Conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) from a 7.5kVA DC/DC high power converter is investigated to agree with EN class A. Here in some passive methods of suppressing conducted EM Noise, such as mixed-mode (MM) EMI filters, snubbing circuits and other means, are used. Based on measurement, the sources of noise are detected with the characteristics analyzed in detail. The MM EMI filters is valuable means with which low-frequency part and some of the high frequency part of conducted EM Noise can be efficiently reduced. How to lay out the MM filters on both sides of the converter is outlined in detail. In addition, multiple grounding and RDC snubbing circuits are employed to improve the performance in high frequency. The experimental results confirm the methods adopted.

Objective To investigate whether clinical,endocrine,and sonographic characteristics of infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) could predict the ovarian response to clomiphene citrate (CC) medication.Methods A prospective study was conducted,85 women with PCOS were given CC 50 mg per day for 5 days.In the case of an absent response,doses were increased to 100 daily in subsequent cycles.Clinical,endocrine,and sonographic characteristics were compared between responders and nonresponders.Results The cycle history (oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea) and antral follicle count (AFC) were significantly different in responders from those in nonresponders (P ＜ 0.05).There were no differences in age,serum testosterone,follicle stimulating hormone (FSH),luteotropic hormone (LH),body mass index (BMI),insulin resistant index (HOMA-IR),and glucose and insulin levels between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).In addition,multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that cycle history and AFC were the predictors of ovarian response to CC treatment.Conclusions The cycle history and AFC can be used as the simple and effective parameters to predict ovarian response to CC treatment in PCOS patients.

Objective To invesigate the influence of breathing motion on intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) of chest wall after radical mastectomy,and explore clinical value of accurately determined target volume.Methods A total of 17 radical mastectomy patients underwent 3DCT simulation scans sequentially followed by 4DCT simulation scans during free breathing.The targets and normal organs was determined based on CT images respectively.Three sets of radiotherapy plan were designed for each patient:plan 3D,plan 4D and plan 3D-A.The Plan 3D and plan 4D was designed based on 3D and 4D targets respectively.Plan 3D was copied to 4D target with the same isocenter coordinates.The dose distribution was calculated separately to evaluate the dose-volume histograms parameters for PTV,ipsilateral lung and heart,respectively.Two planning parameters was compared with paired t-test or Wilcoxon sign-rank test.Results The average volume of PTV4D was (10.35 ± 4.80) ％ larger than PTV3D (P =0.000).Compared with plan 3D,the V100,V95,V90,D95,D90,Dmin of plan 3D-A were reduced,that were (0.78 -18.0)％ (P=0.000),(0.01-3.90)％ (P=0.000),(0-2.12)％ (P=0.000),(13-222) cGy (P=0.000),(1-118) cGy (P=0.000),(6-1 910) cGy (P=0.000).However,the V20,V10,V5,Dmean of the ipsilateral lung and V30 of heart were same between 3D plan and 4D plan (P =0.288,0.407,0.435,0.758,0.575).Conclusions The respiratory motion may reduce the target dose and its coverage in chest wall treatments,so 4DCT plan could accurately define target volume without increasing the exposure dose of normal tissues.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of preoperative serum human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) and CA125 in patients with high risk of stage Ⅰ endometrial cancer (EC)and to identify the optimal cutoff values. Methods Clinical and pathological data of 231 patients with stage Ⅰ EC were included in this study. Patients were divided into high risk group (n=96) and low risk group (n=135). The preoperative serum levels of HE4 and CA125 were measured, and their correlations with clinical pathological features were analyzed. The ROC curves were generated to determine optimal cutoff values of HE4 and CA125 levels with the maximum Youden index for prediction of high risk EC. Results There were significant differences in serum levels of HE4 and CA125 between patients with different depths of myometrial invasion, with or without vascular invasion, with or without lower uterine segment involvement, with different diameters of tumor and different risk classifications of stage ⅠEC (P<0.05). There were significant differences in serum levels of HE4 between patients with different menopausal status, hypertension, pathological types, histological grading and the involvement of cervical endometrial glands (P<0.05). The preoperative serum levels of HE4 and CA125 were positive correlated (r=0.262, P<0.05). The AUC value of HE4 for diagnosing stageⅠEC was 0.794(95%CI:0.734-0.854),the cutoff value was 74 pmol/L, the sensitivity was 75.0%, specificity was 83.0%, positive predictive value was 75.8%, negative predictive value was 82.4% and the accuracy rate was 79.7%. The AUC value of CA125 for diagnosing stage Ⅰ EC was 0.696 (95%CI: 0.624-0.767), the cutoff value was 17 kU/L, the sensitivity was 56.3%, specificity was 85.9%, positive predictive value was 74.0%, negative predictive value was 73.4%and the accuracy rate was 73.6%, respectively. The AUC value of combination of both markers was 0.847 (95%CI: 0.796-0.899), the corresponding values were 95.8%, 77.0%, 74.8%, 96.3%and 84.8%, respectively. Conclusion The best cutoff values of HE4 and CA125 are 74 pmol/L and 17 kU/L for detecting high risk stageⅠEC. The combined detection is better than that of the single detection in sensitivity, negative predictive value and accuracy rate.

OBJECTIVETo identify potential mutation of the PAX6 gene in a family affected with congenital aniridia from northeastern China.

METHODSTwo patients were collected from the family and underwent full ophthalmologic examinations. Genomic DNA was extracted from all family numbers and 100 healthy controls. The coding regions and flanking sequence of the PAX6 gene were amplified by PCR amplification and subjected to bidirectional DNA sequencing.

RESULTSA nonsense mutation (c.718 C>T) was identified in exon 9 in both patients but not in other unaffected families or the 100 healthy controls. However, obvious difference was noted in the phenotype between the two patients. One of the patient has presented irregular cornea, which was infrequently reported.

