Objective To evaluate HSP90 levels in the diagnosis and staging of gastrointestinal tumors.Method Patients with gastrointestinal tumors hospitalized from 2014 January to 2015 April were enrolled in this study.Serum level of HSP90 was detected.Results The serum HSP90 level of cancer group(112 ± 74)was significantly higher than the control groups,the area under the ROC curve of HSP90's was 0.875 and the cut-off point was 63.63 with sensitivity of 76.1％ and specificity of 92.6％.The HSP90 level in gastric cancer group(135 ±73)ng/ml was the highest,in colon cancer group was (105 ± 60) ng/ml and in rectum cancer group was(79 ± 42)ng/ml (all P ＜ 0.05).Serum HSP90 levels in moderate and low differentiated adenocarcinoma were higher than well differentiated adenocarcinoma group (P ＜ 0.05).Serum HSP90 level was higher in tumors with submucosa and serosa infiltration (P ＜ 0.05).Those with lymphatic metastasis tend to have a higher serum HSP90 level than those without.Conclusion Serum HSP90 level has a good predictive value on gastrointestinal tumor diagnosis,and it is correlated with tumor staging and infiltration status.

The article introduces the experience of Clinical teaching of anesthesiological undergraduate under "3+2" pattern.We have enhanced the teaching effect by making the detailed teaching plan for overall situation,strengthening clinical guidance and teaching of one by one,educing the students subjective initiative and utilizing kinds of methods to raise the students' comprehensive capacity.

Objective To investigate the optimal dose of apocynin to protect severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and SAP caused intestinal injury in rats. Methods A total of 53 SPF male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into five groups:sham operation group (SO group, n=10), SAP group (n=12), low-dose apocynin group (25 mg/kg,n=11), medium-dose apocynin group (50 mg/kg, n=10) and high-dose apocynin group (100 mg/kg,n=10). SAP model was prepared by retrograde infusing 5%sodium taurocholate (1 mL/kg) into biliopancreatic duct of rat. At thirty minutes before modeling, apocynin was injected into rat to intervention. The survival condition was recorded at 12 h after modeling, and blood samples were obtained for detecting serum amylase (AMY), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine (Cr). Pancreatic and ileal tissue samples were obtained for HE staining and pathological examination. Results Two rats died in SAP group and one died in low-dose apocynin group. The quantity of ascites, the levels of AMY, ALT, Cr and pancreatic and intestinal pathologic scores were significantly increased in SAP group than those in SO group (P<0.05). Except the levels of Cr and intestinal pathologic score, there was no significant difference between low-dose apocynin group and SAP group. The quantity of ascites ascites, levels of AMY, Cr and pancreatic and intestinal pathologic scores were significantly lower in medium-dose and high-dose apocynin groups than those in SAP group (P<0.05). The levels of ALT and Cr were significantly higher in high-dose apocynin group than those of medium-dose apocynin group (P<0.05). Conclusion Apocynin improves SAP symptoms and reduces SAP caused intestinal injury in rats, which may be related to the inhibition of NOX activity, and 50 mg/kg of apocynin is the optimal dose.

