Objective To investigate the clinical distribution and change of pathogenic bacterium in women and children' s hospital and health institute. Methods Pathogens isolation, and identification were conducted for samples, which were gathered from patients in our hospital between Nov. 2001 and Oct. 2007. Results The total posi-tive rate was 12.7%. Conclusion Clinical distribution of pathogenic bacterium in women and children' s hospital and health institute was different from other hospitals. It is important for reasonable antibacterials application, also for nosocomial infection prevention and reduction.

Objective To set up the isolated perfused rat liver model. Methods Rat livers were harvested after the cannulation of the portal vein and bile duct. The reperfusion solution was Krebs-Henseleit solution containing bovine albumin serum and sodium taurocholate. The original CZ-1 isolated perfused rat liver system contained two subsystems: recirculating perfusion system and heat-exchange system. Then we modified the original CZ-1 system and omitted the heat-exchange system.The modified CZ-1 system consisted of a thermostatically regulated water bath,a peristaltic pump,a 4-neck round-bottom flask, a flow meter, an in-line manometer, a glass organ chamber, an iron support and a set of recirculating pipe line. Then the livers were connected via the portal vein to the modified CZ-1 system for 120 min. After 120 min reperfusion, bile production was evaluated. Routine HE staining and electron microscopic examination of hepatic tissues were also performed. Results The was not significantly different from that reported by references. Hepatic tissues in reperfusion group were also morphologically normal Conclusion The CZ-1 isolated perfused rat liver system was cost-effective and reliable to use. It was easy to run and is the ideal model for investigation of organ preservation solution.

AIM To investigate the anti-atherosclerosis mechanisms of arecoline. METHODS Fifty-eight male rats were assigned to control, model, arecoline 1 mg?kg -1 and arecoline 5 mg? [FQ(12。46,X-WZ]-kg -1 groups randomly. The rats in model and arecoline-supplied groups were fed with hypercholesterol diet. The following variables were measured: HE staining of rat aorta; serum level of TC, LDL-CHO, HDL-CHO, IL-8, ET-1 and NO; expression of eNOS protein on rat aorta; expression of MCP-1, ICAM-1, CXCR-2 and eNOS mRNA on rat aorta. RESULTS Arecoline increased plasma level of NO and the expression of eNOS protein and mRNA, decreased plasma level of IL-8 and the expression of ICAM-1, MCP-1 and CXCR-2 mRNA on rat aorta. CONCLUSION The anti-atherogenic effects of arecoline seems to be closely involved in increasing plasma level of NO and eNOS protein and mRNA expression, decrease in plasma IL-8 level and down-regulation of the expression of ICAM-1, MCP-1 and CXCR-2 genes.-

AIMTo investigate the anti-atherosclerosis mechanisms of the novel compound PPVP. METHODSThirty-six male rats were a ssigned to control, model and PPVP 5 mg?kg -1 groups randomly. The rats in model and PPVP 5 mg?kg -1 groups were fed with hypercholesterol diet for inducing atherolcerosis model. The following variables were measured: HE stainin g of rat aorta; serum level of TC, LDL-CHO, HDL-CHO, IL-8, ET-1, PGI 2, TXA 2 and NO. RESULTSPPVP increased serum level of NO, decreased plasma level of TXA 2 and inhibited the over expression of IL-8. CONC LUSIONThe anti-atherogenic effect of PPVP seems to be closely involved in increasing serum NO level, decreasing plasma level of TXA 2, and inhibiting over expression of IL-8. The result also suggests that the anti-atherogenic ef fect of PPVP in high cholesterol-fed rat may not due to the regulation of plasm a lipid profile, plasma level of ET-1 and PGI 2.

