Objective:To study the efficacy of social skill-training on the positive symptoms, negative symptoms and cognitive function of patients with chronic schizophrenia.Method:100 subjects who met with the criteria of Chinese Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Schizophrenia were randomly assigned to the skill-training group (50 patients) and the control group (50 patients). Under the condition of stable antipsychotic medication, the skill-training group received the skill-training course offered by Liberman RP for 12 weeks. BPRS and SANS were used to evaluate every four weeks; WCST and SDSI were evaluated before and after the treatment.Result:(1) 45 patients of skill-training group and 46 patients of control group completed the study. (2) There were significant differences between skill-training group and control group in total score, anxiety depression and lacking active factor of BPRS (P

In order to better fulfill the tasks of research,to turn out more quality papers,to produce outstanding results,and to further strengthen management and supervision of scientific research,the"quantitative economic management of scientific research quotas" was established in the hospital.Applying of the measure in scientific research management in the past eight years it was shown that the desired results were achieved,the academic advancement and the personnel growth were greatly promoted.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of conventional ultrasound(US) and contrast enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) in predicting extrathyroidal extension of papillary thyroid cancer(PTC).Methods Eighty-five PTCs in 75 patients were selected for thyroid surgery underwent ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound.The degrees of contact between PTCs and capsule were observed by US and CEUS respectively(0,0-25％,25％-50％,≥50％),and the diagnostic efficiency in different degree of contact (＞0 ％,≥25 ％,≥50％) as preoperative diagnostic criteria were analyzed.The diagnostic efficiency between US and CEUS in predicting extrathyroidal extension of PTC were compared.Results Of the 85 PTCs,extrathyroidal extension was presented in 57 (67.06％) based on pathologic results.When the degree of contact (＞ 0 ％,＜ 25 ％,25 ％-50 ％,≥ 50 ％) was gradually increased,the incidence of extrathyroidal extension of the thyroid cancer was also gradually risen (P ＜0.001).Comparing the sensitivity,accuracy,odds ratio,and Az value of three groups(＞0％,≥25％,≥50％),it showed that the general diagnostic efficiency between two groups(＞0％,≥25％) was similar by US and CEUS.However,the sensitivity and accuracy of ＞0％ contact with the adjacent capsule were markedly higher than those of the other two groups(P ＜0.001).Selecting ＞0％ contact with the adjacent capsule as preoperative criteria,the Az value of CEUS was markedly higher than that of US (Z =2.208,P =0.027).Conclusions The preoperative imaging feature of more than 0％ contact with the adjacent capsule is more sensitive and accurate degree in predicting extrathyroidal extension of PTC.Compared with US,CEUS may serve as a better useful tool to predict extrathyroidal extension of PTC.

Objective To study the enhanced patterns of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC)on contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS),and explore the relationship between the degree of enhancement and extracapsular invasionand cervical lymph node metastasis of the tumor.Methods Seventy-three PTCs in 61 patients selected for thyroid surgery underwent conventional ultrasound andcontrast-enhanced ultrasound. The enhanced patterns were analyzed.The differences between different degree enhancement and extracapsular invasion and cervical lymph node metastasis of PTCs were compared.Results Seventy-three PTCs enhanced patterns showed that 52(71 .2%)nodules with hypoenhancement,13(1 7.8%)nodules with isoenhancement,8 (1 1 .0%)nodules with hyperenhancement.Twenty-three (44.2%,23/52 )nodules with extracapsular invasion in hypoenhancing patterns,and 1 5 (71 .4%,1 5/21 ) nodules with extracapsular invasion in isoenhancing or hyperenhancing patterns.There were significant differences between them(P <0.05).Twenty-five (48.1 %,25/52 ) nodules with cervical lymph node metastasis in hypoenhancing patterns,and 13 (61 .9%,13/21 ) nodules with cervical lymph node metastasis in isoenhancing or hyperenhancing patterns,there was no significant difference between them(P >0.05 ).Conclusions The degree of enhancement are correlate to invasiveness in PTCs,PTCs with isoenhancement or hyperenhancement patterns were more often with extracapsular invasion.

