The sagittal and transverse diameters of spinal canal were measured from 344 cases including dry specimens,preserved vertebral colomns and X-ray films.Based on these data several conclusions have been drawn. (1)The morphology of spinal canal is consistent with the external feature of spinal cord. (2)The mean values of various measurement of cervical(C),thoracic(T),and lumbar(L)vertebrae of spinal canal in dry specimens are as follows: Transverse diameter(mm.) Sagittal diameter(mm.) C T L C T L Male 23.6 16.7 23.4 14.4 14.9 16.5 Eemale 23.1 16.1 22.4 13.7 14.2 16.0 (3)The mean values of measurement of spinal canal in X-ray films are as fol- lows: Transverse diameter(mm.) Sagittal diameter(mm.) L C L Male 27.8 16.5 19.8 Female 27.0 15.7 19.1 The data measured from X-ray films are approximately 20% larger than those from the actual specimens. (4)The ratio between the sagittal diameters of the cervical canal and vertebral body is 80～90% in male and 90～100% in female.The normal ratio between the products of sagittal and transverse diameters of the lumbar spinal canal and of the vertebral body is 1:4.Ratios lower than this value is considered to denote a diagnostic significance for spinal stenosis.

Objective To investigate the characteristic and satisfaction degree of clinical applica-tion of "fingers pain score model" from the aspects of nurses and patients in order to evaluated the fea- sibility and pragmatism of the model. Methods "Fingers pain score model" was designed and to-gether with the NRS- 10 scale were applied in clinic for 2 years. Evaluation from both nurses and patients were in-vestigated after two-year probation, and the results underwent χ<'2> test. Results Evaluation from nurses on convenience, fidelity, communication and satisfaction of "fingers pain score model"were all sig-nificantly higher compared with the control. And evaluation from patients on direct-viewing,accuracy,re-ception and satisfaction of "fingers pain score model"were different from the NRS- 10 control, except for the fidelity. Conclusions Outweighing the NRS- 10 scale, the "fingers pain score model" is a better choice to meet the needs of the nurses and patients in pain evaluation in clinic.

1.The sagittal and transverse diameters of 1,456 transverse foramina in 728cervical vertebrae were measured.The data are as follows:transverse diameter(mm) sagittal diameter (mm)Left Right Left RightMale(702 cases) 6.0?1.0 5.9?1.1 5.4?1.2 5.3?1.1Female(754 cases) 5.9?1.0 5.8?1.1 5.3?1.1 5.1?1.12.Among the 710 transverse foramina of 357 cervical vertebrae observed,mostof them are of the elliptical type.3.19.3% of double transverse foramen were found in 710 transverse foraminawhich were mostly encountered at the 6 th cervical vertebra.4.The mean value of the external diameter of the cervical part of the vertebralartery is 4?0.7mm.in 40 sides of specimens.5.63.1% of the vertebral artery in the 710 transverse foramina were foundmedial to its accompanying vein.6.According to the relationship between the sagittal(X_1)and transversediameter(X_2)of the transverse foramen and the diameter(Y)of the vertebralartery,a formula,(?)=1.859+0.172 X_1+0.24 X_2,of multiple regression was formulatedThus,the estimated diameter of the vertebral artery from the sagittal diameter X_1and transverse diameter X_2 of the transverse foramen could be obtained and it maybe helpful for clinical practice.7.In case of arthrosis,the vertebral artery could be compressed by the unco-vertebral joint which are found mostly at the level of the 4～5th cervicalvertebrae.

Objective:To explore the effects of HIF-1α on the growth of transplanted oral cancer and on the expression of CEACAM1 and VEGF-C in the tumor.Methods:Nude mouse model of oral cancer was established by transplantation of Tca8113 cells respectively treated by HIF-1α siRNA and negative control siRNA subcutaneously into right axillary region of nude mice.3 weeks after transplantation the mice were sacrificed,the tumor volum and weight were measured.The tumor tissue was examined by ELISA method for the detection HIF-1α protein expression,by real-time quantitative PCR and western blot for the detection of mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1α,CEACAM1 and VEGF-C respectively.Results:The volume and weight of the transplanted tumor in HIF-1 α siRNA group were significantly less than those in the control group(P＜0.05),CEACAM1 and VEGF-C mRNA and protein were down-regulate in HIF-1α siRNA group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:HIF-1α expression is positively related to the expression of CEACAM1 and VEGF-C in the regulation of oral tumor growth.