Objective To observe the movement patterns of the geniohyoid muscle in swallowing of healthy subjects by using the real-time B/M-mode ultrasound imaging.Methods Thirty healthy subjects were recruited and the movement patterns of their geniohyoid muscles in swallowing of 5 ml juice-like,thin liquid,honey-like and budding-like bolus.The parameters included the range and the duration of geniohyoid muscle movement.Each subject was measured for 3 times to get the average.Results The range of geniohyoid muscle movement in swallowing of the above bolus was (6.993 ± 1.776)mm,(7.463 ± 1.947)mm,(8.446 ±2.293)mm and (8.905 ±2.057)mm,respectively,with significant differences among them except that between juice-like and thin liquid bolus swallowing,as well as between honey-like and budding-like bolus swallowing.The duration of geniohyoid muscle movement was (0.899 ±0.129)s,(1.019 ±0.149)s,(1.119 ±0.111)s and (1.211 ±0.141)s in juice-like,thin liquid,honey-like and budding-like bolus swallowing,with significant differences among them.When swallowing the same bolus,the range and duration of geniohyoid muscle movement of males were significantly longer than those of females.Conclusions B/M-mode imaging provides a useful technique for assessment the movement of the geniohyoid muscle.The bolus viscosity has an impact on the movement of the geniohyoid muscle.Compared with the range of movement,the duration of geniohyoid muscle movement is a better index for evaluating the effect of bolus viscosity on the geniohyoid muscle movement.

Objective To investigate the role of integrin CD11b in liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and its possible mechanism.Method CD11b-/-and WT (C57BL/6) mice were used to establish a 70％ liver warm I/R by clamping the left and median liver lobes for 60 min with vascular micro clamp at 37℃,then the clamp was removed and the abdominal incision was sutured.The blood plasma and liver samples were obtained at different time points (1,3,6,12,24 and 48 h) postreperfusion to assess liver function and cellular injury.Serum ALT and AST levels were determined,and HE staining and TUNEL assay were performed to estimate the severity of liver damage.Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were assayed by Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Kupffer cells were isolated from the live,and the reduced form of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity and active oxygen species (ROS) production were assayed.Result CD11b-/-mice displayed a significantly preserved liver function as represented by lower alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartic transaminase (AST) levels,less histological damage and apoptosis compared to WT mice.Furthermore,TNF-α was decreased and IL-10 mRNA expression was increased in CD11b-/-mice compared to WT mice.Finally,CD11b-/-mice showed decreased activity of NADPH oxidase and less ROS production.Conclusion Integrin CD11 b may regulate the levels of inflammatory (TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines,enhance the activity of NADPH oxidase in Kupffer cells and enrich the production of ROS,which aggravate liver I/R injury.

Objective To investigate whether the pretreatment of SS31 could alleviate hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced injury by inhibiting p66Shc.Method The cultured rat renal proximal tubular cell line NRK52E cells were exposed to 24-h hypoxia (5％ CO2,1％ O2,and 94％ N2) followed by 6-h reoxygenation (5％ CO2,21％ O2,and 74％ N2).SS31 was added to the culture medium 4 h prior to the treatment.Then the cell viability,apoptosis,ROS and MTP were determined.In addition,Western blotting was used to detect the expression of p66Shc and p-p66Shc.Result H/R induced apoptotic cell death,accompanied with activation of total and p-p66Shc in NRK52E cells.Total p66Shc and p-p66Shc were detected at low levels in control NRK52E cells,and their levels were dramatically increased in cells after H/R treatment.Pretreatment with 100 μmol/L SS31 significantly prevented cell death and attenuated total p66Shc and p-p66Shc levels after H/R.Conclusion This study revealed that SS31 pretreatment serves a protective role against H/R-induced apoptosis of human renal tubular epithelial cells by suppressing p66Shc.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic principle of en-bloc kidney and single kidney transplantation from pediatric donors to pediatric recipients.Method A retrospective analysis of 11 pediatric kidney transplants into pediatric recipients was performed.The age of donors and recipients was 33 days to 48 months,and (9.1 ± 3.4) years (4.6 14.3 years) respectively.Result During the follow-up period of 1 to 22 months,the patient survival rate was 100％.Complications included delayed graft function in 1 case (managed by peritoneal dialysis),urine leak in 2 cases (treated by reoperation),hydronephrosis in 2 cases (treated by extracting ureteral catheter) and vascular thrombosis in 1 case.Due to thrombosis,one graft was lost.Of the remaining 10 recipients,all had excellent long-term function.At the last follow-up,their serum creatinine levels were 65.5 ±13.6 μmol/L (49-83μmol/L),and transplanted renal ultrasound examination showed no abnormality.Conclusion Kidney grafts from pediatric donors can be successfully transplanted to pediatric recipients,but the therapeutic principle is different from that in adult kidney transplantation.

