Objective To investigate the expression of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) in the kidney of diabetic rats and the effect of probucol.Methods The rats were being intraperitoneal injected with STZ (60 mg/kg) to establish diabetic models.Then diabetic rats were randomly divided into diabetic group (group D,n =24),probucol treated group (group P,n =24).Normal rats were taken as control group (group C,n =24).Rats in group P were treated by probucol (110 mg·kg-1·d-1); rats in group D and group C were given equal volume water instead.Scr,BUN,triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC) and 24-hour urinary proteinin were measured at the 4th,8th and 12th week.PAS staining and HE staining were used to evaluate the pathological changes of the kidney.The immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of 4-HNE in renal tissue.Results Levels of Scr,BUN,TG,TC and 24-hour urinary protein in group D were higher than those in group C at the 4th,8th and 12th week(all P ＜ 0.05); Levels of Scr,BUN,TG,TC and 24-huor urinary protein in group P were lower than those in group D at 4th,8th and 12th week (all P ＜ 0.05).The pathological changes of the kidney in group D were more serious than that in group P.The expression of 4-HNE in group D were higher than group C at the 4th,8th and 12th week (all P ＜ 0.05);The expression of 4-HNE in the kidneys of group P decreased significantly compared to that of group D at the same time (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions As an indicator of lipid peroxidation,the expression of 4-HNE significantly increases in the kidney of diabetic rat.Probucol may protect the diabetic kidney through decreasing the expression of 4-HNE and the level of lipid peroxidation.

Objective To assess the usefulness of contrast echocardiography in differential diagnosing space-occupying lesions of the heart.Methods Contrast echocardiography was assessed for 38 patients of space-occupying lesion of the heart (SOLH).Contrast enhancement of SOLH was assessed visually,comparing with that in the adjacent myocardium:significant contrast enhancement,intensity higher than or equal to the adjacent myocardium; mild or partial contrast enhancement,intensity lower than the adjacent myocardium,or no contrast enhancement.Respectively,malignant tumors,benign tumors,and thrombus were diagnosed.Twenty-eight patients among the 38 cases had gold standard diagnosis.The consistency between visual assessment diagnosis and gold standards were compared with Kappa statistic.Results Visual semi-quantitative diagnosis of contrast echocardiography:thrombus,benign tumors and malignant tumors were diagnosed for 8,8 and 12 cases,separately.Except two highly vascular benign tumors (1rhabdomyoma and 1 paraganglioma) were misdiagnosed as malignant tumors,the rest 26 cases matched gold standard diagnosis.Quantitative analysis of contrast echocardiography,16 cases were suitable for quantitative an alysis,10 cases were diagnosed as benign tumors or thrombus (quantitative analysis could not differentiate the two),the rest 6 cases were diagnosed as malignant tumors.Quantitative analysis got the same 2 misdiagnosis as visual semi-quantitative diagnosis.Kappa value on visual semi-quantitative diagnosis of contrast echocardiography comparing with gold standard diagnosis was 0.892.Conclusions The characteristics of vascularity of SOLH can be accurately determined by the contrast enhancement level in diseased region through visual semi-quantitative analysis with contrast echocardiography.Contrast echocardiography can be mainly used in SOLH except thrombus that has been clearly diagnosed,especially for patients with on going or fore-past malignancy in other organs.

Objective To investigate the recent effect and safety of magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) for treating uterine fibroids with a Meta analysis. Methods Such databases as Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMbase, CBM,CNKI,CQVIP and Wanfang were searched from their establishment. After thestudy selected, assessment and data extraction conducted by two reviewers independently, Meta-analysis were performed by using the Comprehensive Meta-analysis V2 software. The volume of non-perfusion ratio (NPVR), fibroid shrinkage, clinical symptom severity (SSS score) and adverse reactions were analyzed.Results Nighteen retrieved articles were included, with a total of 1 549 patients. The results of Meta-analysis showed that:(1)nonperfused volume ratio (NPVR),Mean=57.1%(95%CI 45.0% —69.2%).(2)Percentage of FBs shrinkage:mean=31.4% (95% CI 29.2% —33.6%).(3)Symptom severity score (SSS):baseline mean=51.00(95%CI 41.61—60.40),3 months mean=32.50 (95%CI 25.90—39.10),6 months mean=28.62(95%CI(23.57—33.66),12 months mean=24.46(95%CI 15.44—33.49), the average of the severity score of the patient symptoms had a tendency to reduce.(4)The degree of adverse reactions were mild and could relieve itself, there was fewer serious adverse reactions. Conclusions The current evidence indicates that MRgFUS in treatment of uterine fibroidsis reliable and safe. MRgFUS can significantly reduce the volume and the symptom severity score ofthe patients.

