Natural cyclopeptides are hot spots in chemical and pharmaceutical fields because of the wide spreading bio-resources, complex molecular structures and various bioactivities. Bio-producers of cyclopeptides distribute over almost every kingdom from bacteria to plants and animals. Many cyclopeptides contain non-coded amino acids and non-pepditic bonds. Most exciting characteristic of cyclopeptides is a range of interesting bioactivities such as antibiotics gramicidin-S (2), vancomycin (3) and daptomycin (4), immunosuppressive cyclosporin-A (1) and astin-C (8), and anti-tumor aplidine (5), RA-V (6) and RA-VII (7). Compounds 1-4 are being used in clinics; compounds 5-8 are in the stages of clinical trial or as a candidate for drug research. In this review, the progress in chemical and bioactive studies on these important natural bioactive cyclopeptides 1-8 are introduced, mainly including discovery, bioactivity, mechanism, QSAR and synthesis.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of isoflurane preconditioning on the plasma concentration of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and myocardial ultramicrostructure in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement. METHODS: Thirty patients undergoing elective cardiac valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were randomly assigned to a control group (ný15) and an isoflurane group (ný15). In the isoflurane group, isoflurane of 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration end-tidal( 1.1% approximately 1.2%) was administered for 30 min followed by a 15 min washout period before the CPB. The control group did not inhale isofurane, and there was no difference in the other drugs in the 2 groups. Blood samples for MMP-9 were obtained before incision(T(0)) and at 30 min (T(1)),6 h (T(2)),12 h (T(3)), and 24 h (T(4)) after the reperfusion. Right atrial biopsies were collected before and after the CPB to observe the myocardial ultramicrostructure. RESULTS: Compared with T(0), the mean MMP-9 level significantly increased at T(1), T(2) and T(3) in the control group(P<0.01), while the MMP-9 level only at T(1) significantly increased in the isoflurane group (P<0.01). The mean MMP-9 level was significantly reduced in the isoflurane group at T(2) compared with each time point in the control group. The difference in MMP-9 levels between T(1), T(2), T(3) and T(0) was significantly lower in the isoflurane group than that in the control group (P<0.01). The ultramicrostructure injury of myocardium under electron microscope in the control group was worse than that in the isoflurane group. CONCLUSION The plasma concentration of MMP-9 is inhibited by isoflurane preconditioning in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement after CPB, which might be part of its protective mechanism against myocardium injury after CPB.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Cardiotonic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; methods ; Humans ; Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial ; methods ; Isoflurane ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; blood ; Middle Aged ; Myocardium ; ultrastructure ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the safety of the elderly donors in living related donor kidney transplantation. Methods Forty-five elderly donors (51 - 78 years,study group) who underwent ne-phrectomy for living related donor kidney transplantation from April 1993 to December 2007 were retrospectively investigated. Clinical data including serum creatinine (SCr), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in pre-and post-operation, operation complications and hospital stay time were analyzed and compared with the control group(62 cases, the donors age were younger than 50 years). Results The operations of all living donors were successful. The SCr and GFR in pre-operation were (82.16 ± 10.86)μmol/L, (85. 82±6.26)ml/min(study group)and (78. 66±10. 41)μmol/L, (88. 74±9. 44) ml/min (control group) respectively. There were no significant differences in SCr and GFR between the groups at different time points (P>0. 05). The average hospitalization time was 9 days in study group and 8 days in control group. There were no severe perioperative complications and no renal function failure was found in long-term following-up in study group. Conclusions Age is not the absolute contraindication of donor for living related donor kidney transplantation. The preoperative evaluation and careful operation can ensure the safety of elderly donors.