Objective To explore the effect and its possible mechanism of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) on bacterial growth in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of newborns with ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP).Methods Newborns admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Guangdong Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University from June 1,2012 to December 31,2012 were reviewed.The inclusion criteria were:(1)Positive BALF culture results.(2) Requirement of mechanical ventilation with tracheal intubation.(3) Diagnosed as ventilator-associated pneumonia.Two pieces of BALF samples of newborn were collected and randornaly divided into experimental and control group.hUCMSCs were added into the experimental group,while the same volume of conditioned medium was added into the control group.Both groups were incubated for six hours in humidified CO2 incubator at 37 ℃,then,bacterial growth was assessed by colony forming unit (CFU) counts.Levels of the antimicrobial peptides (Cathelicidin/LL-37 and human HBD-2) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot.Paired t-test was used for statistical analysis.Results Among the culture results of 31 newborns,there were Klebsiella pneumoniae (6 cases,19.3％),Stenotrophomonas narrow food aeromonas (6 cases,19.3％),Hemolytic staphylococci (5 cases,16.1％),Escherichia coli (3 cases,9.7％),Bacterial meningitis septicemia Elizabeth Platinum (3 cases,9.7％),Acinetobacter baumannii (3 cases,9.7％),Pseudomonas putida (2 cases,6.4％),Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1 case,3.2％),Staphylococcus aureus (1 case,3.2％) and Enterobacter cloacae (1 ease,3.2％).The CFU counts in experimental group were much less than those in control group [(2.60±0.67) ×104] CFU/ml vs [(1.18±0.32) ×105] CFU/ml,(t=-20.19,P＜0.01).Levels of Cathelicidin/LL-37 and HBD-2 in experimental group were higher than those in control group [Cathelicidin/LL-37:(8.98 ± 3.22) ng/ml vs (3.18 ± 1.57) ng/ml,t =17.79,P ＜ 0.01 ;HBD-2:(379.87±11.74) pg/ml vs (39.89±2.86) pg/ml,t=37.62,P＜0.01].Conclusions hUCMSCs had antimicrobial effect on bacterial growth in BALFs from ventilator associated pneumonia possibly by the secretion of antimicrobial peptides (Cathelicidin/LL-37 and HBD-2).

Objective To investigate the nutritional risks, undernutrition, and nutritional support among inpatients in tertiary hospitals in Tianjin using Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002). Methods Inpatients in six departments in two tertiary hospitals in Tianjin (Tianjin Nankai Hospital and Tianjin Chest Hospital ) were consecutively enrolled from March 2005 to March 2006. Their nutritional risks were screened using NRS 2002, and the nutritional support was investigated. Results A total of 1200 inpatients received nutritional screening, and 93.0% of them underwent NRS 2002 scoring. The prevalence of undernutrition was 9. 8% and the prevalence of nutritional risk was 42. 8%. Of these patients, 241 patients (46.4%) with NRS2002≥3 received nutrition support, and 244 patients (35.9%) with NRS2002 ＜3 received nutritional support Conclusions NRS2002 is suitable for nutritional risk screening among inpatients. Inpatients usually have nutritional risks or undernutrition. However, physicians at different levels in different regions have different awareness of such risks or conditions, and the clinical application of nutritional supports sometimes are inappropriate.