Objective To explore the feasibility for the tissue dispersion quantitative analysis software of ultrasonic strain elastography in diagnosing benign or malignant of thyroid lesions.Methods Eighty-two patients with 98 lesions were examined by ultrasonic strain elastography.There were 11 parameters of elastography imaging obtained by the tissue dispersion quantitative analysis software,including average relative strain value(MEAN),standard deviation of relative strain value(SD),area ratio of low-strain region (AREA％),complexity(COMP),kurtosis(KURT),skewness (SKEW),contrast (CONT),entropy(ENT),inverse different moment (IDM),angular second moment (ASM),correlation (CORR).The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed if there were statistically significant differences between benign and malignant lesions,and the areas under the ROC curve were got.Results All parameters except CORR had statistically significant between the groups of benign and malignant thyroid lesions (P ＜0.05).The AREA％ and IDM were the best valuable parameters,the areas under the curve(AUC) of which were 0.965 and 0.908,respectively.Their cut-off point were 81.96％ and 0.42,the sensitivity and specificitywere 98.4％ and 89.2％,91.8％ and 86.5％,respectively.Conclusions The tissue dispersion quantitative analysis software is helpful in the evaluation of benign ormalignant of thyroid lesions,parameters of AREA％ and IDM has the highest relationship with pathology and good diagnostic value.

Objective To clarify the clinical significance of visit-to-visit variability in blood pressure (BP) of stage 3-4 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with hypertension.Methods One hundred and fifty-two cases of stage 3-4 CKD patients with hypertension were enrolled in the study.Variability in BP was defined as the standard deviation (SD) in BP.For each patient,SD and mean BP from BP measurements were calculated at all the visits.Correlations between the decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and SD in BP were analyzed by multivariable regression.Results Visit-to-visit variability in BP was significantly associated with renal function decline (P ＜ 0.05),in addition,baseline eGFR,baseline albuminuria and mean SBP during follow-up were significantly associated with renal function decline as well (all P ＜ 0.05).The percentage of CCBs used in low SD of the SBP group was higher than that in high SD of the SBP (76.1％ vs 58.2％,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Visit-to-visit variability in BP is significantly associated with renal function decline.Drugs which can decrease the variability of blood pressure should be the first choice in the treatment of hypertension.

Objective To elucidate the biocompatibility differences of 4 dialyzers with different membranes in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD)patients. Methods A total of 60 MHD patients were enrolled in the prospective,randomized,control,cohort study.In baseline,synthetic polysulfone(PS)membrane dialyzer was used in all the patients for at least 3 months.Then the patients were randomly divided into three groups:ployethersulfone(PES)membrane group,cellulose triacetate (CTA)membrane group,and synthetic polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)membrane group.Study duration was 6 months.No dialyzer was reused.The biocompatibility markers were detected repeatedly at different time points and compared with each other in different dialyzer groups. Results The blood levels of high sensitive C reactive protein,interleukin-1β and interleukin-13 were not significantly different among different groups on every time point.However,the blood complements levels and WBC count were significantly different among four kinds of dialyzer.When the dialyzers changed from PS to PMMA membrane,C3a levels and WBC count changed significantly(P＜0.05).Moreover,the change of C5a level was significantly different between PES group and PMMA group on month 3(P＜0.05). Conclusion There are some differences of biocompatibiliy among different dialyzer membranes.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at identifying the current nutrition knowledge, body-related perspectives, and weight control behaviors of Korean-Chinese college students. METHODS: We conducted a pilot study by employing a healthy weight education program targeting Korean-Chinese nursing school students at the Yanbian University of Science and Technology in Yanbian, China. RESULTS: This pilot study included 40 participants (38 women and 2 men; mean age, 20.5 years). The current weight status of the participants was as follows: 7.9% underweight, 78.9% normal weight, 7.9% overweight, and 5.3% obese. However, nearly two-thirds of the participants were dissatisfied with their current body size (43.6% a little dissatisfied; 20.5% very dissatisfied). Fifty percent of the participants perceived their current body size as being either slightly fat (35.0%) or very fat (15.0%). The following unhealthy weight control methods were commonly used among the 24 participants who practiced weight control: (1) laxatives or diuretics (91.7%), (2) saunas or spas (87.5%), and (3) a one-food diet (79.2%). In addition, the nutrition knowledge of the participants increased by 24 points from 117 points (pretest) to 141 points (posttest) through the healthy weight education program. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate an urgent need to educate Korean-Chinese college students on healthy weight control methods and body-related perspectives.
Body Size ; Body Weight ; China* ; Diet ; Diuretics ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Laxatives ; Male ; Methods* ; Nursing* ; Overweight ; Pilot Projects* ; Schools, Nursing* ; Steam Bath ; Thinness ; Weight Loss ; Weight Perception

