Objective To investigate the effects of emulsified isoflurane preconditioning on lung ischemia-reperfusion (Ⅰ/R) injury in rats.Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-320 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),group Ⅰ/R,intralipid group (group IL),and emulsified isoflurane preconditioning group (group EI).Lung Ⅰ/R was produced by clamping the left hilum of lungs for 1 h followed by 2 h of reperfusion in anesthetized rats.In group S,intraperitoneal normal saline 10.5 ml/kg was injected,but the hilum was only exposed 24 h later.In groups Ⅰ/R,IL and EI,intraperitoneal normal saline 10.5 ml/kg,30％ intralipid 10.5 ml/kg and 8％ emulsified isoflurane 10.5 ml/kg were injected intraperitoneally,respectively,and then the model was established 24 h later.At the end of reperfusion,blood samples were collected from the left ventricle for measurement of PaO2,PaCO2,plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration (by ELISA).The rats were then sacrificed,and left lungs were removed immediately for microscopic examination and for determination of myleoperoxidase (MPO) activity (using colorimetric method) in pulmonary specimens.Wet/dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio) was calculated.Results Compared with group S,W/D ratio,MPO activity,plasma MDA concentration and PaCO2 were significantly increased,and PaO2 was decreased in the other three groups.Compared with group Ⅰ/R,W/D ratio,MPO activity,plasma MDA concentration and PaCO2 were significantly decreased,and PaO2 was increased in IL and EI groups.W/D ratio,MPO activity,plasma MDA concentration and PaCO2 were significantly lower,and PaO2 was higher in group EI than in group IL.The pathological changes of the lung were significantly attenuated in group EI compared with group Ⅰ/R.Conclusion Emulsified isoflurane preconditioning can reduce lung Ⅰ/R injury in rats,and inhibition of pulmonary inflammatory responses and of production of oxygen free radicals are involved in the mechanism.

Objective To observe the onset of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) senescence induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) and the intervention effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Methods The VSMCs were divided into four groups: blank control group, t-BHP group (incubated with 80 μmol/L t-BHP for 72 h), 10 nmol/L DHEA intervention group (pretreated with 10 nmol/L DHEA 30 min before t-BHP) and 100 nmol/L DHEA intervention group (pretreated with 100nmol/L DHEA 30 min before t-BHP). Two ageing markers of ageing associated β-galactosidase activity and cell proliferation activity were adopted as main indexes. β-galactosidase activity was measured with immunocytochemical method and cell proliferation activity was measured with flowcytometry. Results After continuous treatment with 80 mmol/L t-BHP for 72 h, the ratios of G0/G1 phase cells and SA-β-galactosidase staining positive cells increased as compared with blank controlgroup [(89.4±3.4)% vs. (49.5±5.5)%, (3.5±1.2)% vs. (75.3±4.3)%], which indicated that VSMCs senescence were successfully induced by t-BHP. While the above changes were smaller in 100 nmol/L DHEA intervention group than in t-BHP group. Conclusions With ageing,accumulation of damage produced by reactive oxygen species may be an important mechanism causing the onset of VSMCs senescence. DHEA may be able to retard the progression of VSMCs senescence through antioxidant effect.

