The incidence of breast cancer is increasing year by year,and its pathogenesis is highly complex.The dysregulation of gut microbiota function is closely related to the occurrence and development of breast cancer.The estrogen levels through enterohepatic circulation is regulated by β-glucuronidase produced by the gut microbiota,thereby influencing the occurrence and development of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and leading to tamoxifen resistance.The metabolites from the gut microbiota,such as short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)and lithocholic acid(LCA),can participate in regulating the tumor cell cycles and cell proliferation.The colonization of gut microbiota maintains the integrity of the intestinal barrier and regulates the anti-tumor immunity mediated by T lymphocytes.Maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis can enhance the efficacy of tumor chemotherapy and immunotherapy and reduce the adverse reactions in anti-tumor treatments.The targeted action of engineered probiotics in immunotherapy can improve the precision of drug treatment.The effect of gut microbiota on radiotherapy is not yet clear,but regulating gut microbiota can aid in the treatment of radiation enteritis.This review discusses the correlation and effect of gut microbiota on breast cancer and analyzes its role in the treatment of breast cancer.

Objective:To analyze survival in patients with advanced oral cancer from prospective clinical trials. Methods:From 2008 to 2010, 256 patients with oral cancer at clinical stage III/IVA were randomly categorized into two groups. Patients in the experi-mental group received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, surgery, and post-operative radiation, and patients in the control group underwent surgery and post-operative radiation. All patients were routinely followed-up after treatments. Survival was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test, and differences were considered statistically significant at P value lower than 0.05. Results: Each group was composed of 128 patients. With the median follow-up period of 60 months, the 5-year overall survival rate was 61.7%and the disease-free survival rate was 53.9%. The overall survival rate (P=0.350) and the disease-free survival rate (P=0.160) were not sig-nificantly different between the experimental and control groups. Patients with positive pathological response to neo-adjuvant chemo-therapy exhibited significantly improved overall survival (P＜0.05). Conclusion:Radical surgery should be emphasized to improve the prognosis of oral cancer. Functional reconstruction could also improve the quality of life and survival of patients. Despite that neo-adju-vant chemotherapy could not improve the survival of patients with advanced oral cancer in entirety, it could benefit patients exhibiting positive treatment responses.

ObjectiveTo explore the improvement effect of Flos Puerariae， Hoveniae Semen， and their compatibility on acute alcoholic gastric mucosal injury， and lay a foundation for further development of Flos Puerariae， Hoveniae Semen， and their compatibility in the prevention and treatment of alcohol-induced multiple organ injury. MethodThe acute alcohol-induced gastric mucosal injury model of mice was established by multiple intragastric administration of 56% Hongxing Erguotou liquor （15 mL·kg^-1）. A total of 120 male ICR mice were randomly divided into 8 groups， namely， the blank group， model group， omeprazole group （0.026 g·kg^-1）， Flos Puerariae-Hoveniae Semen （compatibility） high， medium， and low-dose groups （29.2，14.6， 7.3 g·kg^-1）， Flos Puerariae group （19.5 g·kg^-1）， and Hoveniae Semen group （19.5 g·kg^-1）， with 15 mice in each group. After one week of adaptive feeding， the animals were pre-administrated with the corresponding drug at the rate of 10 mL·kg^-1 for 3 d. From the 4^th day， after 1 h of administration， Erguotou liquid was administrated at the rate of 15 mL·kg^-1 and the blank group was administrated with the same volume of deionized water to record the drunkenness and sober up time. The administration was lasted for 3 d. One hour after the last administration， the eyeballs were removed and the mice were sacrificed. The concentration of ethanol in serum was determined by gas chromatograph， and the activity of ethanol dehydrogenase （ADH） in gastric mucosa was determined by ultraviolet-vis spectrophotometer. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes in gastric mucosa. Serum inflammatory factors were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mRNA expression of nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB） p65 and NF-κB inhibitory protein α （IκBα） were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultAs compared with the normal group， the content of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in serum of mice in the model group was increased （P<0.05）， the mRNA expression of NF-κB p65 in gastric mucosa tissues was increased （P<0.01）， and the mRNA expression of IκBα was decreased （P<0.01）. As compared with the model group， the drunkenness time of the omeprazole group， high and medium-dose compatibility groups， and Flos Puerariae group was prolonged （P<0.05）， the sober up time of the high and medium-dose compatibility groups was shortened （P<0.05）， the ethanol concentration in the serum of the high-dose compatibility group was decreased （P<0.05）， the ADH activity in the gastric mucosa of the omeprazole group and high and medium-dose compatibility groups was increased （P<0.05）， the macroscopic injury score of the high， medium， and low-dose compatibility groups and Flos Puerariae group was decreased （P<0.05）， the score of pathological injury in the omeprazole group， high， medium， and low-dose compatibility groups， and Flos Puerariae group was decreased （P<0.01）， the expression of IL-6 in serum of all drug groups was decreased （P<0.05）， the expression of IL-1β in serum of the omeprazole group， high， medium， and low-dose Flos Puerariae groups， and Hoveniae Semen group was decreased （P<0.05）， the expression of TNF-α in serum of high and medium-dose groups was decreased （P<0.05）， the mRNA expression of NF-κB p65 in gastric mucosa tissues of all drug groups was decreased （P<0.05）， and the mRNA expression of IκBα in gastric mucosa tissues of the omeprazole group and high， medium， and low-dose compatibility groups was increased （P<0.05）. As compared with the high-dose compatibility group， the drunkenness time in the low-dose compatibility group and Hoveniae Semen group was shortened （P<0.01）， the sober up time in the Flos Puerariae and Hoveniae Semen groups was prolonged （P<0.01）， the concentration of ethanol in the serum of the medium and low-dose compatibility groups， Flos Puerariae group， and Hoveniae Semen group increased （P<0.05）， the macroscopic injury score of the medium and low-dose compatibility groups and Hoveniae Semen group was increased （P<0.05）， the pathological injury score of the medium and low-dose compatibility groups， Flos Puerariae group， and Hoveniae Semen group was increased （P<0.01）， the content of IL-1β in serum of low-dose compatibility group， Flos Puerariae group， and Hoveniae Semen group was increased （P<0.01）， and the mRNA expression of IκBα in gastric mucosa of the Flos Puerariae group and Hoveniae Semen group was decreased （P<0.05）. As compared with the medium-dose compatibility group， the drunkenness time in the Hoveniae Semen group was shortened （P<0.05）， the sober up time in the Flos Puerariae group was prolonged （P<0.05）， the pathological injury score in the Flos Puerariae group and Hoveniae Semen group was increased （P<0.01）， and the content of IL-1β in serum of the low-dose compatibility group， the Flos Puerariae group， and Hoveniae Semen group was increased （P<0.05）. As compared with the low-dose compatibility group， the pathological injury score of the Hoveniae Semen group was increased （P<0.05）. ConclusionFlos Puerariae， Hoveniae Semen， and their compatibility play a role in preventing and treating acute alcoholic gastric mucosal injury in mice， which may be related to the inhibition of the expression of NF-κB signal pathway in gastric mucosa， and the high-dose compatibility group has the optimal effect.