Objective To investigate the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78)and cysteine aspartic acid protease 12(Caspase-12) and evaluate the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in rats with contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN),and observe the protective effects of hydroxytyrosol on CIN rats.Methods Eighty-four Wistar rats,(220±20) g,were randomly divided into control group,CIN group,hydroxytyrosol treated group (group C+H).At 12th,24th,48th,72th day after the rats model were established,BUN and Scr were detected.ELISA were used to detect the expression of methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA),superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px).HE staining were used to evaluate the pathological change of kidney.TUNEL were used to detect the apoptosis of tubular ceils.Real-time PCR were used to detect the expression of GRP78 mRNA and Caspase-12 mRNA in tubular cells.Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of GRP78 and Caspase-12 protein in tubular cells.Results BUN,Scr,the mRNA and protein expression of GRP78,Caspase-12 in hydroxytyrosol treated group were higher than that in control group(P ＜ 0.05),but were significantly lower than that in CIN group (P ＜ 0.05).Pathological changes and the apoptosis of tubular cells in CIN group were more serious than that in hydroxytyrosol treated group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Endoplasmic reticulum stress may be associated with contrast-induced nephropathy.Hydroxytyrosol can protect kidney from contrast medium via reducing the endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Objective:To determine the safety of prophylactic irradiation dose CTV 60Gy optimized to CTV 50Gy for II b region in patients with stage N 0-N 1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and the dose advantage and clinical value for parotid gland protection, and to understand the diagnostic value of PET-CT and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for suspicious positive lymph nodes in the neck (5 mm≤maximum short diameter<10 mm). Methods:Clinical data of 157 patients with primary non-metastatic NPC (N 0-N 1) admitted to our hospital from June 2015 to March 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. 104 patients underwent II b clinical target volume optimization guided by multimodal imaging system. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan - Meier method. Univariate/multivariate regression analysis was performed to analyze the pattern of cervical lymph node recurrence. Paired t-test was used to compare the differences in target volume and parotid gland dose parameters before and after dose optimization. Results:Sixty patients underwent single-neck optimization in stage N 1, 25 patients received double-neck optimization (only those with retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis), and 19 patients underwent double-neck optimization in stage N 0. Three patients had cervical regional recurrence, all in-field. The 5-year overall survival rate was 93.3%. The lymph node recurrence-free survival rate, local recurrence-free survival rate, distant metastasis-free survival rate and disease-free survival rate were 97.1%, 91.3%, 88.5% and 80.8%, respectively. Cervical lymph node recurrence was associated with local recurrence in the nasopharynx, regardless of retropharyngeal lymph node status. Fourteen patients had suspicious positive cervical lymph nodes in II b region, with a mean maximum short diameter of 7.1 (5~9) mm on the largest cross-sectional plane, and 11 of them were positive on PET-CT, with a mean SUV max of 2.96 (2.5~3.3). There was no significant difference in GTV after optimization ( P>0.05). D mean, D max, D 50% and V 26Gy of parotid gland were significantly lower than those of conventional plan (all P<0.01). Conclusions:It is safe to optimize CTV 60Gy to CTV 50Gy in II b region in patients with N 0-N 1 NPC, and the exposure dose to normal tissues around the parotid gland and neck is significantly reduced. For small lymph nodes that do not meet the diagnostic criteria, it needs to be individualized in combination with multimodality imaging systems, such as PET-CT and DWI.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility of individualized primary clinical target volume (CTV) delineation in intensity-modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods:Clinical data of 87 consecutive patients newly diagnosed with lateralized NPC in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital between October 2016 and February 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Lateralized NPC is defined as tumor invasion not exceeding the contralateral wall. According to the tumor spread, the primary CTV was optimized as follows: CTV2 only covered the medial part of the contralateral pterygopalatine fossa, whereas the contralateral foramen oval was not included; on the level of parapharyngeal space, the contralateral side of CTV only covered the posterior lateral lymph nodes, whereas the contralateral internal jugular vein was not regularly covered. Failure patterns and 5-year survival [local control rate (LCR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS)] were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method. Paired t-test and rank-sum test were used to analyze the dose variation in the optimized region and adverse reactions. Results:The median follow-up time was 59.5 months. The 5-year