The present paper introduced that in the serum of EHF patients at middle or late stage,cir-culating immune complex(CIC)level was elevated,complement mediated release activity(CRA)was greatly decreased(p

The rule of law is the basic approach of realizing harmonic relationship between doctors and patients.Therefore,the law on medicine and health should be consolidated,and the rights and obligations of both parties should be specified.Meanwhile,the enforcement of law should be strict and civilized,while developing the legal awareness of the people to maintain their rights legally,and creating nice medical sequences and doctor-patient relationship in legal environment.

Seventeen trace elements, including twelve essential trace element, and three normal elements in serum of 417 healthy students aged 7 to 20 in Shanghai were analysed. Except Se which was determined by catalytic pulse polarography, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Cr, Mo, Si, Sn, Ni, V, Co, Cd, Pb, Al, Ti, Sr, Ca, Mg and P in serum were measured by ICP-AES. The result showed that the distribution curve of normal elements and Zn, Cu in serum was more concentrated than the other trace elements. There were significant positive correlation between serum Zn, Fe, Mn, Sr and age, and negative correlation between Cu, Cr, Se, Pb and age, respectively. The elements of males were the same as that of females in total population, but the majority of the elements in serum had sex difference in different age-groups. The serum Cr, Si, Pb contents were higher, and Cu, Fe, Mn, Sr were lower in the urban than in the rural adolescents.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine foot bath combined with Xueshuantong injection in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Methods Sixty patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN)were randomly divided into two groups.According to the patients' condition,oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin were used to control blood glucose.The control group was treated with Xueshuantong injection on routine nutrition nerve program.In the conventional nutrition nerve program based on the use of traditional Chinese medicine foot bath combined with Xueshuantong injection treatment,2 groups were treated after 10 days to evaluate the efficacy.Results The total effective rate of the observation group and the control group was 90％and 66.7％respectively.The sensory and motor function of the observation group were significantly improved after the treatment group,and the blood rheology and serum endothelin level were significantly decreased.Conclusion Chinese medicine foot bath combined with Xueshuantong injection for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

AIM To investigate the effects of iptakalim hydrochloride (Ipt) on cerebral neuronal sodium, calcium and potassium channels. METHODS The effects of Ipt on sodium, calcium and potassium channels in cultured hippocampal neurons was observed using whole-cell recording technique. RESULTS Ipt had no significant effect on Na +, Ca 2+ currents, but significantly increased the outward K + currents. This enhancement of Ipt was inhibited by synchronously application of glibenclamide. Upon the administration of Ipt 1, 10, 100 ?mol?L -1, the outward K + current was significantly increased to (121.9?8.1)%, (114.7?7.1)%, (109.1?10.0)% respectively (n=6～9, P

Aim To investigate the effects of newly synthesized 2, 3-dimethyl-2-butylamine derivatives on potassium channels in cortical neurons from rats.Method On cultured cortical neurons, the influences of those novel compounds on I A and I K currents were evaluated using whole-cell patch clamp technique. Result On cortical neurons, these compounds (5),(6),(7),(9) showed no effects on outward potassium currents, while the compounds (4),(8) exhibited inhibition of I K currents. But on a rterial smooth muscle cells(SMCs), all the six compounds had potassium channels opening activities. While the other three compounds had no effects on potassium channels of SMCs, the compound (3) decreased the I K currents evoked on neu rons.Conclusion The novel 2,3-dimethyl-2-butylamine derivati ves had the different modulation of potassium channels on cortical neurons as SM Cs.

