Objective To analyze the current situation of traditional risk factors in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with different age,and to explore the impact of different risk factors on AMI.Methods The personal clinical characteristics of 682 hospitalized AMI patients in CCU were recorded from October 2003 to October 2010 with a retrospective cohort study.The effect of smoking,hyperlipidemia,diabetes and hypertension on AMI was observed.Results Six hundred and thirteen patients were enrolled in the end,43 cases in young group,216 cases in middle age group,234 cases in older age group,120cases in old-old age group.(1) Compared with that in middle age group,older age group and old-old age group,the ratio of smoking and hyperlipidemia in young group was significantly higher(P ＜ 0.0125 or ＜ 0.001).The ratio of smoking in middle age group was significantly higher than that in older age group(P ＜ 0.001),and the ratio of hyperlipidemia between two groups had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.0125).The ratio of smoking and hyperlipidemia was significantly higher in middle age group compared with that in old-old age group(P＜0.001 or ＜ 0.0125).(2) The average age in smoking patients with AMI was (56.84 ± 13.00) years,which was significantly younger than that in non-smoking patients[(74.29 ± 10.57) years] (P ＜ 0.01).The average age in patients with hyperlipidemia suffering from AMI was significantly younger than that in patients with normal lipid level patients [(62.92 ± 15.04) years vs.(68.63 ± 13.93) years] (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Smoking and hyperlipidemia,especially smoking plays an important role in inducing AMI in young and middle age.Smoking cessation and lipid-lowering therapy is vital for reducing the occurrence of AMI in young and middle age.

Objective To evaluate the influence of smoking on carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in patients with hypertension.Methods Two hundred and three patients with hypertension were consecutively enrolled with smoking or without smoking.They were divided into two groups:smoking group (84 patients) and no smoking group (119 patients).Carotid IMT was measured.Results Carotid in smoking group was (0.1118 ± 0.0234) cm,which was thickened compared with that in no smoking group [(0.098 ± 0.0249) cm] (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Smoking has significant influence on carotid IMT in patients with hypertension.

Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture point injection and rehabilitation on the functional recovery of upper limbs and daily living ability of shoulder-hard syndrom (SHS) after cerebral hemorrhage. Methods A total of 96 patients SHS after cerebral hemorrhage were divided into the observation group (n=56) and the control group (n=40). Both groups recieved the routine treatment for cerebral hemorrhage and rehabilitation technique training. Besides, the control group was treated with intermediate frequency physiotherapy, and the observation group was treated with electroacupuncture and acupoint injection of Salvia miltiorrhiza and ligustrazine. After 1 months of treatment, the the upper limb movement function, daily living ability (ADL), shoulder joint pain, joint activity degree, and the degree of joint swelling were evaluated and compared. Results After treatment, the FMA (60.1 ± 6.4 vs. 41.8 ± 18.7, t=6.799), MBI (65.2 ± 3.5 vs. 50.6 ± 2.1, t=23.512) scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group. The VAS (2.7 ± 1.4 vs. 4.9 ± 1.3, t=7.817), edema volume (2.1 ± 2.1 cm3 vs. 2.1 ± 2.1 cm3, t=7.316) of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group ( P＜0.01). The anterior flexion (163.1 ± 6.7°vs. 56 ± 10.9°, t=59.516), extension (39.6 ± 5.8°vs. 23.2 ± 6.7°, t=12.799), abduction (168.1 ± 9.6°vs. 52.1 ± 8.9°, t=60.148), adduction (52.1 ± 3.6°vs. 29.8 ± 4.3°, t=27.580), external rotation (49.8 ± 7.6°vs. 23.2 ± 5.2°, t=19.151), internal rotation (107.0 ± 8.5°vs. 60.2 ± 6.1°, t=29.758) of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P＜0.01). The total effective rate of the observation group was 91.1% (52/56) and the control group was 70% (28/40), and the difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (χ2=7.209, P＜0.01). Conclusions Acupuncture combined with acupoint injection and rehabilitation technology can relieve pain, eliminate edema and improve motor function and daily living ability of SHS patients after intracerebral hemorrhage.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and feasibility of laparoscopic resection for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in unfavorable location by comparing with open surgery. Methods: Clinicopathological and follow-up data of 176 patients with gastric GIST in unfavorable location admitted at Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2005 to December 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 94 males and 82 females, aging of (57.4±12.7) years (range: 20-90 years). Of the 176 patients, 64 underwent laparoscopic surgery (laparoscopic group) and 112 underwent open surgery (open group). One-to-one propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance the covariance between laparoscopic group and open surgery group. Before PSM, the differences between the two group in tumor size and modified National Institutes of Health risk classification were significant. After PSM, there were 63 pairs (63 cases in laparoscopic group and 63 cases in open group) and the baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups(P>0.05). The difference of short-term outcome between the two groups were compared using t test, χ² test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test. The survival curve was established by Kaplan-Meier method and the Log-rank test was used to compare the survival of the two groups. Results: The operation time of laparoscopic group was shorter ((141.6±100.6) minutes vs. (100.4±67.7) minutes, t=2.681, P=0.008), the hospitalization cost was higher ((5.2±0.7) ten thousand yuan vs. (4.2±0.8) ten thousand yuan, t=7.357, P=0.000) than open group. The time to first flatus ((49.1±8.2) hours vs. (71.0±4.6) hours, t=-18.482, P=0.000) and preoperative hospital stay ((10.3±6.0) days vs. (14.8±7.6) days, t=-3.717, P=0.000) was shorter in laparoscopic group. With a median follow-up time of 44 months (range: 10 to 154 months), the 1-, 3-, 5-year relapse-free survival rates in the laparoscopic group and open group were 98.3%, 92.1%, 92.1% and 100%, 86.3%, 83.2%, respectively (χ²=0.696, P=0.404). The 1-, 3-, 5-year overall survival rates in the laparoscopic group and open group were 96.6%, 94.7%, 94.7% and 100%, 91.1%, 81.4%, respectively (χ²=0.366, P=0.545). Conclusions In experienced medical centers, laparoscopic resection is safe and feasible for GIST in unfavorable location. Compared to open surgery, laparoscopic resection achieves a faster postoperative recovery and a similar long-term prognosis.

