Objective To assess effects and security of the insertion of sacroiliac screws by the bi-planar navigation robot system. Methods In a simulated surgical setup, 12 AO cannulated screws were placed into the S1 vertebral bodies of 4 human pelvic bone under the guidance of the bi-planar navigation robot system which was developed jointly by Beijing Aeronautics and Space University and our hospital. To compare this new technique with the conventional technique, another 12 cannulated screws were placed into 4 Synbone pelvic models under fluoroscopic control. The fluoroscopic times, the radiation exposure time and operation time between image acquisition and guide-wire insertion were recorded. Results With the guidance of the bi-planar navigation robot system, the average fluoroscopic times were 2.5, the average radiation exposure time was 1.5 seconds, and the average operation time was 253 seconds. All the screws were in the safe area. Under the fluoroscopic control, the average fluoroscopic times were 20.3, the average radiation exposure time was 13.7 seconds, and the average operation time was 246 seconds. Two screws (16.7%) were misplaced. The fluoroscopic times and the radiation exposure time were reduced significantly when the bi-planar navigation robot system was used (P0.05). Conclusions The bi-planar navigation robot system can provide precise navigation for insertion of sacroiliac screws within several minutes, and reduce the radiation exposure to the patient and the staff significantly. The results of this prospectively controlled experimental study are encouraging for further clinical trials.

Objective To evaluate the value of Univent tube in the airway management during one-lung ventilation. Methods A total of 40 patients with pneumothorax undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) were randomly divided into Univent (U) and double-lumen tube (Robertshaw) (D) groups (20 in each). In U group, intubation was performed under the guidance of a fibreoptic bronchoscope; while in D group, the position of the tube was confirmed using fibreoptic bronchoscopy after intubation. The time of intubation, number of secondary dislodgements, quality of lung deflation, peak airway pressure during one-lung ventilation, and blood artery gas analysis data in the two groups were recorded 30 minutes after one-lung ventilation. Results The intubation time in U group was significantly longer than that in D group [(6.18?1.26) min vs (3.26?0.82) min, t=8.654, P=0.000]. The number of secondary dislodgements was 7 in U group, and 5 in D group(U=187.500, P=0.663). No significant difference was detected in the quality of lung deflation between the two groups, (U group: 15 excellent, 3 fair, and 2 poor; D group: 17 excellent, 2 fair, and 1 poor;U=179.500, P=0.583). The peak airway pressure during one-lung ventilation in U group was significantly lower than that in D group [(15.3?3.5) cm H2O vs (21.4?6.6) cm H2O, t=-3.649, P=0.001]; and the oxygen pressure in group U was significantly higher than that in group D [(303.8?65.7) mm Hg vs (258.4?72.9) mm Hg, t=2.066, P=0.046]. No significant difference was found in carbon dioxide pressure and oxygen saturation between the two groups. Conclusion During VATS, univent tube showed the same effectiveness and safety as DLT for one-lung ventilation.

Objective To evaluate applicative value of laparoscopy in children for the diagnosis and treatment of non-palpable testes.Method We evaluated retrospectively the laparoscopic approach used in 16 boys for the diagnosis and treatment of 21 non-palpable testes. All of them were diagnosed by non-palpable testis before operation.Results 7 cases (11 testis) in the internal ring were mobilized laparoscopically, and the operation was completed by open orchidopexy. Agenesis or atrophy of the 6 testis in the inguinal region was found. 2 high intra-abdominal testis (left) were found. The testis had no found in the intra-abdomen in two cases.Conclusions Miniinvasive laparoscopy is considered at present the standard method for the localization and treatment of non-palpable testes. No serious complications were recorded during or after operation. It should be the preferred method for the non-palpable testes.

