This paper reports the method for evaluating the speech intelligibility . of ear protectors.Twenty subjects wearing 3 types of ear plugs ("MT-86", "65", "85-Ⅱ" ear plugs) were presented with stable 50-Chinese-word signals. The results show that the intelligibility was higher with "MT-86" than with "65" and "85-Ⅱ ", and this method was a better measure to evaluate the influence of ear protectors on the intelligibility of speech.

Objective To evaluate clinical importance of high ligation combined with endovenous laser treat-ment(EVLT)for great sapenous varicose veins patients with diabetes,to provide a reference for clinical treatment. Methods 65 great sapenous varicose veins patients with diabetes were selected,and they were set as the observation group with treatment of high ligation combined with EVLT;while 50 great sapenous varicose veins patients without diabetes were selected during the same period,they were set as the control group under the same treatment.Clinical effect and complication were compared between the two groups.Results The wound cure rate of the observation group was 96.92%,surgery time was (42.94 ±7.93)min,hospital stay time was (6.87 ±1.74)d,there were no statistical differences compared with the control group (χ2 =1.003,P =0.174;t =0.994,P =0.254;t =0.883,P =0.317);The complication rate of the observation group was 18.46%,that of control group was 18.00%,there was no statistical difference between the two groups(χ2 =1.114,P =0.097).Conclusion With control of blood sugar,high ligation combined with endovenous laser treatment can get a good result and safety performance for great sapenous varicose veins patients with diabetes.

Guinea pigs were exposed to 10 impulses of either 157-or 163dB peak SPL.The threshold shift recovery was monitored for 30 d, and tympanometric changes and co-chlear hislochemistry were investigated.The results showed that the 157dB level produced a recovey pattern linear to post-exposure log time and no PTS was found.The 163dB level produced a recovery-stop-recovery pattern, showing 13dB threshold shift on the 30th day after exposure.There are no TM perforation in both groups but most of the cochleas showed loss of outer hair cells or reduced activity of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH).

Earplugs have effects on preventing noise. Many earplugs developed, when being used, may hinder speech communication because of their lack in frequency selectivity of attenuation.A new type earplug called a high-low frequency(HLF)earplug has been desingned. There is a Zigzag channel in the earplug, which lets speaking tones pass and absorbes high frequency noise. So it doesn't influence communication. And it could attenuate noise if channel be closed as well in an environemt with low frequency.According to Iso4869-1981 standard. HLF earplug's average attenuation is 29.1 dB. When the channel is opened its attenuation will be below 10 dB at low frequency; about 30 dB at high frequen-cy.

With the rapid development of neurosurgery,requirement for neuroanatomy is increasing in clinical practice.The authors made a primary exploration on how to teach focal neuroanatomy for neurosurgical postgraduate students.The idea of asking the students to draw focal anatomy was suggested by the author with the purpose of making them learn it positively.Software workstation and clinical neuroradiological work-ups such as MRI and DSA were also applied and evaluated.The authors proposed all these procedures be helpful for comprehending neuroanatomy.

We detected varicella-zoster virus (VZV) DNA sequences in bullous lesions and skin biopsies obtained from healed skin lesions in 16 patients with herpes zoster using polymerase chain reaction. A 385 bp VZV DNA fragment was found in all the bullous lesions and in two of six biopsies from the skin lesions healed within two months. No VZV DNA was found in the skin lesions two months after healing in 10 cases of herpes zoster. VZV DNA may be detected at the sites of resolved herpes zoster lesions within short duration.

Objective To explore specific risk factors in the early seizures after acute moderate and severe head injuries and understand incidence of nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) under coma. Methods Eighty-six patients with acute moderate and severe head injuries were monitored with video-electroencephalogram (video-EEG) for one week. Results (1) Of all, 7 cases (8.14%) had clinical seizures and 6 (6.98%) NCSE. (2) In patients with severe head injuries especially intracranial hemorrhage, post-traumatic seizures especially NCSE were more likely to occur, with no significant difference in sex and age. Conclusions Severe and critical head injuries and intracranial hemorrhage are specific risk factors for early post-traumatic seizures, especially NCSE. After brain injury, EEG should be used to evaluate traumatic coma even if clinical seizure does not appear.

HIV/AIDS has posed an increasingly serious issue in China. In recent years, Chinese government has taken further intensified efforts to combat HIV/AIDS with high-level political commitment, supportive policy development, increased financial allocation, large-scale of governmentled initiatives, expanded international cooperation and great involvement of non-governmental organizations. Meanwhile gaps and challenges coexist impacting the implementation and the results of national HIV/AIDS programs. Thus, further government efforts are needed to improve and tailor the actions to meet the requirement of HIV/AIDS control in China.

Objective To explore the correlation between carotid atherosclerosis and coronary artery atherosclerosis, and their relationship with macrophage colony stimulatory factor (M-SCF), C-reactive protein(CRP) and plaque stability.Methods A total of 400 patients having underwent a selective coronary angiography were divided into no coronary heart disease (NCHD) group (93 cases), acute coronary artery syndrome(ACS) group (202 cases) and stable angina pectoris(SAP) group ( 105 cases).Based on coronary angiography plaque morphology, the patch was typed as Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ and based on ultrasound for the carotid artery, plaque was typed as stable and unstable plaques.The plaque type, the levels of peripheral blood M-SCF, CRP was compared among ACS group,SAP group and NCHD group.Results Coronary artery atherosclerosis was mainly type Ⅱ in ACS group[78.7%(159/202)], and carotid atherosclerosis was mainly unstable[69.3%(140/202)].Coronary artery atherosclerosis of type Ⅰ , Ⅱ , Ⅲ was 40.0%(42/105), 30.5% (32/105) and 29.5%(31/105) in SAP group,and carotid atherosclerosis was mainly stable.The levels of peripheral blood M-SCF, CRP in ACS group were higher than those in SAP group and NCHD group (P＜ 0.05 ) ,and there was no significant difference between SAP group and NCHD group (P＞ 0.05 ).The levels of peripheral blood M-SCF, CRP in coronary artery atherosclerosis with type Ⅱ were higher than those with type Ⅰ , Ⅲ (p＜ 0.05).The levels of peripheral blood M-SCF, CRP in carotid atherosclerosis with unstable plaque were higher than those with stable (P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Coronary arteriosclerosis is closely related with carotid arteriosclerosis.The levels of M-SCF and CRP are related to plaque structural characteristics and plaque stability.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of ganoderma acid in therapy of the rat essential hypertension.Methods 30 male spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) were divided randomly into three groups:control group (CG),ganoderma acid group (Gan) and captoril (Cap) as positive control group.SHR were fed with distilled water (10 ml/kg) in control group,ganoderma acid (0.6 g/kg ) in Gan group,catopril (0.03 g/kg) in Cap group.After 8-weeks therapy,5 ml blood was extracted,rats in every group were sacrificed to get the aorta.The mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD),nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were detected by RT-PCR and the apoptosis of endothelial cells were measured by flowcytometry.Results After the 8 weeks therapy,as compared with the CG group,blood pressure of SHR in Gan group became stable[(112.6±3.2) mm Hg](P＜0.01).The expression of SOD,NOS and HDL showed obviously upregulated,and apoptosis of endothelial cell decreased significantly (P＜0.01).NO contents increased,and MDA,ET-1 decreased (P＜0.01).The contents of LDL decreased and HDL increased (P＜0.01).Conclusions Ganoderma acid may improve the function of endothelial cell and decrease the blood pressure by promoting the mRNA expression and activity of SOD,cleaning the radical ions and inhibiting the apoptosis of the endothelial cell.