Exercise intervention is an important non-pharmacological intervention for various diseases, and establishing precise exercise load assessment techniques can improve the quality of exercise intervention and the efficiency of disease prevention and control. Based on data collection from wearable devices, this study conducts nonlinear optimization and empirical verification of the original "Fitness-Fatigue Model". By constructing a time-varying attenuation function and specific coefficients, this study develops an optimized mathematical model that reflects the nonlinear characteristics of training responses. Thirteen participants underwent 12 weeks of moderate-intensity continuous cycling, three times per week. For each training session, external load (actual work done) and internal load (heart rate variability index) data were collected for each individual to conduct a performance comparison between the optimized model and the original model. The results show that the optimized model demonstrates a significantly improved overall goodness of fit and superior predictive ability. In summary, the findings of this study can support dynamic adjustments to participants' training programs and aid in the prevention and control of chronic diseases.
Humans ; Wearable Electronic Devices ; Exercise/physiology* ; Models, Theoretical ; Heart Rate/physiology* ; Exercise Therapy

Objective:To compare the differences in repair of rabbit bone defects between allogeneic platelet rich plasma (PRP) gel and autologous PRP gel.Methods:Thirty-six healthy New Zealand white rabbits were selected and randomly divided into an autologous group, an allogeneic group, and a control group ( n=12). A model of bilateral forelimb bone defects was established in each group. The autologous group was repaired with self-made deproteinized bone scaffold materials + autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) + autologous PRP gel, the allogeneic group with self-made deproteinized bone scaffold materials + autologous BMSCs + allogeneic PRP gel, and the control group with only self-made deproteinized bone scaffold materials + autologous BMSCs. At postoperative 1, 2, and 3 months, 4 animals were euthanized in each group, respectively, for gross observation, X-ray examination, Micro-CT examination, biomechanical testing and histological analysis (HE staining for tissue morphology) to compare the differences in repair of bone defects. Results:The formation of trabecular bone, cortical reconstruction, and medullary recanalization occurred earlier in the autologous and allogeneic groups than in the control group. Micro-CT analysis at postoperative 2 months showed that bone mineral density [(281.51±33.69) mg/mL and (266.13±37.13) mg/mL], bone volume fraction (23.52%±2.81% and 21.91%±1.94%), and trabecular number [(1.68±0.29) mm -1 and (1.63±0.22) mm -1] in the autologous and allogeneic groups were significantly higher than those in the control group [(197.47±18.61) mg/mL, 16.54%±3.06%, and (1.06±0.11) mm -1] ( P<0.05). No significant differences were found among the 3 groups in trabecular thickness [(0.33±0.09) mm, (0.42±0.16) mm, and (0.28±0.13) mm] or in the maximum compressive load ( P>0.05). HE staining revealed a significantly greater number and earlier formation of chondrocytes and osteoblasts in the autologous and allogeneic groups than in the control group. Conclusion:Since allogeneic PRP exhibits similar efficacy in promoting new bone formation compared with autologous PRP in a rabbit bone defect model, it may serve as a viable substitute for autologous PRP.

