Objective To set up an animal model with severe head injury that is similar to clinical condition and treated with mild hypothermia. Methods A total of 120 SD rats were randomly divided into eight groups (n=15 in each group), ie, before cooling, cooling 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours groups. The model was induced by dropping a object of 60 g from a height of 50 cm onto the epidura and treated with mild hypothermia (32-34℃). Blood pressure and ECG were observed and serum K+, Na+ and Mg 2+levels measured. The change of neuron microstructure in rat cerebral traumatic tissue of every group was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results Animal mortality increased but serum K+ and Mg 2+levels gradually decreased with the treating time lasting. Serum Na+ showed insignificant change. Bradytachycardia occurred in one rat of 72 hours group, two of 96 hours group and two of 120 hours group. TEM showed that the rat’s encephaledema presented gradual relief trend during mild hypothermia treatment. There was one rat in 96 hours group and one in 120 hours group with diffuse tubuli renales necrosis. Conclusion The established model is in conformity with the characteristics of vital sign, serum electrolyte and cerebral microstructure of clinical severe head injury treated with mild hypothermia.

Deseription was given of the effect of electric acupuncture of Neiguan point on the flexion reflex potential (FRP) of the hindlimbs and the dorsal root potential (DRP). On the intact and awake rats, the graded train stimulation (three pulses, 5ms interval, 0.5ms duration) was given to the sural nerve (a pure cutancous n(?), the C-FRP and C-DRP with their proper amplitudes (70～80% maximum) were obtained on the hamstring nerve (a group of nerves innervating the hindlimb flexors) and L5 dorsal root respectively. Then the electric acupuncture with low freqency and low intensity (4Hz, 1～3V)and low freqency and high intensity ( 4Hz, 20～40V), lasting 5 minutes, was given to the ipsilateral Neiguan point. After acupuncture, the amplitudes of both C-FRP and C-DRP decreased without change of their latebcues. The former one declined heavier and recovered slower than the latter one did. The A-FRP and A-DRP were not affected. Te result of the experiment suggests that the ipsilatcral Neiguan point cletric acupuncture can induce hindlimb's analgesia, the presynaptic inhibition might be involved in the mechanism of such analgesia.

On the intact and awake rat, the flexion reflex potential (FRP)and dorsal root potential (DRP) induced by stimulation of the cutaneous nerve with graded intensity stimulations to the sural nerve (a pure cutaneous nerve) were observed, there appeared A-FRP and C-FRP one after the other on the hamstring nerve (a group of nerves innervating the hindlimb flexors), and A-DRP and C-DRP on the L_5 dorsal root at the same time. The threshold and the latencices of A-FRP and A-DRP had no differences, and had significant positive correlations. The amplitudes of A-FRP and A-DRP increased simultaneously with the increase of the stimulating intensity in certain range. The threshold and latency of C-FRP are larger than those of C-DRP. The threshold and the latency of the C-FRP and C-DRP showed significant positive correlation. The amplitudes of C-FRP and C-DRP increased simultaniously with the increase of the stimulating intensity in certain range. The train stimuli (three pulses, 5ms interval, 0. 5ms duration) induced larger FRP and DRP than those induced by single stimulus. Thus, FRP and DRP both have the property of temporal summation.

Diterpenes, an important class of natural compounds, are widely distributed in nature. As the valuable diterpenoids continue to be found, diterpene synthase in the course of diterpene synthesis get as much attention as possible. The multiformity of end-product-diterpenoids were also due to the diversity of diterpene synthase. This paper focuses on the advances in recent biosynthesis pathway of diterpene and types, cloning, catalytic mechanism, synthetic biology application.

Objective:To investigate the correlation of serum hs-CRP,D-dimmer and Lp-PLA2 with vulnerable plaque of coronary artery atherosclerosis in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods:Selected 106 cases of patients in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2015,all taken coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound.Divided into three groups according to the results of the examination,the levels of serum hs-CRP,D-dimmer and Lp-PLA2 were examined and compared,and the correlation with fiber cap thickness,plaque eccentricity index,and vascular remodeling index were tested by Pearson correlation analysis.Results:Serum levels of hs-CRP,D-dimmer and Lp-PLA2 of vulnerable plaque group and stable plaque group were significantly higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05),and the serum levels of hs-CRP,D-dimmer and Lp-PLA2 of vulnerable plaque group were significantly higher than that of stable plaque group (P＜0.05);hs-CRP was negative correlated with the thickness of fibrous cap (r=-0.712,P＜0.05),and positive correlated with eccentric plaque index and vascular remodeling index (r=0.813,0.756;D-,P＜0.05),D-dimmer was negative correlated with the thickness of fibrous cap (r=-0.654,P＜0.05),and positive correlated with eccentric plaque index and vascular remodeling index (r=0.912,0.853,P＜0.05);Lp-PLA2 was negative correlated with the thickness of fibrous cap (r=-0.796,P＜0.05),and positive correlated with eccentric plaque index and vascular remodeling index (r=0.836,0.729,P＜0.05).Conclusion:Hs-CRP,D-dimmer and Lp-PLA2 have high correlation with vulnerable plaque in coronary artery disease,can be used as reference indexes for assessing the instability of coronary atherosclerotic plaque.

Attentions have been paid to teaching Nepal students in English in our university,and many problems need to be analyzed and solved.Selection and application of appropriate teaching material,sufficient preparation before class and applying nimble teaching style have received satisfactory results.

