Musk ketone(3-methyl cyclopentadecanolide) is the main active ingredient of the artificial musk,it has multiple pharmacological effects,including anti-dementia,cerebral ischemia,anti-inflammatory effects and so on.This article outlines the main pharmacological effects of musk ketone on brain diseases in the recent years, aim to further research, investigation and utilization deeply of it.

Objective To study the expression of CD44V6 in human epidermal tumours and malignant melanoma. Methods The expression of CD44V6 was detected by an immunohistochemical technique in squamous cell carcinoma(SCC), basal cell carcinoma(BCC) and malignant melanoma(MM). Results CD44V6 was expressed on the membrane of tumour cells of 10 patients with SCC, and there was downregulation of CD44V6 expression which along with the decrease of differentiation of SCC tumour cells. Tumour cells of 8 patients with MM and 10 patients with BCC did not express CD44V6. Conclusion Our findings suggest that CD44V6 expression is correlated with the types of skin tumours.

Objective: To investigate the value of enhanced 3D SPACE sequence in displaying brachial plexus. Methods:35 healthy volunteers with no history of brachial plexus injury of brachial plexus MRI examinations by DWIBS scan, and SPACE scanned. Analysis and comparison of DWIBS sequences, sequences of SPACE provides a clear display of the brachial plexus, and two sets of image sequence average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the contrast to noise ratio (CNR). Results:A total of 35 cases 70 lateral brachial plexus after coronary DWIBS is clearly displayed on the sequence;the partial medial cord of brachial plexus, beams and lateral beams can also be displayed in the SPACE sequence. SPACE sequence of image signal-to-noise ratio and contrast noise ratio than the DWIBS sequence, and the difference is statistically significant. Conclusion:SPACE sequence can clearly show the brachial plexus, and DWIBS sequences compared to the normal image has a higher resolution of the brachial plexus.

Objective:To construct high level prokaryotic cell expression vector carrying human upstream regulatory element binding protein1 (hureb1) gene for producing GST hureb1 fusion protein and generating anti hureb1 antibody Methods: After the Xho I/Not I fragment from hureb1 open reading frame was recombined into the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX 4T 2, the vector was transformed into E coli BL21(DE3) strain and induced with IPTG to express the fusion protein, GST hureb1 The crudely isolated fusion protein was applied to immunize rabbit and mouse for generating anti hureb1 polyclonal antibody and monoclonal antibody respectively Results:The prokaryotic expression vector expressing GST hureb1 fusion protein was constructed and induced to produce high level GST hureb1 that was detected up to 33 45% of the total bacterial protein expressed The GST hureb1 fusion protein immunizing animals generated high titer and specific anti hureb1 antibodies Conclusion:Recombinant hureb1 protein and anti hureb1 antibodies can be used to analyze the biological functions of hureb1