Objective:To observe the short-term efficacy and safety of bronchial arterial chemoembolization (BACE) combined with anlotinib for treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods:The clinical data of 14 patients with advanced NSCLC in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2018 to March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The short-term efficacy and adverse reactions of BACE combined with anlotinib hydrochloride were evaluated.Results:All patients successfully received BACE treatment twice. The median follow-up time was 19 months (8-26 months). The objective response rate (ORR) of patients at 1, 3 and 6 months after the first treatment was 100.0% (14/14), 71.4% (10/14) and 57.1% (8/14), and the disease control rate (DCR) was 100.0% (14/14), 92.8% (13/14) and 78.6% (11/14), respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) time was 9.5 months (95% CI 9.0-17.3 months), and the 6-month and 12-month PFS rates were 78.6% and 28.6%, respectively. The median overall survival (OS) time was 19.0 months (95% CI 18.4-23.1 months), and the 6-month and 12-month OS rates were 100.0% and 85.7%, respectively. Anlotinib hydrochloride-related adverse reactions included hand-foot syndrome [42.9% (6/14)], fatigue [35.7% (5/14)], hypertension [35.7% (5/14)], oral mucositis [28.6% (4/14)], hemoptysis [28.6% (4/14)], elevated aminotransferases [21.4% (3/14)] and diarrhea [14.3% (2/14)]. There were no grade ≥3 adverse reactions. Conclusion:BACE combined with anlotinib is safe and effective for treatment of advanced NSCLC, and the short-term clinical efficacy is satisfactory.