Objective To evaluate therapeutic effects and complications of concurrent three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and chemotherapy in patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LSCLC).Methods From June 2000 to August 2005, 93 histologically proved LSCLC patients were randomized into two groups:3DCRT group (n =46) and conventional group (n =47).In both groups, patients received one cycle chemotherapy, followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy and then received consolidate chemotherapy.Chemotherapy was four to six cycles of PE regimen.Conventional irradiation field was setup in conventional group, while in 3 DCRT group clinical target volume (CTV) only involved visible tumor and adjacent lymphatic region.Radiotherapy was delivered at 2 Gy per fraction, 5 fractions per week to a median total dose of 60 -64 Gy.Those who achieved a complete response were treated with prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) with 30 Gy in 10 fractions.Results The follow-up rate was 100% in both groups.The number of patients completed 1-, 2-and 3-year follow-up were 36, 34 and 16 in 3DCRT group, 14, 7 and 8 in conventional group, respectively.The complete and overall response rate were 52% and 89% in 3DCRT group, while 47% and 85% in conventional group, respectively.The 1-, 2-and 3-year survival rates were 78%, 35% and 15% in 3DCRT group, 72%, 30% and 17% in conventional group, respectively.The median survival time was 23.2 and 22.8 months, respectively.There was no statistical difference in short-term (Χ~2 = 0.34 ,P = O.759) and long-term outcomes (Χ~2 = 0.18 ,P = 0.92).In 3DCRT group, the incidence of grade 1 +2 acute radiation pneumonitis and esophagitis, grade 1 +2 and grade 3 chronic radiation pneumonitis were lower than those in conventional group.There was no grade 3 or 4 acute radiation pneumonitis or esophagitis, or grade 4 chronic radiation pneumonitis in both groups.There was no difference in grade 1 + 2, grade 3 or grade 4 acute myelo-suppression between the two groups.Conclusions In the treatment of LSCLC, concurrent 3DCRT and chemotherapy can achieve satisfactory short-term and long-term outcomes with acceptable complications.

Objective To study the auditory processing abilities of children with learning difficulty and deter-mine the proportion of the children with auditory processing disorder.Methods A single factor completely random-ized experimental design was used.Seventeen children with learning difficulties and 31 normal children from grade 2 to grade 4 in Beijing were induded in this study.The abilities of low-pass filtered speech,competing sentences,di-chotic digits and frequency patterns were tested through auditory processing disorder screening test software.Results There were significant differences in the abilities of listening sentences and digits in competitive environment and recognizing frequency patterns between children with learning difficulty and without.The auditory processing ability of children with learning difficulties was obviously poorer than normal children.The incidence of auditory processing disorder among the children with learning difficulties was 41.176%~58.824%.Conclusion The auditory process-ing ability in the competitive environment of children with learning difficulties was obviously poorer and they need in-tervention specifically.

BACKGROUND:Fol owing physicochemical treatment and high-temperature calcinations, heterogeneous
biological bone becomes a ceramic-like heterologous bone forming a similar structure to the human bone that is a natural network pore structure, which is conducive to seed cel adhesion and proliferation.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the feasibility of constructing tissue-engineered bone through combination of sintered bone and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s to repair alveolar defects.
METHODS:Sheep bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s as seed cel s were combined with the high
temperature sintered bone as scaffold materials to construct tissue-engineered bone. Under general anesthesia, sheep bilateral mandibular first premolars were removed in batches, the alveolar ridge space between the distal root and mesial root of the second premolar to form a bone defect area of 5 mm×5 mm×5 mm. Twelve
experimental sheep were equal y randomized into tissue-engineered bone group and sintered bone group, which were implanted with tissue-engineered bone and sintered bone, respectively, at the left surgical area of the
mandible. The right surgical area was considered as blank control group.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After high-temperature calcinations, the sintered bone was chalk in color, exhibiting a porous structure as the natural cancel ous bone. The porosity was (66.10±1.32)%, and the pore size was between 137.44μm and 538.72μm. After 24 hours of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s inoculated to the sintered bone, a large number of cel s are visible adherent to the scaffold;up to day 7, extracel ular matrix was secreted and there was no clear boundary between the cel s and the matrix. X-ray films showed that the tissue-engineered bone and pure sintered bone implants were embedded in the surgical area, and there was a low-density shadow at the edge of the sintered bone. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed bone trabecular formation at the experimental side, but no obvious bone formation at the control ed side. Tissue-engineered bone prepared by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s and sintered bone can better repair sheep alveolar bone defects, which is an ideal seed cel and scaffold material for smal range bone defects.

Objective To determine the baseline echocardiographic characteristics and the time course and degree of recovery of left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction in patients with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy ( TCM ) . Methods Seven hundred and fifteen patients received radiofrequency cather ablation ( RFCA ) for tachycardiarrhymias from July 2010 to July 2013 were screened in this study. Only 33 patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (LVEF<50% and improved≥15%) were diagnosed with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy and were included in the study. Patients with early improvement (over 25%increase in LVEF at 1-week follow-up compared to the baseline ) were enrolled in the improved group , and the rest patients were enrolled in the improved group. All Patients received transthoracic echocardiography for LV size and function detection at 1 week and at 3,6,12 months follow-up. Results The average baseline of the LV end-diastolic diameter, and the LVEF were (55 ± 10.7)mm and (38 ± 4.6)%, repectively. Early improvement ( over 25%increase in LVEF at 1-week follow-up compared to the baseline ) in the improved group was observed in 16 patients. Patients with early improvement had higher LVEF at 12-month follow-up compared to the patients without early improvement [(69.2± 4.2)% vs (58.1 ± 6.9)%, P < 0.001]. Conclusions RFCA is proved to be a relatively safe and effecient treatment method. Atrial fibrillation related to TCM , rhythm control is superior to the rate control. The early improvement in LVEF may potentially predict the complete reversibility of LV systolic dysfunction.