BACKGROUND:At present,the most frequently agents used for neural induction of bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs)in vitro are anti-oxidants,such as beta-mercaptoethanol and all trans-retinoids.The majorities of induction from BMSCs are neuron-like cells in these protocols;however,whether it has neuronal function or not should be further studied.OBJECTIVE:TO investigate the differentiated characteristics of inducing human BMSCs into neural cells in serum-free medium.DESIGN:Observational study.SETTING:Chaozhou Central Hospital.MATERIALS:The experiment was carried out in the Chaozhou Central Hospital from April 2004 to December 2005.Adult bone marrows were derived from femoral and tibial bone marrow of three patients with fracture.All patients provided the confirmed consent and were approved by the Ethics Committee of Chaozhou Central Hospital.DMEMIF12 medium(1:1),fetal bovine serum (FBS), glutamine, N2 supplements and B27 Supplements were from GIBCO/BRL Company;recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)and recombinant epidermal growth factor(EGF)from Sigma Company;monoclonal antibody for vimentin(1:100),monoclonal antibody for myelin basic protein(MBP) (1:100),monoclonal antibody for S1 00(1:1 00),monoclonal antibody for neuron specific enolase(NSE)(1:1 00),and monoclonal antibody for neurofilament 200(NF200)(1:1 00)from Beijing Zhongshan Company;monoclonal antibody for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)(1:200)and polyclonal antibody for nestin(1:100)from Boster Company(Wuhan);mouse monoclonal antibody for beta-tubulin 3(1:1 000)from Sigma Company;SP-9000 kits and quick AEC from Beijing Zhongshan Company; culture dishes and flasks from Coming Company.METHODS:BMSCs from human bone marrow were cultured in serum-containing medium.When the primary culture was established, BMSCs were transferred into serum-free medium containing N2 or B27 supplement with 20 μg/L basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)and epidermal growth factor(EGF),and cells were cultured in an incubator containing C02of 0.05 volume fraction at 37℃. Morphological changes of BMSCs in serum-free medium were observed under phase contrast microscope. And two days after culture. Expression of relative markers of BMSCs was detected withimmunocytochemistry.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Morphological changes of BMSCs and expression of relative markers of nerve cells.RESULTS:A population of BMSCs could be isolated from adult human bone marrow,and they were processed to obtain a fibroblast-like population and were expanded as undifferentiated cells in culture for more than 10 passages.indicating their proliferative capacity.They could form spheroid state when they were sub-cultured in serum-free media supplemented with bFGF and EGF.these cells could express the markers for neural stem cells such as vimentin and nestin;they could expressed neuron specific enolase(NSE),beta-tubulin 3,TrkC and neurofilament 200(NF200)when they were plated on dishes with serum-containing medium; some cells exhibited the phenotypes for astrocytes.expressing gilal fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)and S100 protein.CONCLUSION:The morphology,protein expression and differentiation ability of BMSCs in serum-free medium was similar to those of neural stem cells.The data support the hypothesis that adult bone marrow contains stem cells capable of differentiating into neural cells,the serum-free media make BMSCs overcome their mesenchymal commitment,showing the phenotypes for neural stem cells.

Objective To examine the contribution of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells to liver transplant tolerance. Methods After injection of anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody (mAb, PC61), mouse orthotopic liver transplantation was performed and survivals were determined. The paraffin-embedded sections of hepatic allografts were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). Furthermore, the effect of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells on proliferative response of CD4+ T cells and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells was examined by depleting these regulatory T cells. Results Depletion of these cells in the recipients but not in the donors before liver transplantation caused rejection. Histological analyses of hepatic allografts with PC61 treatment showed extensive leukocyte infiltration and tissue destruction, whereas those in the control group showed minimal changes. Moreover, elimination of CD4+CD25+ T cells resulted in the enhancement of both proliferative response of CD4+ T cells and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells against donor-type alloantigen. Conclusions These results suggest that CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells were important for tolerance induction to hepatic allografts.

Objective To investigate the present situation of institutes of rehabilitation medicine in Guangxi. Methods From March to July, 2015, all 287 hospitals in Guangxi were investigated with the Human Resource Statistics of Guangxi Rehabilitation Medicine Depart-ment and the Specialist Questionnaire of Guangxi Rehabilitation Medicine Department by E-mail through the local Health and Family Plan-ning Commissions. Results There were 125 rehabilitation medicine departments with 2146 personnels in Guangxi, 0.2 therapists per bed in average. The proportion was 1∶0.725 for rehabilitative physicians to therapists;1∶1.92∶3.14 for senior, intermediate and primary title for physicians;1∶8∶63 for therapists and 1∶5.6∶18.9 for nurses. About 91.3%of the department of rehabilitation medicine was in the tertia-ry hospitals and was able to provide the services of physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, swallowing rehabilitation, cogni-tive rehabilitation, psychological therapy and rehabilitation engineering, and so on. Conclusion Rehabilitation has made a big progress com-pared with that in 2009 in Guangxi, in term of institutes, human resources and the service ability. However, the distribution of institutions and human resources remains unbalanced.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of preoperative multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) and multi-slice computed tomography portography (MSCTP) in performing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPSS) combined with gastric coronary vein embolization (GCVE). Methods A total of 126 patients with cirrhosis complicated by upper gastrointestinal bleeding or massive ascites due to portal hypertension were enrolled in this study. The patients were arranged to receive TIPSS together with GCVE. Before the treatment, MSCT and MSCTP were performed in all patients. By using post-processing techniques, including maximum intensity projection (MIP), multiplanar reformation (MPR), volume rendering (VR) and surface shade display (SSD), the anatomy of liver was comprehensively evaluated. Results Both MSCT and MSCTP could clearly display morphologic changes of liver , the spatial relationship of the portal and hepatic veins , the degree and extent of portal collateral circulation , and the severity of ascites, which provided important anatomical information for preoperative evaluation of TIPSS and GCVE. Conclusion MSCT and MSCTP are non-invasive and reliable examinations for the diagnosis of cirrhosis with portal hypertension, it can further clarify the diagnosis and guide the performance of TIPSS and GCVE.