Aim To establish a cell model heterologously expressing Kir6.x and SUR subunits of K_(ATP)channels and to study the selectivity of iptakalim on different subtypes of K_(ATP) channels.Methods Cell were transfected with the pcDNA vector containing the coding sequenced of Kir6.x and SUR using liposome and the pEGFP-N1 vector encoding for green fluorescent protein was added for easy identification of transfected cells.Using immunocytochemical technique,we detected the expression of Kir6.x and SUR protein in[FL(2K2]transfected cells.The electrophysiological experiment was performed after transfection 48-72 h.In whole cell configuration,the effects of K_(ATP) channel openers iptakalim,pinacidil and diazoxide on the clone currents in transfected HEK-293 cells and the antagonism of K_(ATP) channel inhibitor glibenclamide were evaluated.Results Immunocytochemical study identified the expression of Kir6.x and SUR protein in transfected cells.The electrophysiological experiment showed that in cells with recombinant expression of the Kir6.1/SUR2B channel complex,iptakalim(100 ?m),pinacidil(100 ?m)and diazoxide(200 ?m)significantly increased the clone current from(-88.0?30.8) pA to(-2042.6?127.3) pA,(-1431.9?142.4) pA and(-1104.7?228.9) pA,respectively,at-100 mV,and the actions were inhibited by glibenclamide(10 ?m).In cells expressed with Kir6.2/SUR2A channel,both iptakalim and pinacidil activated the currents,which was sensitive to glibenclamide.While diazoxide had no effects on the clone currents.In contrast,in cells with Kir6.2/SUR1channel,diazoxide increased the activity of recombinant K_(ATP) channels,while iptakalim and pinacidil had little effects.Conclusion From these observations,the effects of K_(ATP) channels openers with different chemical structures on the subtypes of K_(ATP) channels were diverse.Iptakalim showed selective action on Kir6.1/SUR2B and Kir6.2/SUR2A,but not Kir6.2/SUR1 K_(ATP) channels

Aim To investigate the desensitization characteristics of neuronal ?4?2、?4?4 and ?7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors heterologously expressed in the SH-EP1 cell line stimulated by prolonged of repetitive application of agonist.Methods The Whole cell recording configuration of patch-clamp technique was used to study the desensitization characteristics of ?4?2、?4?4 and ?7-nAChRs in cultured SH-EP1 cells three days after passage by rapid application of nicotine onto the soma of the cells.Results Inward currents were elicited by rapid application of agonist in all the three types of SH-EP1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner.?7-nAChRs desensitized the fastest and deepest in the three while ?4?4-nAChRs the slowest and lightest under prolonged stimulation.?4?2-nAChRs desensitized the fastest in the three under repetitive stimulation while ?4?4 and ?7-nAChRs didn't have obvious desensitization.Conclusion When stimulated by prolonged of repetitive application of agonist,neuronal ?4?2、?4?4 and ?7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors had different desensitization characteristics,which is possibly associated with their roles in organophosphate poisoning inducing persistent stimulation of excessive accumulation of endogenous ACh and in nicotine addiction inducing repetitive stimulation of nicotine.

Objective To investigate the morphologic characteristics of neuron-like cells induced from the rat mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs). Methods The rat MSCs from bone marrow were cultured by being adhered to the culture dish.The thirdgeneration of the MSCs were induced by the neonate rat brain homogenate supernatant for 48 hours.The morphological characteristics and the ultrastructures of both non-induced and induced MSCs were observed under the inverted microscope and the electron microscope.The property of the induced cells was identified by using immunocytochemical method. Results Under the inverted microscope MSCs showed spindle or polygon-shaped cell bodies and the nuclei with one or two nucleoli were located in the middle of the cells.After the inducement the cells appeared neuron-like with axonlike and dendrite-like processes.The neuron-like cells were neuron special endolase(NSE),neurofilament protein(NF) positive and glial filbrillary acidic protein(GFAP) negative by irnmunocytochemical staining.Under the electron microscope the MSCs had plentiful cytoplasm and organelles and had an obvious nuclei containing a nucleoli.There were a lot of microvilli on the surfaces of the MSCs.The neuron-like cells had plentiful cytoplasm and irregular nuclei with one to three nucleoli.There were also plenty of microvilli on the cell surfaces.Conclusion MSCs are one kind of multipotent stem cells and can differentiate neurons with matured organelles induced by the neonate rat brain homogenate supernatant.

Aim To investigate the effect on antagonism of benthiactzine and atropine against the function of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors by desensitization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Methods The whole cell recording configuration of patch-clamp technique was used and the cell model was rat SCG neurons. To identify antagonists' antimuscarinic effect, mAchRs mediated IM-inhibition was measured and nicotine and oxotremorine were used. Results After de sensitization of nAChRs,the antimuscarinic effect ofboth benthiactzine and atropine decreased compared to the normal condition. The decreased antimuscarinic effect of benthiactzine was weaker than that of atro-pine. The antimuscarinic effect of both benthiactzine and atropine recovered gradually with the recovery of nAChRs from desensitization. Conclusion Desensiti-zation of nAChRs weakens the antagonists' antimuscarinic effect.