Objective: Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is a common birth defect with its genetic evidence widely explored. This study explored the potential the parent-of-origin (PoO) effect of WNT pathway on the risks of NSCL/P, using a case-parent trio design. Methods: Data on the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of WNT genes were selected from a genome-wide association study (GWAS). A total of 806 Chinese non-syndromic cleft lip patients, with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) case-parent trios, were gathered from an international consortium. PoO effect of WNT pathway genes and its haplotypes were explored by log-linear models. Additional Wald tests were performed to assess: a) the heterogeneity of PoO effect between different maternal exposures, b) the interaction between PoO effect, c) maternal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), and d) multivitamin supplementation during pregnancy. The threshold for statistical significance was adjusted as 3.47×10^-4, according to Bonferroni correction. Results: After quality control, a total of 144 SNPs within seven genes were included for analyses, among which 8 SNPs were of potential PoO effect (P<0.05). However, none of them achieved the statistical significance after Bonferroni correction. The haplotype rs4074668-rs12725747 (T-A) on WNT9A showed significant PoO effect, based on the haplotype test for PoO (P=2.74×10^-4). In addition, no statistically significant interaction was found in further exploration of this haplotype under environmental exposures as ETS or multivitamin supplementation. Conclusions Genes in the WNT pathway may influence the NSCL/P risks through the potential PoO effect. Particularly, the haplotype rs4074668-rs12725747 (T-A) on WNT9A presented significant PoO effect on NSCL/P, statistically. From this current study, findings on WNT pathway related risks among the NSCL/P, need to be further validated by independent samples in the future.

Objective:The investigation and research on the application status of Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient (HVPG) is very important to understand the real situation and future development of this technology in China.Methods:This study comprehensively investigated the basic situation of HVPG technology in China, including hospital distribution, hospital level, annual number of cases, catheters used, average cost, indications and existing problems.Results:According to the survey, there were 70 hospitals in China carrying out HVPG technology in 2021, distributed in 28 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central Government). A total of 4 398 cases of HVPG were performed in all the surveyed hospitals in 2021, of which 2 291 cases (52.1%) were tested by HVPG alone. The average cost of HVPG detection was (5 617.2±2 079.4) yuan. 96.3% of the teams completed HVPG detection with balloon method, and most of the teams used thrombectomy balloon catheter (80.3%).Conclusion:Through this investigation, the status of domestic clinical application of HVPG has been clarified, and it has been confirmed that many domestic medical institutions have mastered this technology, but it still needs to continue to promote and popularize HVPG technology in the future.