Objective To investigate the causes and treatment strategies of intraoperative encephalocele brain injury.Meethods 55 traumatic brain injury patients with intraoperative encephalocele were selected,the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.Results 55 patients undergoing acute encephalocele reasons including widespread severity of brain contusion,acute brain swelling(19cases),delayed intracranial hematoma(28 cases),the late herniation,hematoma too long(4 cases),traumatic shock and hypotension leading to cerebral ischemia,hypoxia (4 cases).Assessed by GOS outcome at discharge:Good 3 cases,moderate disability in 5 cases,8 cases of severe disability,vegetative five cases,of whom 34 died.Conclusion Delayed intracranial hematoma,acutebrain swelling is an acute intraoperative encephalocele main reason.Clear intraoperative brain injury causes acute encephalocele,take appropriate measures as soon as possible,in order to achieve better results and reduce mortality.

ObjectiveTo explore regulation effect of miR-340-5p on regulating bone morphogenetic protein 4(BMP4) expression and the differentiation of rat's NSCs.MethodsNSCs of rats were divided randomly into three groups: normal group (Mock),group with nonsense oligonucleotide (Anti-Con) and group with antisense oligonucleotide of miR-340-5p (Anti-miR-340-5p).The qRT-PCR was used to detect the relative expression of miR-340-5p.The expression of NF200 and MAP-2 was detected by immunocytochemical staining and immunofluorescence,respectively.Western blot was used to detect the expression of BMP4 protein.ResultsThe relative levels of miR-340-5p expression were significantly decreased in Anti-miR-340-5p group (0.14±0.01) compared with that of Mock group(1.01±0.17) and Anti-Con group(1.07±0.13) (P<0.01).Immunocytochemical staining indicated that NF200 was positive in cells of Anti-miR-340-5p group.The proportion of MAP2 positive cells was increased in Anti-miR-340-5p group compared with other groups (P<0.05).Western blot showed the increased expression of BMP4 protein in Anti-miR-340-5p group (0.84±0.09) compared with Mock group(0.53±0.04) and Anti-Con group (0.63±0.09) (P<0.05).ConclusionThe miR-340-5p may exert a potential function in regulating differentiation of NSCs into neurons through a negative regulation of BMP4.