Background and purpose:The young breast cancer patients were treated with goserelin without individualized regimen, and lack of available clinical marker. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in evaluation of individualized treatment of ovarian function suppression in the young breast cancer patients.Methods:Forty-one young patients with estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) positive breast cancer from May 2012 to Jan. 2014 were randomly divided into 2 groups to undergo radical resection of breast cancer. According to postoperative treatment, one group was treated with goserelin + chemotherapy (n=20), and the other group received chemotherapy alone (n=21). Thirty female patients in the same age group were selected as normal control group. The time of menopause and menstrual recovery after the goserelin + chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone were observed in 2 groups. In early follicular phase (day 3-5) of the cycle preceding the operation and 3, 6 courses after the goserelin + chemotherapy treatment or chemotherapy treatment, serum levels of AMH, FSH and E2 were measured in 2 groups. Accordingly, serum levels of AMH, FSH and E2 were evaluated as well in normal control group.Results:There were no signiifcant differences in preoperative general conditions and preoperative serum FSH and E2 levels among the 3 groups (P>0.05). Compared with normal control group, the preoperative serum AMH levels of young breast cancer patients were decreased signiifcantly (P=0.04). The menopause time and menstrual recovery time in 2 chemotherapy groups were signiifcantly shorter than that in normal control group (P=0.00). Compared with normal control group and preoperative measurement, the differences in serum FSH and E2 levels were not statistically significant in goserelin + chemotherapy group or chemotherapy alone group (P<0.05). The serum AMH levels measured at different time points of the goserelin + chemotherapy group and chemotherapy alone group were decreased signiifcantly (P<0.05). Compared with the chemotherapy group, the serum AMH levels of the goserelin + chemotherapy group after 6 courses were signiifcantly decreased, and then signiifcantly increased 6 months after menstrual recovery (P<0.05).Conclusion:This study demonstrated that the serum AMH levels were obviously decreased after the ovarian function suppression treatment and increased after the menstrual recovery compared with evaluation of other ovarian reserve index. The serum AMH level could suggest ovarian reserve damage even after ovarian function has recovered to the noticeable level. Thus, AMH could be used clinically to evaluate the ovarian reserve of breast cancer patients as a potential marker for the individualized ovarian function suppression treatment in young breast cancer patients.

Objective To observe the pathological changes of pituitary tissue in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis and to explore the mechanism of pituitary tissue injury in rats.Methods 24 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group (N group,n=8),sham operation group (SO group,n=8),and acute necrotizing pancreatitis group (ANP group,n=8).ANP model was established by retrograde injection of 5％ sodium taurocholate into the biliopancretic duct.The serum levels of amylase(AMY) and lipase (LIP) were detected by automatic biochemical.The serum levels of growth hormone (GH),adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH),thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured by radioimmunoassay.The pathological changes of pancreatic tissue and pituitary tissue were observed by the light microscope.The expression of Casepase3,Caspasel2 and CHOP in pituitary tissue were determined by immunohistochemical method.Results Compared to SO group,the serum levels of AMY(8679.16±307.60) U/L and LIP(9376.83±380.92) U/L were significantly higher in ANP group (P＜0.05).The serum levels of ACTH (0.92±0.41) pg/ml,TSH (0.14±0.06) pg/ml,and FSH (2.01±0.38) pg/ml were significantly lower in ANP group(P＜0.05).The expression of Caspse 3 (65.66±7.58),Caspase12(70.66±4.76) and CHOP(143.16±19.05) in pituitary tissue were significantly increased in ANP group (P＜0.05).The pancreatic injury was more severe in ANP group under light microscope (P＜0.05).The degree of hyperemia of pituitary tissue of ANP group was aggravated.Conclusion Pathological changes occur in rat pituitary tissues and endoplasmic reticulum stress injury plays a role in pituitary injury during ANP.

Objective To explore the effects of low centrifugal force on sperm morphology analysis of normal and non-liquefied semen samples.Methods A total of 169 patients who underwent semen routine examination and sperm morphology analysis at the Reproduc-tive Center of the 904th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA from January 2021 to December 2021 were collected as the study subjects.Among them,126 were the patients with normal semen routine parameters,and 43 with non-liquefied semen.The mor-phological analysis results of 126 normal semen samples treated by the direct smear method and centrifugation methods under two differ-ent of low centrifugal force were compared.The results of morphological analysis for the 43 non-liquefied semen samples treated by the direct smear method after promoting liquefaction and centrifugation were compared.Results The percentage of normal morphological sperm[(9.39±0.50)％]obtained by centrifugation of 340xg centrifugal force for 10 min was significantly lower than that[(11.08± 0.41)％]obtained by the direct smear method,and the abnormal rate of sperm in the middle segment[(62.05±1.44)％]obtained by centrifugation of 340xg centrifugal force was significantly higher than that[(57.17±0.82)％]obtained by the direct smear method.The percentage of normal morphological sperm[(9.41±0.57)％]obtained by centrifugation at 151×g centrifugal force was significantly lower than that obtained by the direct smear method,and the abnormal rate of sperm in the middle segment[(60.95±1.17)％]ob-tained by centrifugation at 151×g centrifugal force was significantly higher than that obtained by the direct smear method.For non-lique-fied semen samples,the percentage of normal morphological sperm obtained by centrifugation at 340xg centrifugal force for 10 min was[(9.61±0.60)％],while that obtained by the direct smear method after promoting liquefaction was[(11.10±0.73)％].The difference was not statistically significant between the two methods.The abnormal rate of sperm in the middle segment[(60.21±1.51)％]ob-tained by the centrifugation method was also not significantly different from that[(57.36±1.34)％]obtained by the direct smear meth-od after promoting liquefaction.Conclusion Both kinds of low centrifugal force affected the sperm morphology.However,the low cen-trifugal force has no significant effect on the non-liquefied semen.In the clinical application of sperm morphology analysis,the nature of male semen should be referred to determine whether the centrifugation is need or not and the magnitude of centrifugal force.

