Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is one of typical indicators to evaluate arterial stiffness.About the gender difference of pulse wave velocity,some controversies exist.In this paper,several factors affecting the differences such as height,aging,sex steroids,which affect the arterial structure and function and bring the gender difference,are reviewed relatively in detail.In addition,several aspects including measurement accuracy,analyzing method and the characteristics of sample population,which may induce the difference of PWV results,are also briefly reviewed.Meanwhile,some existing controversies are indicated objectively to further possible research interests in this field.

Gravity is the most fundamental biomechanical stimulus for posture change.Pressure of blood flow is one of primary indicators to evaluate cardiovascular performance.Up to now, the underlying mechanism of effects of posture change on cardiovascular system is still unclear.A 3D FSI mathematical model with posture change was presented.By applying the body force terms to the fluid equation and the vessel wall equation, the model could be used to study posture change and the effects of gravity on the pressure of blood flow quantitively.Under different inlet-outlet pressure difference(IODP) and different postures such as horizontal, upright and upside-down one, the effects of gravity were simulated.In horizontal position, the pressure distributions of blood flow transformed from 2D(two-dimensional) axis-symmetry without gravity to 3D asymmetry with gravity under small IODP.With IODP increasing, gravity had less effects on pressure distribution and extreme value.As IODP reached 10 665.6 Pa(80 mmHg) and 2 666.4 Pa(20 mmHg) respectively, this effect was observed to be constant.Similar results were obtained from 3D fluid-only model.In either upright or upside-down position, 2D axis-symmetric pressure distribution was observed with and without gravity, yet the position, in which extreme pressure appeared, was different in upright position from that in upside-down one.Finally, the effect intensity of gravity in upright or upside-down position was more than twice as much as that in horizontal one.The results indicate that introducing body force term into the fluid and solid equations to present a novel model, which was based on hemodynamics, will provide a new way to study posture change.Effects of gravity on pressure distribution and extreme value changed with different postures and IODP.If IODP is small, ignoring effect of gravity and postures so as to simplify the hemodynamics model to 2D axis-symmetric one, the conclusion should be drawn with caution.

The clinical practice of diabetes management is facing challenge in China,old anti-diabetic drugs such as sulfonylureas have been used for more than 60 years, and they are still valuable in diabetes management because of their remarkable hypoglycemic effect,as well as good safety,clear adverse events and cost-effectiveness.

Objective:To assess the value of serum tumor specific protein 70 (SP70) for prognostic stratification in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).Methods:A cohort study design was adopted. 129 newly diagnosed AML patients from September 2022 to January 2024 at the Hematology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were included, as well as a control group consisted of 120 healthy individuals and 7 cases with benign hematologic diseases during the same period (total 127 cases). Clinical data were collected from Electronic Medical Records. According to the 2023 edition of the Chinese Leukemia Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines, AML patients with good or moderate prognosis were categorized as low-to-intermediate risk, while those with poor prognosis were high-risk group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify variables significantly associated with AML prognostic risk. ROC analysis was used to evaluate diagnostic performance. A nomogram for predicting patient prognostic risk was constructed by R 4.0.2 software, and the internal validation was performed using bootstrapping.Results:Among 129 AML patients, there were 71 males (55.0%) and 58 females (45.0%), with 42 (32.6%) classified as high-risk and 87 (67.4%) as low-intermediate risk. The high-risk group had a significantly higher median age [62 (48, 67) years] compared to the low-intermediate risk group [50 (35, 63) years, Z=-2.381, P=0.017], and a significantly higher proportion of males (30 patients, 71.4%) compared to the low-intermediate risk group (41 patients, 47.1%, χ 2=6.760, P=0.009). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that serum SP70 ( OR=2.54, 95% CI: 1.68-3.84, P<0.001), hemoglobin (HB) ( OR=0.96, 95% CI: 0.93-0.99, P<0.05), and bone marrow blast (BM blast) ( OR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.02-1.13, P<0.05) were independent risk factors for high-risk prognosis in AML patients. ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for SP70 predicting high-risk patients was 0.908 (cut-off value of 5.74 ng/ml, 95% CI: 0.845-0.952, sensitivity 90.5%, specificity 82.8%). The combined model of serum SP70, HB, and BM blasts had an AUC of 0.931 (95% CI: 0.890-0.973); C-index=0.925 (95% CI: 0.876-0.963),with no statistically significant difference compared to serum SP70 alone ( Z=1.693, P>0.05). Conclusion:Serum SP70 may be a promising non-invasive molecular biomarker for prognostic stratification in AML.

Objective:To assess the value of serum tumor specific protein 70 (SP70) for prognostic stratification in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).Methods:A cohort study design was adopted. 129 newly diagnosed AML patients from September 2022 to January 2024 at the Hematology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were included, as well as a control group consisted of 120 healthy individuals and 7 cases with benign hematologic diseases during the same period (total 127 cases). Clinical data were collected from Electronic Medical Records. According to the 2023 edition of the Chinese Leukemia Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines, AML patients with good or moderate prognosis were categorized as low-to-intermediate risk, while those with poor prognosis were high-risk group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify variables significantly associated with AML prognostic risk. ROC analysis was used to evaluate diagnostic performance. A nomogram for predicting patient prognostic risk was constructed by R 4.0.2 software, and the internal validation was performed using bootstrapping.Results:Among 129 AML patients, there were 71 males (55.0%) and 58 females (45.0%), with 42 (32.6%) classified as high-risk and 87 (67.4%) as low-intermediate risk. The high-risk group had a significantly higher median age [62 (48, 67) years] compared to the low-intermediate risk group [50 (35, 63) years, Z=-2.381, P=0.017], and a significantly higher proportion of males (30 patients, 71.4%) compared to the low-intermediate risk group (41 patients, 47.1%, χ 2=6.760, P=0.009). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that serum SP70 ( OR=2.54, 95% CI: 1.68-3.84, P<0.001), hemoglobin (HB) ( OR=0.96, 95% CI: 0.93-0.99, P<0.05), and bone marrow blast (BM blast) ( OR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.02-1.13, P<0.05) were independent risk factors for high-risk prognosis in AML patients. ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for SP70 predicting high-risk patients was 0.908 (cut-off value of 5.74 ng/ml, 95% CI: 0.845-0.952, sensitivity 90.5%, specificity 82.8%). The combined model of serum SP70, HB, and BM blasts had an AUC of 0.931 (95% CI: 0.890-0.973); C-index=0.925 (95% CI: 0.876-0.963),with no statistically significant difference compared to serum SP70 alone ( Z=1.693, P>0.05). Conclusion:Serum SP70 may be a promising non-invasive molecular biomarker for prognostic stratification in AML.