Objective:To investigate the effect of sarcopenia on the perioperative clinical outcomes of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).Methods:The retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 1 148 ESCC patients who were admitted to the Affiliated Huaian No.1 People′s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2020 to December 2021 were collected. There were 789 males and 359 females, aged (67±7)years. All patients under-went thoracoscopic and laparoscopic radical esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Observation indicators: (1) incidence of sarcopenia in patients with ESCC; (2) comparison of general data between ESCC patients complicated with sarcopenia and those without sarcopenia; (3) comparison of clinical outcomes between ESCC patients complicated with sarcopenia and those without sarcopenia; (4) analysis of influencing factors for sarcopenia in ESCC patients. Measurement data of normal distri-bution were represented by Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the t test. Count data were represented as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test. Ordinal data was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Logistic regression analysis was used to conduct univariate analysis. Logistic backward stepwise regression model was used to conduct multivariate analysis. Results:(1) Incidence of sarcopenia in patients with ESCC. Among 1 148 ESCC patients, 469 cases were complicated with sarcopenia, 679 were without sarcopenia. The incidence of sarcopenia was 40.854%(469/1 148). Among the 469 patients with sarcopenia, there were 313 males and 156 females. There were 125 cases <65 years old, 145 cases ≥65 years old but <70 years old, 106 cases ≥70 years old but<75 years old, 93 cases ≥75 years old, respectively. (2) Comparison of general data between patients with ESCC complicated with sarco-penia and those without sarcopenia. The age, tumor diameter, body mass index, cases in stage T1, T2, T3, preoperative albumin, preoperative serum prealbumin, psoas muscle index, psoas muscle density were (68±7)years, (3.3±1.5)cm, (22.4±2.9)kg/m 2, 100, 105, 264, (43±4)g/L, (193±38)mg/dL, (3.9±0.8)cm 2/m 2, (48±8)HU of 469 ESCC patients complicated with sarcopenia, versus (66±7)years, (3.2±1.4)cm, (23.8±3.0)kg/m 2, 173, 170, 336, (44±4)g/L, (206±37)mg/dL, (6.0±2.2)cm 2/m 2, (50±7)HU of 679 ESCC patients without sarcopenia, showing significant differences between the two groups ( t=5.74, 2.11, 7.57, Z=-2.93, t=2.25, 5.52,20.36, 4.18, P<0.05). (3) Comparison of clinical outcomes between patients with ESCC complicated with sarcopenia and those without sarcopenia. The duration of postoperative hospital stay, cases with postoperative hospital stay>30 days, pneumonia, acute respiratory failure, anastomotic fistula, and abnormal heart rhythm were (17±9)days, 32, 158, 39, 33, and 103 of 469 ESCC patients complicated with sarcopenia, respectively, versus (15±6)days, 15, 102, 18, 19, and 85 of 679 ESCC patients without sarcopenia, showing significant differences between the two groups ( t=4.89, χ2=15.04, 55.17, 18.86, 11.52, 18.06, P<0.05). (4) Analysis of influencing factors for sarcopenia in ESCC patients. Results of multivariate analysis showed that age ≥65 years was an independent risk factor for sarcopenia in ESCC patients ( odds ratio=1.64, 95% confidence interval as 1.26-2.14, P<0.05). Preoperative serum prealbumin ≥200 mg/dL, psoas muscle density ≥48 HU and body mass index >24 kg/m 2 were independent protective factors for sarcopenia in ESCC patients ( odds ratio=0.64, 0.72, 0.53, 95% confidence interval as 0.50-0.82, 0.56-0.92, 0.41-0.69, P<0.05). Conclusions:Age ≥65 years is an independent risk factor for sarcopenia in ESCC patients. Preoperative serum prealbumin ≥200 mg/dL, psoas muscle density ≥48 HU and body mass index >24 kg/m 2 are independent protective factors for sarcopenia in ESCC patients. Compared with patients without sarcopenia, ESCC patients with sarcopenia are more prone to postoperative compli-cations such as pneumonia, acute respiratory failure, anastomotic fistula, and arrhythmia, and have a longer postoperative hospital stay.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) with PDGFRα mutation and analyze the prognosis of different subtypes.Methods:From Jun 2010 to Jun 2019, the clinicopathological data of 35 patients with primary PDGFRα mutation GIST, who underwent surgical therapy in the Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, were analyzed retrospectively.Results:The main symptoms was abdominal pain (28 cases, 80%), followed by abdominal mass (6 cases, 17%), and hemafecia (1 case, 3%). 31 primary lesions (89%) were located in the stomach and 4 (11%) in other than stomach. 13 cases (37%) were of epithelioid cells, 14 cases (40%) were of spindle cells and 8 cases (23%) were of mixed cells. 27 cases (77%) were CD117 positive , 28 cases (80%) CD34 positive , and 30 cases (86%) were DOG-1 positive. 19 cases (54%) had D842V mutation and 16 cases (46%) had non-D842V mutation. Complete surgical resection was performed in all patients, with no perioperative death. The 3-year recurrence-free survival rate of the D842V mutation group was lower than that of the non-D842V mutation group (84% vs. 100%, P=0.045). Conclusions:The mutation rate of PDGFRα gene was low, mostly derived from the stomach. PDGFRα mutation GIST presents inert biological behavior and the overall prognosis was good.