Objective To investigate the relationships of tone burst -ABR Thresholds and the pure -tone audiograms in normal hearing adults .Methods The response thresholds of Tone burst -ABR and the pure -tone audiogram were recorded from 34 adult(68 ears) at 0 .5 ,1 .0 ,2 .0 ,and 4 .0 kHz .The results were statistically ana-lyzed .The correlation of the response thresholds of tone burst -ABR and the pure-tone audiogram were studied . Results At 0 .5 ,1 .0 ,2 .0 ,4 .0 kHz ,the averages of the response thresholds of tone burst -ABR were 27 .43 ± 3 .29 ,25 .98 ± 2 .76 ,16 .78 ± 2 .37 ,and 12 .42 ± 2 .64 dB nHL ,respectively .The averages of the pure -tone audio-gram were 12 .23 ± 3 .99 ,11 .82 ± 2 .56 ,9 .58 ± 3 .23 ,and 9 .92 ± 2 .59 dB nHL ,respectively .The differences between the response thresholds of tone burst -ABR and the pure-tone audiogram were 12 .13 ± 4 .51 ,11 .43 ± 3 .66 ,7 .61 ± 2 .43 ,and 7 .17 ± 1 .32 dB ,respectively .At 0 .5 ,1 .0 ,2 .0 ,and 4 .0 kHz ,Pearson correlation coefficients were 0 .69 ,0 .79 ,0 .84 ,0 .89 ,respectively .Conclusion The tone burst -ABR and the pure -tone audiogram thresholds were a highly correlated with each other ,especially at 2 .0 kHz and 4 .0 kHz .Tone burst -ABR has the frequency specificity ,which can response the hearing level better .

Objective:To study the impacts of high power microwave radiation on the testicular germ cell apoptosis in the rats. Methods: Fifty Spraque-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups .In the experimental group,the animals were radiated with S wave band 20 mW/cm 2 high power microwave for 5 min, and in the control group,5 rat were not radiated. 5 blank radiation groups served as controls. At the end of process, testicular germ cell apoptosis were detected by in situ terminal deoxymudeotityl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) 6 h , 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 5d following radiation. Results:In experiment group the amounts of apoptosis cells were more than that of control group 6 h?24 h?48 h following radiation(P0.05). Conclusion: Radiation by HPM for 5 min would result in testicular germ cell apoptosis and damage in the rat.

Serum IL-1,IL-6 and IL-8 were determined by subjects-using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA technique) in 40 children with bronchial asthma consisting of 20 cases in the acute stage and 20 cases in the remission stage,and another 20 health children as normal control,respectively.The results showed that the levels of serum IL-1(11.9pg/ml±2.84pg/ml),IL-6(0.75ng/ml±0.3ng/ml)and IL-8(0.08ng/ml±0.05ng/ml)in the acute stage were significantly higher than those in the remission stage(8.41pg/ml±0.05pg/ml(IL-1),0.49ng/ml±0.08ng/ml(IL-6)and 0.02ng/ml±0.01ng/ml(IL-8)) and in the normal children (8.4pg/ml±0.32pg/ml(IL-1),0.4ng/ml±0.09ng/ml(IL-6)and 0.02ng/ml±0.02ng/ml(IL-8)),respectively.Further more,there were a significant positive correlation between IL-1 and IL-6 or IL-8(P＜0.01).It is concluded that IL-1 may involve in the pathologic process of asthma like IL-6 and IL-8,and an inflammatory reaction may still exist in the airway during the remission stage of asthma. The imbalances of cytokine network may probably be important reason as a molecular basis in the asthma pathogenesis.It is suggested that it can be valuable to predict an acute attack of asthma when the levels of these cytokines increase.

Objective To design a method for detecting multileaf collimator (MLC) leaf position accuracy in implementing a static intensity-modulated plan and to analyze the impacts of leaf errors on dose of targets and normal organs.Methods Static intensity-modulated planning for twenty lung cancer cases through dose verification was sorted in an ascending order according to the number of segment,and then the first and the last 10 plans were sorted as the simple plan group and the complex plan group,respectively.These plans were transmitted to a Varian 600CD accelerator and implemented by it.Photos were taken with PV aS500 electronic portal imaging device (EPID) and actual position of leafs was determined by gradient algorithm to calculate the pass rate for leaf verification.MLC files were modified according to examination results and the plans were re-calculated while keeping other parameters unchanged.Thus,difference of targets and normal organs dose distribution before and after the appearance of leaf errors were obtained.Results The dose distribution of most organs after leaf errors were increased or decreased,and the maximum dose of spinal cord in the sixth and thirteen cases exceeded the limit of 45 Gy.In the group of simple plan only the changes of maximum dose to the spinal cord were statistically significant(t =-3.08,P ＜ 0.05),while in the group of the complex plan all changes of D95％ of PGTV and PTV,maximum dose of the spinal cord,V20 of lung and V40 of heart were statistically significant(t =-1.89,-1.99,-2.36,-2.55,-1.85,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions To ensure the safety and effects,it was necessary to detect leaf position,particularly the complex intensity-modulated planning.Electronic portal imaging devices and treatment planning system could detect leaf positions during the implementation of a plan and obtain the actual dose of targets and normal organs.