CONCLUSIONA c.718C>T transitional mutation has been found to underlie the aniridia, which showed an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern in this northeastern Chinese family.

Aniridia ; genetics ; Eye Proteins ; genetics ; Female ; Homeodomain Proteins ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; PAX6 Transcription Factor ; Paired Box Transcription Factors ; genetics ; Repressor Proteins ; genetics

Lactic acid is the main substance produced by Lactobacillus and plays an important role in maintaining a healthy vaginal microecology. Recent studies indicates that both L- and D-chiral isomers of lactic acid can be protonated and destroy the cell membranes of pathogens, thereby inhibiting bacterial vagi-nosis- and aerobic vaginitis-related pathogens. Lactic acid also can inhibit the pathogens of sexually transmit-ted diseases such as Chlamydia trachomatis and human immunodeficiency virus. Moreover, lactic acid acts as an immunomodulator to inhibit the inflammatory responses caused by pathogenic microorganisms and as an epigenetic regulator regulating gene expression in vaginal epithelial cells. In this paper, we reviewed the pro-gress in lactic acid-mediated maintenance of a healthy vaginal microbiology in recent years for providing ref-erence for further research.

Group B Streptococcus ( GBS) is a leading infectious cause of adverse pregnancy out-comes such as preterm birth. GBS colonizes the vagina during pregnancy and can ascend into the uterus and then infect the fetus. It encodes a series of virulence factors such as adhesion and invasion factors, hemolytic pigments and hyaluronidase, which are important to vaginal colonization and immune evasion. Immune re-sponses to GBS cause the release of a multiple of inflammatory mediators, leading to the premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth and fetal injury. This paper reviews the pathogenesis of GBS vaginal colonization and ascending infection causing adverse pregnancy outcomes.

BACKGROUND:Graphene is the thinnest,strongest,and toughest type of two-dimensional new crystal material,demonstrating significant advantages in biomedical applications.Angiogenesis and vascularization of bone are key factors in tissue repair and regeneration,and are effective ways to address vascular and osteogenic issues. OBJECTIVE:To review the characteristics and mechanisms of graphene and its derivatives in promoting angiogenesis activity and vascularizing bone,in order to provide a reference for their clinical application in vascular tissue repair and regeneration. METHODS:Using a computer to search for relevant literature included in PubMed,ScienceDirect,CNKI,and Wanfang databases,the Chinese search terms were"grapheme","angiogenesis,vascularization","vascularized bone",and"endothelial cells",while the English search terms were"graphene""angiogenesis OR vascularization""vascularized bone""endothelial cells".After excluding literature unrelated to the topic of the article,according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,62 articles were ultimately included for result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)At present,graphene oxide has been studied more and is the most widely used in graphene and its derivatives.(2)Graphene and its derivatives are suitable for heart,bone,nerve,and wound healing related diseases.(3)Graphene and its derivatives have excellent physical and chemical properties and biological properties,but they have potential cytotoxicity.We should pay attention to its biological safety in application.(4)The application of graphene and its derivatives requires further research to demonstrate the optimal size and concentration and measures to reduce toxicity.(5)On the cellular level,graphene and its derivatives can promote angiogenic activity by tip endothelial cell phenotype,mesenchymal stem cell adhesion and proliferation, and vascular smooth muscle cell growth.(6)On the molecular level,graphene and its derivatives can increase the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor,basic fibroblast growth factor,hepatocyte growth factor and activate reactive oxygen species/nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide signaling pathway,lysophosphatilate R6/Hippo-YAP pathway,stromal cell-derived factor-1/vascular endothelial growth factor and ZEB 1/Notch1 pathway.(7)Grapheme oxide and graphene oxide-copper phosphorylated extracellular regulatory protein kinase and activated hypoxia-inducible factor-1,thereby promoting the up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and bone morphogenetic protein-2 expression,and promoting angiogenesis and vascularized bone.(8)In summary,graphene and its derivatives,especially graphene oxide,have great application prospects in the repair and regeneration of vascularized tissues due to their excellent biological properties,good angiogenesis and vascularized bone ability.

Radiation-induced brain necrosis (RIBN) is a serious late and irreversible complication after radiation therapy for primary or secondary brain tumors as well as head and neck tumors, and there is no effective treatment. In recent years, bevacizumab has been increasingly applied in the treatment of RIBN, which has been proven to yield certain efficacy and improve patient survival. However, the optimal treatment timing and regimen have been controversial and lack of basic consensus. In this article, research progress on these issues was briefly reviewed.

Objective To explore the color preference in hospitalized patients with mental disorders and healthy adults. Methods Abstract color preference test was conducted in 1951 clinic patients with mental disor-ders and 1005 healthy adults by use of dual comparison method. Results The order of color preference for pa-tients with mental disorders was blue(4.72),green(4.67),red(4.52),yellow(4.46),orange(4.38),purple (3.92),gray (3.56),white (3.43) and black (2.96). There were significant differences between patients with mental disorders and healthy adults in preference to purple(Z = 2.934,P = 0.003),black(Z = 3.730,P =0.000),orange(Z =-2.113,P = 0.035),yellow(Z =-2.093,P = 0.036),white(Z =-2.499,P = 0.012) and gray(Z=-3.204,P=0.001). The preference to black(χ2=22.409,P<0.001)and gray(χ2=134.086, P < 0.001) differed significantly among schizophrenia , mood disorders and neurosis. Schizophrenia patients mostly preferred blue,mood disorders patients mostly preferred red,and neurotic patients mostly preferred green. Conclusions The color preference in hospitalized patients with mental disorders is different from that in normal adults. There are differences in color preference among patients with different types of mental disorders.