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of executive function of preschool children with high functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFA) and with global developmental delay (GDD), and the differences among HFA, GDD and typically developmental (TD) children.Methods:From January 2020 to January 2021, 20 male HFA, 20 male GDD and 20 male TD children aged 4-6 years who visited the Psychological Behavior Clinic of the Child Health Department of Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital and the Developmental Behavior Clinic of the Children Health Department of the Ninth People's Hospital in Chongqing were selected for comparative study.The executive function of HFA, GDD and TD children was assessed with the behavior rating scale of executive function-preschool version(BRIEF-P) and the executive function task program (EF-TOUCH). SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis, including variance test, independent sample t-test, χ2 test, Kruskal Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results:In the EF-TOUCH program task, the accuracy of the three groups of children's performance in the pig task (Pig), the silly sounds game (SSG), the working memory task (pick the picture, PTP) and the task of cognitive flexibility (something's the same, STS) were statistically different(Pig: HFA group: 0.87(0.76, 0.99), GDD group: 0.97(0.85, 0.99), TD group: 1.00(0.98, 1.00), χ2=15.646, P<0.001; SSG: HFA group: 0.76(0.53, 0.91), GDD group: 0.76(0.65, 0.99), TD group: 0.94(0.76, 1.00), χ2=6.448, P=0.040; PTP: HFA group: 0.66±0.18, GDD group: 0.66±0.19, TD group: 0.78±0.11; F=3.221, P=0.048; STS: HFA group: 0.67(0.63, 0.70), GDD group: 0.72(0.46, 0.78), TD group: 0.87(0.83, 0.90), χ2=26.898, P<0.001). The accuracies of Pig, SSG, PTP and STS in HFA group were significantly lower than those in TD group(all P<0.05), and the accuracies of Pig and STS in GDD group were significantly lower than those in TD group(both P<0.05). In inhibition control, there were statistically differences in response time of Pig and SSG among the three groups (Pig: HFA group: (1 694.36±222.83)ms, GDD group: (1 513.46±244.91)ms, TD group: (1 444.84±197.95)ms, F=5.810, P=0.005; SSG: HFA group: (2 202.42±195.58)ms, GDD group: (2 116.52±323.27)ms, TD group: (1 937.17±252.74)ms, Z=4.610, P=0.014). There were no significant differences in the reaction time of Arrows task ( P>0.05). There were significant differences in BRIEF-P inhibition control, organizational planning, inhibition self-regulation, cognitive flexibility and total scores among the three groups ( P<0.05), while there were no significant differences in the scores of other factors and dimensions ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The executive function of pre-school children with high functioning autism spectrum disorder and children with global developmental delay is impaired.The executive function of children with high functioning autism spectrum disorder and children with global developmental delay is significantly different from that of typically developmental children of the same age.Moreover, the executive function of children with HFA is more severely damaged from all components than that of children with GDD.

Objective To explore the color preference in hospitalized patients with mental disorders and healthy adults. Methods Abstract color preference test was conducted in 1951 clinic patients with mental disor-ders and 1005 healthy adults by use of dual comparison method. Results The order of color preference for pa-tients with mental disorders was blue(4.72),green(4.67),red(4.52),yellow(4.46),orange(4.38),purple (3.92),gray (3.56),white (3.43) and black (2.96). There were significant differences between patients with mental disorders and healthy adults in preference to purple(Z = 2.934,P = 0.003),black(Z = 3.730,P =0.000),orange(Z =-2.113,P = 0.035),yellow(Z =-2.093,P = 0.036),white(Z =-2.499,P = 0.012) and gray(Z=-3.204,P=0.001). The preference to black(χ2=22.409,P<0.001)and gray(χ2=134.086, P < 0.001) differed significantly among schizophrenia , mood disorders and neurosis. Schizophrenia patients mostly preferred blue,mood disorders patients mostly preferred red,and neurotic patients mostly preferred green. Conclusions The color preference in hospitalized patients with mental disorders is different from that in normal adults. There are differences in color preference among patients with different types of mental disorders.

Anaphylactic shock is a serious and rare adverse reaction， which can be life-threatening if not treated in time. COVID-19 vaccine is a newly marketed vaccine， and people pay high attention to its adverse reactions. This report summarized the investigation and management process of a case of anaphylactic shock after inoculation with COVID-19 vaccine， in order to provide reference for standardizing the diagnosis and management of anaphylactic shock after vaccination.