Objective To summarize the computed tomography (CT) features of small intestinal obstruction caused by primary abdominal cocoon and investigate the essentials of diagnosis and differential diagnosis.Methods The retrospective descriptive study was adopted.The clinical data of 1 patient with small intestinal obstruction caused by primary abdominal cocoon who was admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University on October 6,2014 were collected.The patient underwent abdominal CT on admission and at 10 hours after admission.The patient received emergency exploratory laparotomy after preoperative preparation,and then postoperative regular symptomatic treatment and pathological examination.Results of abdominal CT were observed,including imaging features of abdominal masses,extent of small intestinal obstruction,situation of intestinal tube within the masses,vessel distribution in the mesentery and fibrous capsules around the mesentery.Situation of operation,routine blood test,biochemical indicator,blood coagulation indexes,postoperative recovery,complications,results of pathological examination and situation of patient during follow-up were recorded.The follow-up by telephone interview and outpatient examination was applied to the patient till October 31,2015,including detecting the dietary,with or without symptoms of abdominal pain and distension,haematemesis and hematochezia,routine blood retest,liver function,renal function and CT.Results Results of abdominal CT on admission:(1) coronal plain scan of abdominal CT showed that there were signs of incomplete intestinal obstruction,and local small intestinal dilatation and gas accumulation in left abdominal region without specific sign.(2) Plain scan of abdominal CT showed that there were the coated sign with thickened fibrous capsules around the intestinal tube, banana shape ' with agglomerate and expanding-distortion intestinal tube and aggregative,stretching and twisting mesentery with abnormal vessel distribution.(3) Sagittal reconstruction images of abdominal CT showed that a huge mass consisted of fibrous capsules as cocoon and agglomerate and expanding-distortion intestinal tube was petal-like and fixed on posterior abdominal wall.(4) Coronal reconstruction images of abdominal CT showed that agglomerate and expanding-distortion intestinal tube was annularly surrounded by uneven thickness fibrous capsules with abnormal vessel distribution in the mesentery.Results of abdominal CT at 10 hours after admission:(1) coronal plain scan of abdominal CT showed that small intestinal obstruction was obviously exacerbated and expanding intestinal tubes were increased and aggravated.(2) Plain scan of abdominal CT showed that a typical sign of small intestinal obstruction was exacerbated and there were multiple air-fluid levels in the agglomerate and expanding-distortion intestinal tube with fluid and gas accumulation.Patient underwent successful enterodialysis + resection of fibrous capsules.During operation,a huge mass in the intestine from suspensory ligament of duodenum to ileocecum was fixed on posterior abdominal wall and surrounded by dense,smooth and white fibrous capsules,partial colon was also surrounded by fibrous capsules and greater omentum was missing.Patient received the postoperative supporting treatments of fasting,anti-infection and inhibition of acid.Number of white blood cells,absolute value and percentage of neutrophils,levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were 17.10 × 109/L,15.70 × 109/L,91.5％,127.49 mg/L and 1.370 μg/L by blood routine retest at postoperative day 1,respectively.Patient had normal liver,renal and coagulation functions.Fluid diet intake at postoperative week 1 was gradually replaced by normal diet intake.Patient had normal liver and renal functions by blood routine retest at postoperative day 10 and a good recovery without intestinal fistula,abdominal and pulmonary infections and other complications.Postoperative pathological examination showed that gross specimen was mainly composed of cocoon-shaped,grayish white and tough fibrous capsules.Fibrous capsules were consisted of proliferative fibrofatty tissues by microscope observation,with small vascular hyperplasia and large numbers of the inflammatory cell infiltration.Patient was diagnosed with small intestinal obstruction caused by primary abdominal cocoon after operation,and followed up for 1 year with normal diet intake and without abdominal pain and distension,nausea and vomiting,melena and discomfort.There was normal blood routine retest,liver and renal functions and distribution of the intestine in abdomen by CT examination.No dilatation of the intestinal tube was found and strip-like high density shadow in ileocecum was detected and considered as remnant fibrous capsules.Conclusion Imaging features of small intestinal obstruction caused by primary abdominal cocoon include agglomerate and expanding-distortion intestinal tube fixed on abdomen,partial intestinal tubes dilatation,intestinal fluid accumulation and air-fluid level,aggregative,stretching and twisting mesentery with abnormal vessel distribution,thickened fibrous capsules around intestinal loops and among intestinal tubes.

