Objective To explore the contamination of sewage from hotels and restaurants by Salmonella typhi. Methods 327 sewage samples collected from hotels and restaurants and 176 sewage samples collected from some residential area were detected for Salmonella typhi based on the national standard methods. Results The positive rate of Salmonella typhi in the sewage samples from hotels and restaurants (3.67%) was significantly higher than that from residential area(0.57%), P=0.04(exact probability test).12 strains of Salmonella typhi belonging to 4 sero-groups and 9 serotypes were found in 12 sewage samples collected from hotels and restaurants.One strain of Salmonella typhimurium was only found in one sewage sample collected from residential area. The positive rate of Salmonella typhi in the sewage samples collected during January-March (5.47%) was significantly higher than that during April-June(0.79%) among total 327 sewage samples collected from hotels and restaurants, P=0.033(exact probability test). Conclusion The contamination of sewage from hotels and restaurants by Salmonella typhi and its potential risk to human health should be paid more attention to.

Objective To study the role of cytidine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotide(CpG ODN) on the development of Plasmodium liver stage.Methods Plasmodium yoelii BY265 18S rRNA was cloned,and the TaqMan real-time PCR was established on P.yoelii BY265 18S rRNA and mouse GAPDH as quantitative analysis model.The model was tested by the level of liver Plasmodium load with the liver cDNA in BALB/c mice infected by salivary gland sporozoites for 42 hours.Twelve BALB/c mice were randomly divided into CpG group,CpG control group and PBS control group which were injected respectively by ODN1826 30 ?g,ODN1826 control 30 ?g and 0.01 mol/L PBS 200 ?l via vena caudalis.Twenty-four hours later,each mouse was inoculated with 100 sporozoites.Mice were sacrificed in 42 hours after infection,and the liver load of Plasmodium was analyzed by TaqMan real-time PCR.Results The cloned Py BY265 18S rRNA gene showed 98% similarity to Py 17XNL.The quantitative analysis model consisted by 18S rRNA and GAPDH showed positive correlation between the level of liver Plasmodium load and the sporozoite inoculation dose to mice.The Plasmodium load in CpG ODN pre-treated mice was reduced to one fifth of the control group(0.28/1.33)(P

Objective To investigate the effect of minitype titanium plate fixation through transoral approach in the treatment of unstable atlas fractures.Methods A retrospective case series study was made on 21 patients with unstable atlas fractures treated by minitype titanium plate fixation through transoral approach from June 2008 to June 2014.There were 15 males and 6 females,at age of (40.9 ± 10.6)years (range,21 to 57 years).Anterior 1/2 Jefferson fractures were seen in 12 patients and 1/2 ring Jefferson fractures in 9 patients.Preoperative visual analogue score (VAS) was 4-9 points [(7.6 ± 1.3) points].Before operation,degree of mobility of the cervical vertebra was (15.4 ± 3.9) °in bending,(10.8 ± 2.5) °in extending,(18.3 ± 3.1) ° in left-bending,(18.9 ± 2.7) ° in right-bending,(21.8 ± 5.8) °in left-rotation and (22.4 ± 4.6) ° in right-rotation.Operation time,intraoperative blood loss,VAS,cervical mobility and bone healing were detected after operation.Results Operation time was (86.3 ±25.3)m in,and intraoperative blood loss was (120.5 ± 33.3)ml.VAS was improved to 0-2 points [(1.6 ± 0.4) points] at postoperative 3 days (P ＜ 0.05).All patients were followed up for 12 to 48 months[(23.7 ±5.9) months].VAS was improved to 0-2 points[(0.6 ± 0.1) points] at postoperative 3 months (P ＜ 0.05).Degree of mobility of the cervical vertebra was improved significantly at postoperative 3 months,with the bending of(38.6 ± 4.5) °,extending of (39.3 ± 4.0) °,left-bending of (39.2 ± 4.0) °,right-bending of (39.2 ± 2.9) °,left-rotation of (66.8 ± 8.8) ° and right-rotation of (66.3 ± 9.2) ° (P ＜ 0.05).Postoperatively,there were no surgical wound incision infections and vertebral artery or spinal injuries,Bone union was found in all patients,without the occurrence of implant loosening or breakage and the dysfunction of the cervical vertebra.Conclusion Minitype titanium plate fixation through transoral approach is associated with less trauma,high healing rate and preservation of the activity of cervical vertebra in the treatment of unstable atlas fractures.