Objective To examine and compare the effect of personalized progressive aerobic-exercise and resistance-training prescriptions on anxiety of undergraduates.Methods This was a randomized controlled trial.Sixty-six undergraduates with anxiety were recruited and randomized into an aerobic ex-ercise(AE)group,a resistance exercise(RE)group and a control group,each of 22.The aerobic and resistance exercise groups underwent 12-week aerobic and resistance exercise respectively,while the control group only received health education.Before as well as after 4-,8-and 12-week interven-tion,and 4 weeks after the intervention,all groups were evaluated using Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Chinese College Students Mental Health Scale--Anxiety Subscale(CCSMHS-AS).More-over,before and 16 weeks after the intervention,all groups were assessed physical activity(PA)us-ing the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form(IPAQ-SF).Results The average SAS scores of the AE and RE groups decreased significantly from 6.95±6.32 and 56.41±5.45 before the intervention to 38.29±5.82 and 41.18±7.51 after 12-week exercise,while the average CC-SMHS-AS score decreased significantly from 20.00±5.66 and 19.41±3.70,to 13.18±4.81 and 14.32±4.16 during the same period of time(P<0.01 for all).Four weeks after the intervention,the SAS score of the AE group was significantly higher than 4 weeks earlier(49.18±11.84 vs.38.29±5.82,P<0.01),while that of the RE group increased without significant differences compared with 4 weeks earlier(42.50±9.57 vs.41.18±7.51,P>0.05),with the value of both groups significantly lower than right after the intervention(P<0.01,P<0.05).In the control group,the SAS score de-creased significantly from 55.73±5.27 before the intervention to 47.09±5.55 right after the interven-tion,and further to 46.95±9.70 4 weeks later(P<0.05),but no significant differences were ob-served in the CCSMHS-AS score(P>0.05).Meanwhile,right after the intervention,the average SAS scores of the AE and RE groups were significantly lower than the control group(P<0.01,P<0.05),without significant differences among the three groups 4 weeks after the intervention(P>0.05).The CC-SMHS-AS scores of AE group right after and 4 weeks after the intervention were significantly higher than the control group(P<0.01),but no significant differences were found in it between either the AE and RE group,or the RE and control group(P>0.05).Besides,the PA levels of the AE and RE groups 4 weeks after the intervention were significantly higher than before the intervention,while no significant changes were observed in the PA level of the control group(P>0.05).Conclusion Twelve-week personalized progressive aerobic-exercise and resistance-training prescriptions both result in a similar effect on relieving anxiety and improving spontaneous PA of college students.However,the prognosis of aerobic exercise is poorer than the other.

Objective To examine and compare the effect of personalized progressive aerobic-exercise and resistance-training prescriptions on anxiety of undergraduates.Methods This was a randomized controlled trial.Sixty-six undergraduates with anxiety were recruited and randomized into an aerobic ex-ercise(AE)group,a resistance exercise(RE)group and a control group,each of 22.The aerobic and resistance exercise groups underwent 12-week aerobic and resistance exercise respectively,while the control group only received health education.Before as well as after 4-,8-and 12-week interven-tion,and 4 weeks after the intervention,all groups were evaluated using Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Chinese College Students Mental Health Scale--Anxiety Subscale(CCSMHS-AS).More-over,before and 16 weeks after the intervention,all groups were assessed physical activity(PA)us-ing the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form(IPAQ-SF).Results The average SAS scores of the AE and RE groups decreased significantly from 6.95±6.32 and 56.41±5.45 before the intervention to 38.29±5.82 and 41.18±7.51 after 12-week exercise,while the average CC-SMHS-AS score decreased significantly from 20.00±5.66 and 19.41±3.70,to 13.18±4.81 and 14.32±4.16 during the same period of time(P<0.01 for all).Four weeks after the intervention,the SAS score of the AE group was significantly higher than 4 weeks earlier(49.18±11.84 vs.38.29±5.82,P<0.01),while that of the RE group increased without significant differences compared with 4 weeks earlier(42.50±9.57 vs.41.18±7.51,P>0.05),with the value of both groups significantly lower than right after the intervention(P<0.01,P<0.05).In the control group,the SAS score de-creased significantly from 55.73±5.27 before the intervention to 47.09±5.55 right after the interven-tion,and further to 46.95±9.70 4 weeks later(P<0.05),but no significant differences were ob-served in the CCSMHS-AS score(P>0.05).Meanwhile,right after the intervention,the average SAS scores of the AE and RE groups were significantly lower than the control group(P<0.01,P<0.05),without significant differences among the three groups 4 weeks after the intervention(P>0.05).The CC-SMHS-AS scores of AE group right after and 4 weeks after the intervention were significantly higher than the control group(P<0.01),but no significant differences were found in it between either the AE and RE group,or the RE and control group(P>0.05).Besides,the PA levels of the AE and RE groups 4 weeks after the intervention were significantly higher than before the intervention,while no significant changes were observed in the PA level of the control group(P>0.05).Conclusion Twelve-week personalized progressive aerobic-exercise and resistance-training prescriptions both result in a similar effect on relieving anxiety and improving spontaneous PA of college students.However,the prognosis of aerobic exercise is poorer than the other.