Objective: To explore the feasibility of silk fibron ( SF) - phlorotannins( PT) double layer membranes as barrier membrane for guided bone regeneration ( GBR) by exploring the mechanical property，biocompatibility， and the effect on osteogenic differentiation of SF-PT double layer membranes． Methods : The SF solution treated with different degumming time was prepared into SF bilayer by solution cast technique，ice template method and lyophilization．The tensile strength of the membranes under hydration were measured via mechanical universal machine (n = 5) ．The microstructures of the composite membranes with the highest tensile strength under hydration condition were observed by scanning electron microscopy．Then the rough surfaces of SF double layer membranes was loaded with PT to prepare SF-PT double layer membranes ，Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy was carried out to characterize the interaction between PT and SF double layer membranes，and the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of human alveolar origins (hABMSCs) adhesion was studied by SEM．CCK-8 assay and live dead staining were used to evaluated the biocompatibility of SF-PT double layer membranes． qRT-PCR , ALP staining and alizarin red stain were carried out to measure the osteogenic differentiation of hABMSCs in different groups. Results: The SF membranes prepared from SF solution with a degumming time of 30 min has the highest tensile strength，reaching (3. 293 ± 0. 122 8 ) MPa． The smooth surface of SF double layer membrane was dense and smooth，while the rough surface was longitudinally ordered loose porous structure．PT was loaded onto the rough surface of the SF double layer membranes by hydrogen bond，hydrophobic interaction and other forces．There was no significant difference in the results of CCK-8 and live dead staining between blank group，SF group and PT-SF group．Compared with blank group and SF group，PT-SF double layer membranes promoted osteogenic differentiation of hABMSCs． Conclusion Thus，the PT-SF double layer membranes expressed desired mechanical，biological properties and can promote the osteogenic differentiation of hABMSCs to a certain extent．These results indicate that PT-SF double layer membranes is successfully fabricated，providing a solid foundation for future in vivo experiments.

Objective:To explore the incidence and factors of the influence of preoperative related factors on postoperative orthopedic evaluation, through the evaluation of thoracic shape orthopedic evaluation of children pectus excavatum, during plate implantation after Nuss procedure.Methods:From April 2012 to April 2019, the clinical data were analyzed retrospectively for 159 hospitalized cases of Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum in Xi’an Children’s Hospital.The mean age was(6.8±3.4) years old(3.2-17.0 years old); males 124, females 35; Haller index 4.0±1.0(2.7-7.5); 6 cases(4%) were poor orthopedic evaluation with the thoracic shape, males 5, femal 1; 23 cases (14%) were average satisfied with the thoracic shape, males 16, femals 7; 130 cases (82%)were good orthopedic evaluation with the thoracic, males 103, femals 27. Follow-ups were conducted for at least 2 years, Retrospective analysis of the relationship between postoperative thoracic satisfaction and age, gender, Haller index, how the plates were placed during surgery and symmetry of funnel chest, t test and χ2 test were used for statistical analysis. Results:There were statistically significant differences between thoracic orthopedic evaluation after postoperative and classification of pectus excavatum ( P=0.001), and poor orthopedic evaluation after asymmetric pectus excavatum operationand ; There were no significant differences in gender, Haller index, surgical method and how the plates were placed during surgery( P>0.05). However, it can be seen from the mean and percentage that with the decrease of age, and the increase of Haller index, the orthopedic evaluation gradually becomes worse. Conclusion:According to our single-center study, asymmetric pectus excavatum is a factor for poor orthopedic evaluation during plate implantation after Nuss, especially for young children and children with larger Haller index.

Adenosine has been proved to have immunosuppressive effect in many different diseases, and the activity of ecto-5’-nucleotidase(CD73) on the cell surface is the rate-limiting step of extracellular adenosine production. CD73 has a profound and lasting impact on tumor immune regulation of regulatory T cells, B cells, macrophages and natural killer cells. CD73-mediated adenosine pathway is significant in signal transduction during cancer progression in tumor microenvironment, making CD73 a novel immune checkpoint. Therefore, CD73 inhibition is a emergent and promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. At present, a variety of monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors have been in clinical development. This review comprehensively summarizes the frontier research progress of reported small molecule CD73 inhibitors, which can provide guidance for the investigation of novel CD73 inhibitors for cancer therapy.