Phenolic acids of rhizosphere soil of Panax notoginseng were identified and the contents were determined. HPLC-MS and HPLC were used. Compared with the literature and standard reference, identification and content de-termination were given on phenolic acids of rhizosphere soil of Panax notoginseng in Wenshan, Yunnan province. The results showed that six types of phenolic acids were detected from the extract of rhizosphere soil of Panax notogin-seng, which were p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and benzoic acid. The content of p-coumaric acid showed the highest concentration of 24.01 μg·g-1, while syringic acid had the lowest concentration of 1.26 μg·g-1. The sequence of content in the rhizosphere soil of Panax notoginseng from top to bot-tom was p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, benzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid and syringic acid. It was concluded that the rhizosphere soil of Panax notoginseng contained six types of phenolic acids, which were p-hy-droxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and benzoic acid.

Objective To observe the clinic effect of Aquacel Ag hydrofiber dressing used for wound of abscess scrofula after incision for drainage.Methods A total of 42 cases of abscess scrofula after incision for drainage were randomly divided into two groups.Based on the same systemic treatment,for control group,the traditional method of dressing was used,while for experiment group,Aquacel Ag hydrofiber dressings were used.The healing,cost and time of dressing change of two groups were observed and compared.Results Three months after treatment,the total effective rate of dressing change in experiment group was significantly higher than that in control group (100.0％ vs 71.4％ ;x2=4.861,P ＜ 0.05).The average dressing changed time of nurses in experiment group(9.7 ± 0.5) hours,was less than that in control group (14.8 ± 1.1) hours,while the average economic cost of treatment in experiment group (1 751.67 ± 50.03) yuan,was more expensive than that in control group(621.90 ± 28.35)yuan,and the differences were statistically significant(t =18.97,-90.028,respectively;P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Aquacel Ag hydrofiber dressing used for wound of abscess scrofula after incision for drainage are superior to the common dressings in promoting the wounds healing,reducing the workload of changing dressing,controlling the incision infection and easing the pains.But the economic cost is relatively high.

To achieve better results of the goal of training students' abilities in medical education,formative assessment has been implemented in medical immunology teaching for grade 2014 clinical medicine students.The evaluation indexes of medical immunology teaching have been constructed.Formative assessment has been implemented in classroom teaching,self-learning and group discussion,experimental teaching and network exams by following the principles of feedback,guidance and encouragement.Compared with summative assessment,formative assessment can dynamically reflect the learning progress of immunology and improve the learning effect.The deficiencies andpuzzlesin implementing the formative assessment have also been rethought and discussed deeply.

To discuss the conformational change and the recognition mechanism of hydroxy isoindol ketone derivatives with HIV-1 integrase, fifty-eight hydroxy isoindol ketone derivatives were docked to the integrase using AutoDock program. Molecular dynamics simulation with 16 ns was carried out for the two complex modes, respectively, in which the corresponding small molecules exhibited strong inhibition ability. Main force acting on the association of small molecules with integrase was explored based on the docking complex model. After analyzing the hydrogen-bond and conformational changes, it was found that the hydrogen-bond between N155 and D64 was the key factor maintaining the DDE motif stability. Furthermore, the hydrophobic interactions between the loop region where Y143 located and the hydroxy isoindol ketone derivatives were found to play an important role for their recognition.

Recently, liposomes have been widely used in cancer therapeutics, but their anti-tumor effects are suboptimal due to limited tumor penetration. To solve this problem, researchers have made significant efforts to optimize liposomal diameters and potentials, but little attention has been paid to liposomal membrane rigidity. Herein, we sought to demonstrate the effects of cholesterol-tuned liposomal membrane rigidity on tumor penetration and anti-tumor effects. In this study, liposomes composed of hydrogenated soybean phospholipids (HSPC), 1,2-distearoyl--glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine--[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG) and different concentrations of cholesterol were prepared. It was revealed that liposomal membrane rigidity decreased with the addition of cholesterol. Moderate cholesterol content conferred excellent diffusivity to liposomes in simulated diffusion medium, while excessive cholesterol limited the diffusion process. We concluded that the differences of the diffusion rates likely stemmed from the alterations in liposomal membrane rigidity, with moderate rigidity leading to improved diffusion. Next, the tumor penetration and the anti-tumor effects were analyzed. The results showed that liposomes with moderate rigidity gained excellent tumor penetration and enhanced anti-tumor effects. These findings illustrate a feasible and effective way to improve tumor penetration and therapeutic efficacy of liposomes by changing the cholesterol content, and highlight the importance of liposomal membrane rigidity.