Objective:To compare the differences in repair of rabbit bone defects between allogeneic platelet rich plasma (PRP) gel and autologous PRP gel.Methods:Thirty-six healthy New Zealand white rabbits were selected and randomly divided into an autologous group, an allogeneic group, and a control group ( n=12). A model of bilateral forelimb bone defects was established in each group. The autologous group was repaired with self-made deproteinized bone scaffold materials + autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) + autologous PRP gel, the allogeneic group with self-made deproteinized bone scaffold materials + autologous BMSCs + allogeneic PRP gel, and the control group with only self-made deproteinized bone scaffold materials + autologous BMSCs. At postoperative 1, 2, and 3 months, 4 animals were euthanized in each group, respectively, for gross observation, X-ray examination, Micro-CT examination, biomechanical testing and histological analysis (HE staining for tissue morphology) to compare the differences in repair of bone defects. Results:The formation of trabecular bone, cortical reconstruction, and medullary recanalization occurred earlier in the autologous and allogeneic groups than in the control group. Micro-CT analysis at postoperative 2 months showed that bone mineral density [(281.51±33.69) mg/mL and (266.13±37.13) mg/mL], bone volume fraction (23.52%±2.81% and 21.91%±1.94%), and trabecular number [(1.68±0.29) mm -1 and (1.63±0.22) mm -1] in the autologous and allogeneic groups were significantly higher than those in the control group [(197.47±18.61) mg/mL, 16.54%±3.06%, and (1.06±0.11) mm -1] ( P<0.05). No significant differences were found among the 3 groups in trabecular thickness [(0.33±0.09) mm, (0.42±0.16) mm, and (0.28±0.13) mm] or in the maximum compressive load ( P>0.05). HE staining revealed a significantly greater number and earlier formation of chondrocytes and osteoblasts in the autologous and allogeneic groups than in the control group. Conclusion:Since allogeneic PRP exhibits similar efficacy in promoting new bone formation compared with autologous PRP in a rabbit bone defect model, it may serve as a viable substitute for autologous PRP.

Objective:To estimate tissue/organ doses and effective dose to operators in the overexposure incident during an interventional procedure using Monte Carlo method.Methods:The phantoms were constructed for both the operators and the patient based on the adult mesh-type reference computational phantoms (MRCPs) recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Publication 145 and phantom deformation technology. Models of exposure scenario were constructed based on the on-site equipment and the irradiation conditions. The Monte Carlod simulation method was used to evaluate the absorbed dose to critical tissues and organs, such as the operator′s eye lens and thyroid, as well as the effective dose.Results:In the particular exposure conditions, the maximum absorbed doses in the primary organs of the two operators were in the left eye lens, with doses of 1.216 and 0.223 mGy, respectively. The thyroid absorbed doses were 0.074 and 0.019 mGy, while the effective doses to the two operators were 0.088 and 0.021 mSv, respectively. The reduction rates of effective dose for the two operators when wearing lead aprons and lead thyroid collars were 67.16% and 78.79%, respectively.Conclusions:The combination of Monte Carlo method and MRCPs can be used to restore a specific irradiation scenario to a high degree and to estimate the physical dose of to the irradiated persons.