Objective To explore the effect of macrolide antibiotics(erythromycin) on tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α and interleukin(IL)-8 in hyperoxia-induced lung tissue of premature newborn rats,and to study the intervention effect of erythromycin on hyperoxia-induced lung injury.Methods One-day old preterm Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups by random number table method:air + sodium chloride group,air + erythromycin group,hyperoxia + sodium chloride group,hyperoxia + erythromycin group.Hyperoxia groups were continuously exposed to oxygen (oxygen ＞ 0.85) and air group in room air.After 1,7,14 days of exposure,the preterm rats of four groups were sacrificed,whole lung of these rats were isolated,the lung histological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining,TNF-α and IL-8 in pulmonary tissue homogenate were detected by ELISA.Results The results showed that:(1) Compared with air + sodium chloride group,TNF-α and IL-8 expression in hyperoxia + sodium chloride group were significantly increased(P ＜ 0.05) after 1,7 days of exposure [1 d:TNF-α:(16.163 ± 0.574) ng/ml vs.(21.923 ±2.066) ng/ml,IL-8:(18.214 ±3.649) ng/ml vs.(23.546 ± 5.240) ng/ml ;7 d:TNF-α:(15.940 ±0.821) ng/ml vs.(19.688 ±0.764) ng/ml,IL-8:(18.541 ± 4.114) ng/ml vs.(24.255 ±4.692) ng/ml],in particular,TNF-α expression appeared to increase earlier,their expression became significantly weak in 14 days (P ＜ 0.05).(2) Compared with hyperoxia + sodium chloride group,TNF-α and IL-8 expression in hyperoxia +erythromycin group became significantly weak after 1,7,14 days of exposure(P ＜0.05) after the intervention of erythromycin [1 d:TNF-α:(21.923 ± 2.066) ng/ml vs.(18.903 ± 1.851) ng/ml,7 d:IL-8:(24.255 ±4.692) ng/ml vs.(23.508 ±3.543) ng/ml,14 d:TNF-α:(16.443 ±5.466) ng/ml vs.(14.453 ±0.963)ng/ml],but their expression became weaker in 14 days than that in 1,7 days.Conclusion The release of inflammatory mediators TNF-α and IL-8 induced by oxidation outbreak participates in the development of hyperoxia induced lung injury,erythromycin may regulate immune function,inhibits the levels of oxidant-mediated TNF-α and IL-8 induced by oxidation outbreak,and alleviate hyperoxia lung injury in premature rats.

Objective To investigate the effects ofWenyujinessential oil on tau protein phosphorylation in mice with Alzheimer Disease (AD); To discuss the relevant mechanism of action.MethodsSixty Kunming mice were divided into six groups randomly: sham-operation group, model group,Wenyujin essential oil low- and high-dose group, donepezil group andShenzhiling group.β-Amyloid protein (Aβ25-35) was infused into the hippocampal of mice. Mice in each group were given relevant medicine for gavage for 15 d. After the last administration, immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of tau protein phosphorylation points (Ser 404 and Thr 231). Western blot was used to detect tau protein phosphorylation points and the expression of PI3K/Akt protein. Results Compared with sham-operation group, tau protein phosphorylation points in the model group increased (P<0.05), but the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and Akt decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, tau protein phosphorylation (Thr231 and Ser404) inWenyujin essential oil high-dose group decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and Akt increased(P<0.01). ConclusionWenyujinessential oil can inhibit tau protein phosphorylation in mice. The possible mechanism may be related to the PI3K/Akt signal pathway.

At present, the numerical model of bone remodeling is inadequate to copy the physiological process of bone remodeling. According to the physiological mechanism of bone remodeling and the anisotropy of bone mechanics properties, an anisotropic bone modeling model with mechanostat was developed, and then was applied to a study on the remodeling evolution of 2D squareplate model. Good results were obtained. The model can be used in the study of implant, osteoporosis and other bone diseases.
Anisotropy ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Remodeling ; physiology ; Bone and Bones ; physiology ; Models, Biological ; Osteoporosis ; physiopathology

Traditional Chinese medicine treatment is the key to restore the balance of Yin and Yang through gasification. So it is important to discuss the mode of gasificaiton of Qi and Chinese medicine and their relationship in the machanism of the Chinese medicine for diseases. Life is a mode of Qi and Qi movement and gasificaiton make people alive. The Chinese medicine works on the Qi gasification to balance the Yin and Yang to keep the peace inner and outsides.