Objective:To construct a machine-learning model for predicting the progression of pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) based on clinical and CT features, and to evaluate its predictive performance in internal/external testing cohorts.Methods:Baseline clinical and radiological data of 200 PCLs in 177 patients undergoing abdominal thin slice enhanced CT examination at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from July 2014 to December 2022 were retrospectively collected. PCLs were divided into progressive and non-progressive groups according to whether the signs indicated for surgery by the guidelines of the European study group on PCLs were present during three-year follow-up. 200 PCLs were randomly divided into training (150 PCLs) and internal testing cohorts (50 PCLs) at the ratio of 1∶3. 15 PCLs in 14 patients at Jinling Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University from October 2011 to May 2020 were enrolled as external testing cohort. The clinical and CT radiological features were recorded. Multiple feature selection methods and machine-learning models were implemented and combined to identify the optimal machine-learning model based on the 10-fold cross-validation method. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was drawn and area under curve (AUC) was calculated. The model with the highest AUC was determined as the optimal model. The optimal model's predictive performance was evaluated on testing cohort by calculating AUC, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Permutation importance was used to assess the importance of optimal model features. Calibration curves of the optimal model were established to evaluate the model's clinical applicability by Hosmer-Lemeshow test.Results:In training and internal testing cohorts, the progressive and non-progressive groups were significantly different on history of pancreatitis, lesions size, main pancreatic duct diameter and dilation, thick cyst wall, presence of septation and thick septation (all P value <0.05) In internal testing cohort, the two groups were significantly different on gender, lesion calcification and pancreatic atrophy (all P value <0.05). In external testing cohort, the two groups were significantly different on lesions size and pancreatic duct dilation (both P<0.05). The support vector machine (SVM) model based on five features selected by F test (lesion size, thick cyst wall, history of pancreatitis, main pancreatic duct diameter and dilation) achieved the highest AUC of 0.899 during cross-validation. SVM model for predicting the progression of PCLs demonstrated an AUC of 0.909, sensitivity of 82.4%, specificity of 72.7%, and accuracy of 76.0% in the internal testing cohort, and 0.944, 100%, 77.8%, and 86.7% in the external testing cohort. Calibration curved showed that the predicted probability by the model was comparable to the real progression of PCLs. Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test affirmed the model's consistency with actual PCLs progression in testing cohorts. Conclusions:The SVM model based on clinical and CT features can help doctors predict the PCLs progression within three-year follow-up, thus achieving efficient patient management and rational allocation of medical resource.

Organ transplantation is the most effective treatment for all categories of end-stage organ diseases. To resolve the shortage of donors in organ transplantation, widespread attention has been diverted to xenotransplantation. At present, clinicians mainly highlight the problems related to xenotransplantation rejection and viral infection. The physiology of xenotransplantation has been rarely studied. Kidney performs endocrine function by producing erythropoietin (EPO), renin and activating vitamin D. Although these pathways are usually well preserved in allogeneic transplantation, species-specific differences, especially those between pigs and non-human primates, may still affect the physiological function of transplant organs. In this article, the changes of EPO, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and active vitamin D₃ of pig and human after xenotransplantation were illustrated, aiming to provide reference for subclinical research of xenotransplantation.