Objective:Three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (3D-STE) was used to evaluate the left ventricular function in patients with triple vessel coronary artery disease without myocardial infarction.Methods:60 patients with three vessel disease of coronary heart disease without myocardial infarction treated in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from June 2018 to December 2020 were selected. They were divided into two groups according to the results of coronary angiography. There were 31 cases in group B, and the stenosis rate of all triple vessel coronary artery was 50%-<75%; 29 cases in group C, the stenosis rate of all triple vessel coronary artery was ≥75%; Thirty healthy subjects were recruited as the group A. We measured left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic and end-systolic volume (LVEDV, LVESV) and LV ejection fraction (LVEF) using real-time dynamic three-dimensional echocardiography. The LV strain parameters were acquired by 3D-STE, including global longitudinal strain (GLS), global area strain, global radial strain (GRS) and global circumferential strain (GCS). The correlation between 3D-STE parameters and N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were analyzed by Pearson linear correlation analysis.Results:The LVEDV and LVESV in group A and B were significantly lower than those in group C (all P<0.05), and the absolute values of LVEF, GLS, GRS, GCS and GAS were higher than those in group C (all P<0.05). There were no significant difference in LVEDV, LVESV and LVEF between group B and group A (all P>0.05), while the absolute values of GLS, GCS and GAS in group B were significantly lower than those in group A (all P<0.05). The absolute values of GLS, GRS, GCS and GAS in group C were negatively correlated with NT-proBNP and LVEDP (all P<0.05). The absolute value of GLS in group B was negatively correlated with NT-proBNP ( P<0.05), and the absolute value of GLS, GRS, GCS and GAS was negatively correlated with LVEDP (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Our study shows that 3D-STE can evaluate the LV function in patients with triple vessel coronary artery disease without myocardial infarction through multiple strain parameters.

Objective:To investigate the application value of jigsaw puzzle flap based on free-style perforator in repairing the defect on groin and adjacent organ after tumor extended resection.Methods:From December 2013 to August 2019, the data was focused on the patients who underwent soft tissue defect repair of groin and adjacent areas in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College. After the defect was predetermined preoperatively, portable ultrasound Doppler was used to map multiple perforators adjacent to the defect. The large defect was divided into several small parts, based on the location of perforators, the intensity of the Doppler, the safety size of flap that can be perfused by a single free-style perforator, and the donor sites can be closed primarily. Each component part corresponds to a free-style perforator flap. The perforator vessels were reversely dissected, and small flaps of V-Y advancement, rotation and propeller pedicled with perforator vessels were formed (appropriate modification of flaps can be made according to actual anatomical perforator vessels). All flaps were transferred to the defect site and reassembled according to the preoperative design (film simulation) to repair the large wound or deep space after the extended resection of the tumor in the groin and adjacent organs. Meanwhile, the donor site was closed and sutured primarily. The color, temperature, capillary reaction of the skin flap were observed during the first 3 days after procedure, and appearance and function after repair were observed after long-term follow-up.Results:A total of 31 patients were enrolled, including 18 males and 13 females. The ages of the patients ranged from 48 to 82 years with an average of 66 years. The defect area of skin and soft tissue was 8.0 cm×10.0 cm-15.5 cm×20.0 cm, with an average of 12.0 cm×15.0 cm. A total of 65 flaps were harvested, including 32 propeller flaps, 18 rotating flaps and 15 V-Y advancement flaps. There were 3 cases with 3 flaps and 28 cases with 2 flaps. The average skin flap area was 12.0 cm×20.0 cm-5.0 cm×10.0 cm, with an average of 8.0 cm×13.0 cm, and the diameter of the pedicle perforator vessel was 0.5 mm-4.0 mm. The color, temperature and capillary reaction of the skin flap were normal during the first 3 days after operation. Too much tension resulted in congestion of the flap in one case and poor wound healing. The wound was treated with dressing change, and healed in two weeks. The patients were followed up for 3 months to 5 years, with an average of 1.5 years. 30 patients survived primarily. The postoperative appearance was good.Conclusions:The combination of multiple small free-style perforator flaps can repair the large skin and soft tissue defects of malignant tumors after extensive resection on the groin and its adjacent area, and the donor site can be closed primarily. This method is easy to operate and avoids micro anastomosis and skin grafting. It is a kind of repair approach for clinical reference.