OBJECTIVES: This research investigated the barriers, attitudes, and dietary behaviors related to sodium reduction among the elderly Korean–Chinese population in Yanbian, China. METHODS: We conducted this pilot study using both descriptive research and a focus group interview at the elderly community center in Yanbian. RESULTS: In total, 21 elderly Korean–Chinese (average age, 71 years) were examined. The findings showed that the top three barriers to sodium reduction were 1) the difficulties associated with having meals with others, 2) a preference for liquid based-dishes, and 3) the lack of taste in low-sodium dishes. Although the participants strongly believed that a reduced-sodium diet would improve their health, they were poorly aware of the amount of sodium in various foods and dishes. In particular, the focus group interviews with eight participants (mean age, 67 years) revealed that salt-preserved foods (e.g., Korean pickled cabbage called ‘kimchi’ and soybean paste) were frequently consumed as part of their food culture, and that very salty dishes were served at restaurants, both of which lead to a high sodium intake. CONCLUSION: This study provides useful preliminary data to help design a nutrition intervention program for sodium reduction that targets the elderly Korean–Chinese population in China.
Aged* ; Brassica ; China* ; Diet ; Focus Groups ; Humans ; Meals ; Pilot Projects ; Restaurants ; Sodium* ; Soybeans

Objective To evaluate the effect of cardiovascular disease (CVD) on the healthcare costs associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods A total of 96 patients with stage 3-4 CKD treated at CKD clinic of Beijing Friendship Hospital,Capital Medical University were enrolled in the study.Their mean age was (61.6±9.5) years including 65 male and 31 female patients.A retrospective analysis of clinical material and health claims between January 2010 and October 2010 was conducted.Firstly,patients were grouped according to median CKD-associated healthcare cost and clinical characteristics were compared between two groups.Secondly,patients were stratified into three categories based on CVD prevalence (with acute cardiovascular events,with CVD but no acute events,and without CVD),and CKD-associated healthcare costs were assessed among the groups.Finally,the potential factors influencing CKD-associated healthcare costs were evaluated by optimal scaling regression analysis.Results During January to October in 2010,median CKD-associated healthcare costs was 13960.5 yuan (interquartile range 10226.5,19667.2 yuan).In the group with higher healthcare costs,more females,greater urine albumin-creatinine ratio,more emergency observations and/or hospitalizations caused by acute cardiovascular events,higher diabetes mellitus prevalence and calcium-phosphorus products,and lower eGFR and hemoglobin levels were found (P＜0.05,respectively).In contrast,the total prevalence of CVD was not significantly different between the groups (P=0.386).When grouping by CVD prevalence,significant differences of CKD-associated healthcare costs were observed only between patients with acute cardiovascular events and the other two groups (P＜0.01,respectively).The median healthcare cost of the former was approximately twice as higher as that of the other two groups,and the maximal cost was also found in the acute-cardiovascular-event group.For the optimal scaling regression analysis,both emergency observations and/or hospitalizations caused by acute cardiovascular events and diabetes mellitus entered the equation,and standardized coefficients were -0.538 and -0.217 respectively (P＜0.01 and P＜0.05).Conclusions Emergency observations and/or hospitalizations caused by acute cardiovascular events are important factors inducing high CKD-associated healthcare costs in patients with stage 3-4 CKD.Therefore,the prevention of acute cardiovascular events may be favorable to reduce CKD-associated healthcare costs.Larger and longer-time perspective studies are required to confirm it.In addition,diabetes mellitus also influences CKD-associated healthcare costs.