LCR, PFS, and OS were 98.9%, 86.5% and 92.1%, respectively. There was no local recurrence in the optimized area of CTV. Dosimetric comparison results showed that the doses of parotid gland, temporal lobe, cochlea and middle ear on the contralateral side were reduced by 13.45%, 9.14%, 38.83%, and 29.36%, respectively. Four cases (4.6%) developed grade 3 hearing loss, all on the ipsilateral side. The optimized scheme significantly alleviated the hearing loss on the contralateral side compared to that on the ipsilateral side ( P<0.001). Other grade 3 late adverse reactions included cranial nerve injury, subcutaneous fibrosis in the neck and visual impairment, with 1 case each. Conclusion:Individualized primary CTV for lateralized NPC is feasible and safe, with obvious dosimetric advantages and reduced adverse reaction rate, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of pregnant women with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS).Methods:A total of 11 pregnant women with HFRS admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University (four cases), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University (four cases), The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University (one case) and Central Hospital of Xianyang City (two cases) between November 2009 and February 2019 were included as the study group, and 24 age-matched non-pregnant women with HFRS were selected as the control group. The age, complications, clinical classification and laboratory indexes of the two groups were analyzed retrospectively, and the clinical outcomes of pregnant women and their fetuses in the study group were followed up. The data between two groups were compared using Mann-Whitney U test or chi-square test. Results:Patients in the study and control groups were 29 (22, 33) and 32 (24, 37) years old, respectively. Seven of 11 patients in study group were severe and critical cases, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (16.7%(4/24), χ2=7.722, P=0.015). In the study group, 10 patients had hypervolemic syndrome, 10 patients had pulmonary edema and six patients had overlapping hypotension shock phase and oliguria phase, which were all higher than those in the control group ((2/24, 8.3%), (2/24, 8.3%) and (2/24, 8.3%), respectively; χ2=22.828, 22.828 and 9.135, respectively, all P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the pregnant patients in study group had a higher urea nitrogen maximum and serum creatinine maximum, and the differences were both statistically significant ( Z=-2.453 and -2.336, respectively, both P<0.05), while they had a lower serum albumin minimum, hemoglobin maximum and hemoglobin minimum, and the differences were all statistically significant ( Z=-3.742, -3.350 and -4.034, respectively, all P<0.01). All pregnant women with HFRS recovered. Nine pregnant women gave birth to nine healthy infants. All of them received breastfeeding and the feeding duration were more than six months. No abnormal growth and development were found during an average follow-up of three years. Conclusions:Pregnancy can aggravate the severity of HFRS, and pregnant women have higher risk of the multiple stages overlap and the complications such as hypervolemic syndrome and acute pulmonary edema. After recovery from HFRS, mother may carry to full-term pregnancy.

ObjectiveTo explore the psychological defense styles and family environment among male prisoners of different terms of imprisonment， and to analyse the relationship between their psychological defense styles and family environment. MethodsA total of 200 male prisoners in a prison in Guangdong were randomly selected from April to June 2015， and they were classified into less than 5 years of imprisonment group （n=108） and 5 years or more imprisonment group （n=92）. Their defense style and family environment were evaluated by Defense Style Questionnaire （DSQ） and Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version （FES-CV）. Pearson correlation analysis was used to test the correlation between each scale score. ResultsThe factor scores of immature defense mechanism and intermediate defense mechanism of DSQ in the group with less than 5 years of imprisonment were lower than those in the group with 5 years or more imprisonment， with statistically significant differences （t=4.198， 1.137， P<0.01）. The scores of FES-CV family intimacy， emotional expression and organizational factors in less than 5 years of imprisonment group were higher than those in 5 years or more imprisonment group （t=3.122， 2.993， 2.203， P<0.01）， and the scores of contradiction factors were lower than those in 5 years or more imprisonment group （t=-3.682， P<0.01）. The scores of DSQ immature， intermediate defense mechanism and concealment factor of male prisoners were negatively correlated with the scores of FES-CV family intimacy and emotional expression factor （r=-0.428~-0.172， P<0.05 or 0.01）， and the scores of 4 factors in DSQ were all positively correlated with the scores of contradiction factor in FES-CV （r=0.175~0.384， P<0.05 or 0.01）. ConclusionCompared with male prisoners with less than 5 years of imprisonment， those with 5 years or more are prone to adopt immature and intermediate defense mechanisms， and their family environments are characterized by apparent contradiction and a lack of family intimacy， emotional expression and organization. Furthermore， the defects of psychological defense mechanism of prisoners are related to their family environment.