Objective To detect plasma interleukins-35 (IL-35 )level in the patients with active tuberculosis complicated with bronchiectasis and to analyze its clinical significance.Methods Peripheral blood of patients with active tuberculosis from depart-ment of Dongguan 6th People′s hospital were collected,assigned to the active tuberculosis complicated with bronchiectasis group and active tuberculosis group.The healthy volunteers served as the control group.The plasma IL-35 level was measured by ELISA, and peripheral blood neutrophils and lymphocytes were detected by hematology analyzer.Results The levels of plasma IL-35 signif-icantly increased in both patients with active tuberculosis complicated with bronchiectasis and patients with active tuberculosis.The level of plasma IL-35 of patients with active tuberculosis complicated with bronchiectasis was significantly higher than that of the patients with active tuberculosis.The absolute value and percentage of peripheral blood neutrophils of patients with active tubercu-losis complicated with bronchiectasis were significantly higher than those of healthy volunteers.However,the percentage of periph-eral blood lymphocytes of patients with active tuberculosis complicated with bronchiectasis was significantly lower than that of healthy volunteers.Pearson correlation analysis showed that the absolute value of peripheral blood neutrophils of patients with ac-tive tuberculosis was positively correlated to the level of plasma IL-35.Conclusion IL-35 may play an important role in the progres-sion of active tuberculosis complicated with bronchiectasis.The determination of IL-35 may be helpful to the diagnosis of patients with active tuberculosis complicated with bronchiectasis.

Objective To explore the disease spectrum characteristics of hospitalized children having joined new rural cooperative medical system (NCMS) in Jinjiang, in order to provide reference for developing disease prevention and control measures for the children. Methods The disease spectrum of NCMS hospitalized children under 14 years old in Jinjiang from January to December 2013 were analyzed. Results The NCMS hospitalized children's disease attack was related to age and sex. Children in different age stages had different ranks of disease constitution, but respiratory and digestive system diseases always ranked the top 3 in each age group. The top 5 system diseases affecting children's health were respiratory diseases ( 63 . 60%) , digestive diseases ( 11 . 04%) , certain infectious and parasitic diseases (5.41%), certain conditions originated in perinatal period (3.17%), and certain consequences caused by injury, poison-ing and external causes (2.76%);The top 5 system diseases affected 85.99%of the total hospitalized children. Regard-ing to single disease rank, the top 5 diseases were all respiratory system diseases, (unspecified) bronchial pneumonia (22.83%), (unspecified) acute tonsillitis (9.26%), (unspecified) acute upper respiratory tract infection (8.99%), (unspecified) acute bronchitis (8.82%) and unspecified pneumonia (5.38%); The top 5 diseases affected 55.28% of the total hospital-ized children. Conclusion Respiratory disease is the major disease threatening the children's health in Jinjiang. It is suggested that medical and health resources be adjusted rationally, specific effective methods and measures be taken to prevent respiratory diseases, and relevant prevention and control measures be developed based on the disease constitu-tions of children in different age groups.