To investigate the impact of maternal hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier state on twin pregnancy outcomes. Methods From January 2004 to December 2012, 569 women with twin pregnancy were hospitalized in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. Thirty-two women positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)(negative for hepatitis B e antigen, with normal liver function before conception)were included in the HBsAg-positive group and the other 537 women were included in the HBsAg-negative group. The pregnancy outcomes of the two groups were compared by t test and Chi-square test. The risk factors for neonatal birth weight were analyzed by multivariate regression analysis. Results Compared with the HBsAg-negative group, the HBsAg-positive women had a higher incidence of abnormal liver function (alanine aminotransferase≥50 U/L) [18.8% (6/32) vs 5.8% (31/537), χ2=6.367, P=0.012]. The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus was 21.9% (7/32) in the HBsAg-positive group, which was higher than in the HBsAg-negative group [11.6% (62/537)], although the difference was not significant (χ2=2.132, P=0.144). The incidences of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy,hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy, premature rupture of membranes, placenta previa, fetal distress, postpartum hemorrhage, preterm birth, caesarean section, umbilical cord around the neck, meconium-staining amniotic fluid and neonatal asphyxia were no statistical difference between two groups (all P<0.05, respectively). Multivariate regression analysis showed that gestational diabetes mellitus (β=67.869, 95%CI: 0.494-135.244, P=0.048), maternal age (β=6.592, 95%CI: 2.020-11.880, P=0.006) and gestational age (β=164.069, 95%CI:154.426-173.712, P<0.01) were risk factors for neonatal birth weight, but not the maternal HBsAg-positive status (β=78.864, 95%CI: -16.950-174.678, P=0.107). Conclusion Twin pregnancy and HBV carrier state increase the risk of abnormal liver function, but not other adverse pregnancy outcomes and newborn diseases.

Objective In view of the trend of networking development in modern high education and the characteristics of students' strong self-learning ability, Peking Union Medical College established a multimedia morphological teaching website from 2013 including human anatomy, neuroanatomy, histology and embryology.Methods According to the teaching demand, the use of the ASP script, combined with Mysql database completed the website development, from the interface design to the curriculum, the syllabus, presentations and laboratory videos uploading.Results Through the questionnaire survey, 45% of the students use website more than 3 times a week, and course content column has the highest use frequency (79%).An independent learning platform effect has been achieved.Conclusions After nearly 4 years exploration and practice, multimedia website has become an important part of morphological courses, as a kind of new teaching mode, not only popular for college teachers and students, but also widely used in clinical teaching.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the feasibility and characteristics of human engraftment in HLA disparate cord blood transplantation.

METHODSTwo human HLA-haploidentical or HLA-mismatched cord blood units were transplanted into sublethally irradiated severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. The characteristics of engraftment, hematopoietic and immunological reconstitution between the two groups were compared.

RESULTSTwo mixed cord blood units can engraft in SCID mice with donor-recipient chimerism and reconstitute hematopoiesis and immunological functions. No unfavorable factors had been observed. Only one of the two cord blood units which had higher colony forming ability in vitro could engraft in most SCID mice as shown by HLA-DQB(1) gene detection. Two HLA-haploidentical cord blood units were simultaneously engrafted in 3 SCID mice.

CONCLUSIONDouble HLA-haploidentical or HLA-mismatched cord blood can engraft in SCID mice and reconstitute hematopoietic and immunological functions. HLA disparity has no significant effect on survival and engrafting rate. However, in less HLA disparity group, two cord blood units were prone to engraft simultaneously.

Animals ; Antigens, CD ; immunology ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; immunology ; metabolism ; Flow Cytometry ; HLA Antigens ; genetics ; immunology ; Hematopoiesis ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Random Allocation ; Severe Combined Immunodeficiency ; immunology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Survival Analysis ; Transplantation, Heterologous