Objective:To study the effects of miR-20a on the osteogenic differentiation potential of inflammatory periodontal liga-ment cells(IPDLSCs).Methods:Cells were isolated and cultured from the healthy and inflammatory periodontal ligament samples (HPDLSCs and IPDLSCs)respectively.miR-20a expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR.Alizarin red staining,Western blot and PCR were used to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation potential of IPDLSCs after transient transinfection of miR-20a mimics or inhib-itor.Results:miR-20a expression in IPDLSCs was lower than that in HPDLSCs,and the osteogenic differentiation potential of IP-DLSCs were promoted by miR-20a mimics,and reduced by miR-20a inhibitor.Conclusion:The miR-20a in IPDLSCs was down reg-ulated.miR-20a can promote the osteogenic differentiation potential of IPDLSCs.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the let-7 rs10877887 polymorphism and cancer risk in the Chinese population.Methods We searched all relevant studies published on association between the let-7 rs10877887 polymorphism and cancer risk in PubMed,Embase and Wanfang databases up to December 31,2016 were searched.A total of 4 case-control studies comprising 2 754 cases and 3 481 controls were included in this meta-analysis.The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated to examine the strength of the association.Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the stability of the results,publication bias was also assessed.Results The pooled results showed that there was a significant association between the let-7 rs10877887 polymorphism and overall cancer risk under the dominant model (CC+CT vs.TT:OR=0.90,95%CI=0.82-1.00,P=0.048).Conclusion Base on present studies,the results of this meta-analysis indicated that there is a significant association between the let-7 rs10877887 polymorphism and overall cancer risk in the Chinese population,the let-7 rs10877887 polymorphism could decrease the risk of cancer.

Background::Alterations in macular thickness and vascular density before clinically visible diabetic retinopathy (DR) remain inconclusive. This study aimed to determine whether retinal manifestations in abnormal glucose metabolism (AGM) patients differ from those in the healthy individuals.Methods::PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched between 2000 and 2021. The eligibility criteria were AGM patients without DR. Primary and secondary outcomes measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) were analyzed and expressed as standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A random-effects model was used in the data synthesis. The potential publication bias for the variables was evaluated using Egger’s test.Results::A total of 86 observational studies involving 13,773 participants and 15,416 eyes were included. OCT revealed that compared to healthy controls, the total macular thickness of AGM patients was thinner, including the thickness of fovea (–0.24, 95% CI [–0.39, –0.08]; P = 0.002, I2 = 87.7%), all regions of parafovea (–0.32, 95% CI [–0.54, –0.11]; P = 0.003; I2 = 71.7%) and the four quadrants of perifovea; the thickness of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL), and ganglion cell layer (GCL) also decreased. OCTA indicated that the superficial and deep vascular density decreased, the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area enlarged, and the acircularity index (AI) reduced in AGM individuals. Conclusions::Retinal thinning and microvascular lesions have occurred before the advent of clinically detectable DR; OCT and OCTA may have the potential to detect these preclinical changes.Registration::PROSPERO; http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/; No. CRD42021269885.

BACKGROUND: Valsartan is an antagonist of angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ ) receptor. Many researches have proved that it can protect heart tissue. Val-PREST suggests that valsartan with a long-term administration can decrease restenosis rate in stent; however, effect of valsartan on restenosis rate of Chinese population is still unclear presently.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of oral valsartan for 6 months on patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) who undertook successful intervention therapy.DESIGN: Multicenter, double blind, randomized, and controlled evaluation and prospective design.SETTING: Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University; Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University; Peking Union Hospital; People's Hospital of Peking University; Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University; Beijing Shijingshan Hospital; Beijing Fuxing Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University;Beijing Chuiyangliu Hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Eight three-grade A hospitals in Beijing participated in the study. Since December 2002 to October 2003, a total of 200 patients who underwent bare mental stent implantation were consented, but 196 patients were recruited in the end. All 196 patients were randomized into valsartan group (100 cases) and control group (96 cases).METHODS: Basic medicines in the two group included aspirin, clopidogrel, nitrides, statins, β-receptor antagonists, calcium channel antagonists, etc. Additionally, Patients in valsartan group were also given valsartan (Beijing Nuohua Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., batch number: SD 34004) in a dosage of 80 mg a day. Both groups were followed-up once a month for total 6 months.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Major adverse cardiac events within 6 months on clinics (death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, hospitalisation once more due to recurrent myocardial ischemia, and target vessel revascularization); ② Results of duplicated coronary angiography or exercise treadmill test (ETT) of partial patients within 6 months.RESULTS: ① Two patients (2%) in valsartan group were excluded in this study because of intolerance, so 194 patients were involved in the final analysis. ② No significant differences of baseline characteristics in terms of lesion type, the number of diseased vessels and the cardiac function were found between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05). ③ During the period of 6-month follow-up, one case died in control group. One acute myocardial infarction occurred in each group, whilst one case undertook target vessel revascularization in valsartan group. It was found that the proportion of recurrent cardiac events was lower in valsartan group than that in control group (11.2% vs. 15.6%). However, this difference did not reach the statistic significance. ④ During the period of 6-month duplicated contrast examination, one case had restenosis of in-stent in valsartan group. ⑤ The positive rate of exercise treadmill test (ETT) was lower in valsartan group (25.7%) than that in control group (36.4%), but there was no statistic difference.CONCLUSION: Six-month oral valsartan on patients with coronary heart disease who undertook successful intervention therapy can decrease the trend of recurrent cardiac events and positive rate of ETT.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the vascular supply of intrinsic muscles of foot and anatomic basis for muscular flap design.

