practices of parents of preschool children can be categorized into four latent classes.The parents with depression status are more likely to adopt non-responsive feeding practice than responsive feeding practice.Actively paying attention to and improving the depression status of parents may help the feeder to adopt scientific feeding behavior.

Although great progress has been made in the treatment of renal calcium oxalate stones, the incidence and recurrence rate are still high. Functional nanomaterials refer to nanomaterials with specific functions after physical or chemical action.Their role in the treatment of renal calcium oxalate stones has been widely recognized in recent years. Functional nano-materials can be divided into nano-enzymes, nano-drugs and nano-carriers according to their functions. Nano-enzymes and nano-drugs can prevent and treat calcium oxalate kidney calculi by using their physical and chemical properties or drugs. Nano-carriers can treat kidney stones by delivery of the drugs. The purpose of this paper is to describe the application of functional nanomaterials in the prevention and treatment of renal calcium oxalate stones, to summarize the mechanism of inhibiting the formation of renal calcium oxalate stones and the direction of clinical treatment in the future.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of modified all-arthroscopic reconstruction of medial patella femoral ligament (MPFL) for the treatment of recurrent patellar dislocation.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 38 patients (46 knees) with recurrent patellar dislocation, who were treated at First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University from January 2017 to January 2020. The patients included 12 males (12 knees) and 26 females (34 knees), aged 14-40 years [(24.6±5.4)years]. All patients underwent the modified all-arthroscopic MPFL reconstruction procedure. The femoral tunnel locations were assessed by 3D-CT immediately after surgery. The MRI was performed at 6 and 12 months after operation to assess the healing morphology of the reconstructed MPFL. The Lysholm score and Kujala score were used to assess the knee function before operation, at 6 months after operation, at 12 months after operation and at the last follow-up. The time to return to sports as well as complications were observed.Results:All patients were followed up for 26-48 months [(32.4±8.6)months]. Postoperative 3D-CT examination showed that the femoral tunnels were located in the groove area of the medial epicondyle of the femur and the adductor tubercle. At 6 and 12 months after operation, MRI T2 images showed that the reconstructed MPFL had a low signal and well tensioned ligament tissue, indicating that the MPFL was healed well. The Lysholm scores at 6 and 12 months postoperatively and at the last follow-up were (81.1±12.0)points, (91.2±3.8)points, and (92.2±9.8)points, respectively, being significantly higher than the preoperative (52.4±10.6)points (all P<0.01). The Kujala scores at 6 and 12 months postoperatively and at the last follow-up were (85.4±3.9)points, (91.4±3.6)points, and (93.1±8.5)points, respectively, being significantly higher than the preoperative (55.2±6.8)points (all P<0.01). Compared with 6 months postoperatively, the Lysholm score and Kujala score were significantly improved at 12 months postoperatively and at the last follow-up (all P<0.05). All patients returned to sports, with the time to return to sports for 3-12 months [(8.7±2.3)months] after operation. One patient had poor wound healing but was healed after dressing changes. No wound infection, nerve injury, joint stiffness, patella re-dislocation or other complications occurred. Conclusion:For recurrent patellar dislocation, the modified all-arthroscopic MPFL reconstruction has advantages of accurate bone tunnel positioning, good ligament healing, good function recovery, early return to sports, and less postoperative complications.