Objective:To investigate the application value of jigsaw puzzle flap based on free-style perforator in repairing the defect on groin and adjacent organ after tumor extended resection.Methods:From December 2013 to August 2019, the data was focused on the patients who underwent soft tissue defect repair of groin and adjacent areas in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College. After the defect was predetermined preoperatively, portable ultrasound Doppler was used to map multiple perforators adjacent to the defect. The large defect was divided into several small parts, based on the location of perforators, the intensity of the Doppler, the safety size of flap that can be perfused by a single free-style perforator, and the donor sites can be closed primarily. Each component part corresponds to a free-style perforator flap. The perforator vessels were reversely dissected, and small flaps of V-Y advancement, rotation and propeller pedicled with perforator vessels were formed (appropriate modification of flaps can be made according to actual anatomical perforator vessels). All flaps were transferred to the defect site and reassembled according to the preoperative design (film simulation) to repair the large wound or deep space after the extended resection of the tumor in the groin and adjacent organs. Meanwhile, the donor site was closed and sutured primarily. The color, temperature, capillary reaction of the skin flap were observed during the first 3 days after procedure, and appearance and function after repair were observed after long-term follow-up.Results:A total of 31 patients were enrolled, including 18 males and 13 females. The ages of the patients ranged from 48 to 82 years with an average of 66 years. The defect area of skin and soft tissue was 8.0 cm×10.0 cm-15.5 cm×20.0 cm, with an average of 12.0 cm×15.0 cm. A total of 65 flaps were harvested, including 32 propeller flaps, 18 rotating flaps and 15 V-Y advancement flaps. There were 3 cases with 3 flaps and 28 cases with 2 flaps. The average skin flap area was 12.0 cm×20.0 cm-5.0 cm×10.0 cm, with an average of 8.0 cm×13.0 cm, and the diameter of the pedicle perforator vessel was 0.5 mm-4.0 mm. The color, temperature and capillary reaction of the skin flap were normal during the first 3 days after operation. Too much tension resulted in congestion of the flap in one case and poor wound healing. The wound was treated with dressing change, and healed in two weeks. The patients were followed up for 3 months to 5 years, with an average of 1.5 years. 30 patients survived primarily. The postoperative appearance was good.Conclusions:The combination of multiple small free-style perforator flaps can repair the large skin and soft tissue defects of malignant tumors after extensive resection on the groin and its adjacent area, and the donor site can be closed primarily. This method is easy to operate and avoids micro anastomosis and skin grafting. It is a kind of repair approach for clinical reference.

Objective:To study the collapse of the contralateral femoral head after the total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with bilateral steroid-induced femoral head necrosis leg-length discrepancy (LLD) influences.Methods:A total of 108 patients with bilateral steroid-induced femoral head necrosis who were treated in Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi′an Jiaotong University from June 2014 to June 2016 underwent THA surgery on the hip joints that had symptoms and developed to Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) Ⅲ. At the same time, the non-surgical hip-preserving treatment of the non-collapsed femoral head developed to the ARCO Ⅱ stage was performed. The follow-up period was 2 years, and 98 cases were finally included. According to the size of the leg-length discrepancy [LLD<3 mm group ( n=50), LLD≥3 mm group ( n=48)] and the type of leg-length discrepancy[non collapse side longer group ( n=58) and shorter group ( n=58)], the collapse of the femoral head and the THA were observed. Results:Finally, a total of 56 cases of femoral head collapse occurred in the non collapse side of the hip, of which 50 cases underwent THA within 24 months. There were significant statistical differences in THA and femoral head collapse between LLD<3 mm group and LLD≥3 mm group, non collapse side longer group and non collapse side shorter group ( P<0.05). The 2-year survival rate without collapse in the LLD<3 mm group and LLD≥3 mm group were 52.1% and 34.0%, respectively, and the 2-year survival rates in the longer and shorter non-collapsed limb groups were 56.9% and 22.5%, respectively. Compared with patients with moderate lesions, the survival rate of femoral heads in patients with larger lesions was lower ( OR: 4.25, 95% CI: 1.55-11.26; P=0.003). LLD<3 mm group ( OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.06-0.50; P<0.01) or non collapse side longer group ( OR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.04-0.29; P<0.01) had lower risk of contralateral femoral head collapse after THA. Conclusions:For patients with bilateral steroid-induced femoral head necrosis who have collapsed lateral THA, postoperative leg-length discrepancy extremities is a potential risk factor for collapse of non-collapsed femoral head. LLD<3 mm and avoiding shortening of the uncollapsed limb may reduce the risk of collapse of the uncollapsed femoral head.