METHODSA radiopaque injectate (lead oxide-gelatin mixtures, 26 ml/kg) was injected into 10 fresh cadavers. The dissected regions were photographed and each intrinsic muscles on the foot was removed and radiographed. The number, type, diameter of vascular branches of muscles and their distributions were observed. The area of the vascular territory supplied by each source vessel was calculated using Scion Image for Windows software.

RESULTSThere were significant architectural differences among the intrinsic muscles. The muscles length varied from 22.5mm to 116.2mm [average, (66.1 +/- 23.2)mm]. The measured fiber length were relatively consistent, ranging from 14.2 mm to 27.5 mm [average, (20.2 +/- 4.5)mm]. There are 63 vascular branches into the 23 foot muscles, each muscle having average branches of 3.2 +/- 0.8. The average diameter of branches, the length and width of each vascular territorial area is (0.8 +/- 0.3) mm, (2.2 +/- 0.8) cm, and (0.9 +/- 0.4) cm, respectively. Other findings included that some muscles were not present in some cadavers.

CONCLUSIONSThe blood supply of intrinsic muscles of foot is abundant with different diameter and distributions of branches. There is an anatomic basis for muscular or musculoosseous flap design. There are 7 intrinsic muscles with large and reliable vascular supply which can be chosen as muscular flaps.

Objective:To study the effects of compound schisandra extracts (CSE) (schisandra,astragalus,acanthopanax,and rhodiola)on the exhaustive swimming time and the levels of blood urea nitrogen(BUN),serum lactic acid(LD),liver glycogen and muscle glycogene,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,and malonaldehyde(MDA) level in the mice and to charify its anti-fatigue effect and the mechanism.Methods:Eighty male ICR mice were randomly divided into blank control group,50 mg·kg-1 CSE group,100 mg·kg-1 CSE group,and 200 mg·kg-1CSE group;there were 20 mice in each group.The mice were administered orally for 30 d.Then 10 mice were randomly selected for exhaustive swimming test in each group and the exhaustive swimming time of the mice was recorded.The remaining 10 mice in each group were used for 90 min swimming,then all the mice were sacrificed and the blood and tissue samples were taken for the measurement of the levels of BUN,LD,liver glycogen and muscle glycogen,the SOD activity and MDA level;the total inhibitory rate of oxidation of CSE in vitro was determined by linoleic acid-ferric thiocyanate method.Results:Compared with blank control group,the exhaustive swimming time of the mice in 50,100,and 200 mg·kg-1 CSE groups were significantly increased (P<0.01);the levels of BUN and LD of the mice in 100 and 200 mg·kg-1 CSE groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01);the levels of liver glycogen and muscle glycogen of the mice in 100 and 200 mg·kg-1 groups were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);whereas the SOD activities were significantly increased and the levels of MDA were decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with 100 mg·kg-1 CSE group,the levels of serum BUN and LD of the mice in 200 mg·kg-1 CSE group were decreased (P<0.01),and the levels of liver glycogen and muscle glycogen were increased(P<0.05).The total inhibitory rate of oxidation of 5 g·L-1CSE was 76.94%.Conclusion:CSE has an anti-fatigue effect and the mechanism may be related to anti-oxidation effect.

Objective:To investigate the effect of the combination of rituximab injection and cyclophosphamide+ hydroxydoxorubicin+ oncovin+ prednisone (CHOP) regimen on serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and β 2-microglobulin (β 2-MG) levels in patients with non Hodgkin′s lymphoma (NHL).Methods:A total of 92 NHL patients admitted to the Hematology Department of Fuyang People′s Hospital from January 2020 to May 2023 were selected and randomly divided into an observation group ( n=46) and a control group ( n=46) using a random number table method. The control group received chemotherapy intervention with CHOP regimen; The observation group received intravenous infusion of rituximab injection 1 day before the start of CHOP chemotherapy. After 6 consecutive cycles of treatment (1 cycle for 21 days), the efficacy and adverse reactions, the levels of inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6)], T lymphocytes [surface antigen differentiation cluster 4 (CD4 + ), surface antigen differentiation cluster 8 (CD8 + ), CD4/CD8, helper T cells 17 (Th17)], vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), LDH, and β2-MG of the two groups were compared after treatment. Results:The total remission rate of the observation group was 80.43%(37/46), which was higher than that of the control group, which was 60.87%(28/46), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, TNF-α and IL-6 levels decreased, Th17 and CD8 + levels increased in both groups after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05); After treatment, the TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and Th17 levels were higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, the LDH, β2-MG, and VEGF levels in the two groups decreased significantly after treatment (all P<0.05); After treatment, the LDH, β2-MG, and VEGF levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The total incidence rates of adverse reactions in the two groups were 86.96%(40/46) and 80.43%(37/46), respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The combination of rituximab injection and CHOP regimen for NHL treatment can effectively alleviate inflammation, improve LDH, β 2-MG, VEGF levels, and enhance efficacy. The safety is similar to using CHOP regimen alone, and it is worth promoting and applying.