Lactic acid is the main substance produced by Lactobacillus and plays an important role in maintaining a healthy vaginal microecology. Recent studies indicates that both L- and D-chiral isomers of lactic acid can be protonated and destroy the cell membranes of pathogens, thereby inhibiting bacterial vagi-nosis- and aerobic vaginitis-related pathogens. Lactic acid also can inhibit the pathogens of sexually transmit-ted diseases such as Chlamydia trachomatis and human immunodeficiency virus. Moreover, lactic acid acts as an immunomodulator to inhibit the inflammatory responses caused by pathogenic microorganisms and as an epigenetic regulator regulating gene expression in vaginal epithelial cells. In this paper, we reviewed the pro-gress in lactic acid-mediated maintenance of a healthy vaginal microbiology in recent years for providing ref-erence for further research.

Objective:To explore the possible pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of Shaogan Fuzi Decoction in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS/MS) combined with network pharmacology and molecular docking method.Methods:The blood components of Shaogan Fuzi Decoction were analyzed by UPLC-HRMS/MS; the targets of blood components in Shaogan Fuzi Decoction were predicted by PubChem database and Swiss Target Prediction database; DrugBank database, Therapeutic Target Database (TTD) and GeneCards database were used to screen rheumatoid arthritis-related targets, and Venn map of common targets was obtained; the protein interaction network was constructed by STRING database, and the key targets and key components were screened; GO function enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed by DAVID 6.8 database; the "blood component-target-pathway" network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.2.1 software; Autodock software was used to verify the molecular docking between the predicted key components and key targets in the network.Results:Totally 26 blood components of Shaogan Fuzi Decoction, 526 related targets, 478 related targets of rheumatoid arthritis, and 111 common targets were obtained; the key components such as tangeretin, kaempferol, glycyrrhetinic acid, liquiritigenin, quillaic acid and glabrolide were screened, which acted on key targets such as TNF, IL6, VEGFA, PTGS2, JUN and PPARG. They were mainly involved inflammatory response, steroid metabolic process, response to lipopolysaccharide, extracellular region, cytoplasm, RNA polymerase Ⅱ transcription factor activity, steroid bindingand other biological processes. It mainly regulated steroid hormone biosynthesis, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, apoptosis, IL-17 signaling pathway, rheumatoid arthritisand other signaling pathways. Molecular docking results showed that the key components had good binding activity with key targets.Conclusion:Shaogan Fuzi Decoction may act on TNF, IL6, VEGFA, PTGS2, JUN, PPARG and other targets through tangeretin, kaempferol, glycyrrhetinic acid and other blood components to regulate PI3K-Akt and other signaling pathways, inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis, reducing inflammation, to treat rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the feasibility of endoscopic gastrostomy combined with magnetic compression techniques in dogs.

METHODSThe magnetic compression device consisted of a couple of cylindrical magnets with a hole in the center. A 14-French gastric tube was inserted through the hole and fixed on the parent magnets. Four male mongrel dogs were selected randomly for the operation. The daughter magnet was placed into the dog's gastric body by a Zebra Guidewire under endoscopy, then a skin incision was performed on the left upper abdomen, through which the subcutaneous tissues and muscle were isolated up to the peritoneum. The parent magnet was placed on the surface of the peritoneum, which attracted the daughter magnet inside the gastric cavity automatically to compress the gastric wall and peritoneum. A needle was inserted through the gastric tube and punctured the tissue in the hole of the magnets repeatedly to form a fistula. After removing the needle, the gastrostomy was complete. The fistula was observed and its specimen was taken two weeks later under laparotomy.

RESULTSAll the four operations were successfully performed, and the operation time was 11-15 minutes. The stoma was matured immediately, through which early enteral nutrition support was administered. The gastric wall and peritoneum were observed with well healing and no adhesion in the abdominal cavity under laparotomy two weeks after the operation.

CONCLUSIONThe gastrostomy performed by magnetic compression technique combined with endoscopy is convenient, minimally invasive and safe, which may be used in future clinical practice.

Abdomen ; Animals ; Catheterization ; Dogs ; Enteral Nutrition ; Gastroscopy ; Gastrostomy ; Laparotomy ; Magnetics ; Male ; Santonin ; analogs & derivatives ; Stomach ; Surgical Stomas ; Wound Healing