Objective　To investigate the expression and role of inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1β(IL-1β)、interleukin-6(IL-6)、interleukin-8(IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)in epiretinal membranes(ERM)of eyes with proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR).Methods　Nineteen epiretinal membranes were obtained from eyes undergoing vitrectomy for retinal detachment complicated with PVR and observed by immunohistochemical methods.Results　Expression of IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8 and TNF-α were observed in 9、12、11and 15 membranes respectively, with positive staining mostly in the extracellular matrix of epiretinal membranes. Only one membrane showed positive to IL-6 intracellularly, expression for all the cytokines simultaneously in 4 membranes.Conclusion　The findings indicate that cytokine-mediated pathways of inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of PVR.

Objective To investigate the value of three-dimensional CT volume rendering in predicting ARDS following pulmonary contusion and identifying high-risk patients.Methods Seventy-one cases of pulmonary contusion (AIS ＞ 2 points) confirmed by chest CT during an emergency admission between July 2010 and June 2011 were enrolled.Using computer-generated three-dimensional reconstruction,contusion volume was measured and expressed as a percentage of total lung volume.The admission data,such as blood gas analysis results,systolic arterial pressure,hematocrit,AIS,ISS,and injury distribution,were prospectively collected.Independent predictive factors of ARDS following pulmonary contusion was identified using logistic regression analysis and further estimation on accuracy and value of the predictors were performed.Influence of contusion volume percentage on clinical outcomes was detected.Results Of all,mean contusion volume percentage was (22.07 ± 14.50)％ (range,5.60％-61.00％),which was not strongly correlated to the admission PaO2/FiO2 ratio (R2 =0.059).ARDS and infection were diagnosed in 31 cases and 25 cases respectively.PaO2/FiO2 ratio and contusion volume percentage were independent predictive factors of ARDS after pulmonary contusion.The best cut-off of contusion percentage in predicting ARDS development was 21.5％ with a specificity of 80.0％,sensitivity of 71.0％,positive predictive value of 73.3％,and negative predictive value of 78.1％.Conclusion Three-dimensional CT volume rendering technique allows quantification of pulmonary contusion and identification of patients at high risk of ARDS,to whom further treatment may be directed.

OBJECTIVE: Comparative analysis of the clinical curative effect of manipulative reduction and TRV- CRP treatment of BPPV, comfort degree during reset and quality of life improvement. METHOD: One hundred and thirty-two patients with BPPV were randomly divided into two groups ,one group underwent the traditional manip- ulative reduction, the other group with TRV-CRP. DRI and VAS was evaluated in the pre and after treatment and evaluation of the efficacy was conducted. The results of two groups were compared. RESULT: The effective rate of manipulative reduction after a week treatment was 89. 23% and TRV-CRP.was 98. 51%, which was higher in TRV-CRP group than that of the manipulation reduction group(P<0. 05). The comfort degree of the manipulation reduction group was 4. 54±2. 48,higher than the TRV-CRP group which was 5. 48±1. 44 (P<0. 05). The score of DHI showed no significant difference before treatment between manipulation reduction group and TRV-CRP group(P>0. 05), the score of the two groups were decreased after a week of reduction, but the improvement of TRV-CRP group was higher than that of manipulation reduction group(P<0. 05). CONCLUSION The success rate of TRV-CRP was higher than that of manipulative reduction,but manipulative reduction comfort degree was higher than TRV-CRP, the two methods can both improve the quality of life of patients with BPPV. TRV-CRP has many advantages over manipulative reduction, but manipulative reduction is simple with low cost, and the effect is still a great advantage. In clinical work, we should reasonable combine the two methods,so as to improve the cure rate of RPPV.
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ; therapy ; Humans ; Patient Positioning ; Quality of Life ; Treatment Outcome